A talakawan sanadin motsi makamashi

Sanadin motsi makamashi ne makamashi da cewa an ƙaddara da gudun motsi daban-daban maki na wannan tsarin. Kamar haka wajibi ne a rarrabe tsakanin makamashi da characterizes translational motsi da kuma rotational motsi. A lokaci guda, da talakawan sanadin motsi makamashi - ne talakawan bambanci tsakanin jimlar makamashi na dukan tsarin da sauran makamashi, cewa ne, a gaskiya, da darajar ne matsakaita na da m makamashi.

Its jiki yawa lasafta ta da dabara 3/2 KT inda alama: T - zazzabi, k - Boltzmann m. Wannan darajar iya zama a matsayin mai rarrabẽwa don kwatanta (reference) domin samar da makamashi dauke a cikin daban-daban iri thermal motsi. Ga misali, da talakawan sanadin motsi makamashi na iskar gas kwayoyin a cikin binciken na translational motsi, shi ne 17 (- 10) NJ a gas zafin jiki na 500 C. matsayinka na mai mulki, a mafi makamashi electrons da translational motsi, amma makamashi na ions da kuma tsaka tsaki kwayoyin zarra da muhimmanci kasa.

Wannan darajar, idan muka yi la'akari da wani bayani, gas, ko ruwa, sa a wannan zafin jiki yana da wani m darajar. Wannan magana gaskiya ne domin colloidal mafita.

Ɗan daban-daban shi ne yanayin da daskararru. A cikin wadannan abubuwa, da talakawan sanadin motsi makamashi na duk barbashi ne ma kananan cin nasara da sojojin na kwayoyin janye, amma saboda shi ne kawai zai iya yin motsi a kusa da wani batu, wanda shi ne conventionally kama wasu ma'auni matsayi na wani barbashi a kan wani dogon lokaci. Wannan dukiyar damar da daskararru zama isasshe barga a siffar da kuma girma.

Idan muka yi la'akari da yanayi: gaba motsi da kuma manufa gas, a nan da talakawan sanadin motsi makamashi ba a darajar, da dogara a kan kwayoyin nauyi, kuma saboda haka ayyana a matsayin darajar cewa shi ne kai tsaye na gwargwado ga darajar daga cikin cikakkar zazzabi.

Duk waɗannan farillai da Muka ba tare da niyya don nuna cewa suna da inganci ga duk iri tari jihohin al'amarin - a wani daga cikin wadannan zafin jiki da hidima a matsayin babban halaye, nuna masu kuzarin kawo cikas da kuma tsanani da thermal motsi na abubuwa. Kuma wannan shi ne jigon da kwayoyin-sanadin motsi ka'idar da abun ciki na manufar thermal ma'auni.

Kamar yadda aka sani, idan biyu jiki gawarwakin zo a cikin alkawari da juna, da zafi musayar tsari ya auku tsakanin su. Idan jiki ne rufaffiyar tsarin, cewa shi ne, ba hulɗa tare da wani daga cikin jikinsu, da zafi canja wurin tsari zai dauki kamar yadda da yawa lokaci kamar yadda ake bukata don tsara a layi da yawan zafin jiki na jiki da kuma muhalli. Wannan jiha da ake kira thermodynamic ma'auni. Wannan ƙarshe da aka akai-akai tabbatar da sakamakon gwaje-gwajen. Don sanin ko talakawan sanadin motsi makamashi kamata koma zuwa halaye na da yanayin jiki da zafi musayar Properties.

Yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da cewa micro-matakai a cikin jiki da kuma ba ya kawo karshen lokacin da jiki zo a cikin thermal ma'auni. A wannan jiha, a cikin jiki akwai wani motsi da kwayoyin canza su velocities, bumps, kuma collisions. Saboda haka yana da za'ayi daya kawai da dama na mu assertions - ƙara na jiki, da matsa lamba (a cikin hali na gas) su iya bambanta, amma yanayin zafi zai har yanzu haƙuri. Wannan sake tabbatar da tabbatarwa cewa talakawan sanadin motsi makamashi na thermal motsi a ware tsarin da aka kaddara kawai da yawan zafin jiki nuna alama.

Wannan dokar kafa a cikin shakka daga gwaje-gwajen, Jean Charles a 1787. Ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen, shi ne lura da cewa a lokacin da dumama jikinsu (gas) da wannan adadin, su matsa lamba da aka canja a cikin daidai da kai tsaye na gwargwado dokar. Wannan kallo sanya shi yiwuwa a haifar da yawa amfani da na'urorin da kuma abubuwa, musamman - da gas ma'aunin zafi da sanyio.