"Tsohon Alkawari Triniti": bayanin irin gumaka

Ainihin tenet na Kristanci ne rukunan mutane uku sõyayya a ainihin Allah ne Triniti Mai Tsarki. Wadannan uku fursunoni a gare Shi jiki - Allah Uba, Allah Ɗa, da Allah Ruhu Mai Tsarki da aka ba Fused da juna da kuma suna rabuwa. Kowane daga cikinsu shi ne wani buɗi na daya daga cikin abokai. Mai Tsarki yake koyarwa game da Church cikakken dayantaka na Triniti, da m duniya, farauta a cikin shi da tsarkake shi.

Hoton na da Triniti Mai Tsarki a cikin iconography

Triniti Mai Tsarki ne mai gargajiya labarin na Orthodox iconography. Amma a matsayin kai tsaye siffar Allah, Allah zai zama wani take hakkin manufar abada da kuma ta incomprehensibility, bayyana a cikin kalmomi Evangelista Ioanna: "Allah bai gani wani kuma bai taba" yi amfani da da m images, babban abin da yake cikin Tsohon Alkawali Triniti.

Domin da watsuwar wannan image Iconographers al'ada sun koma ga siffar scene aka bayyana a cikin sura ta 18 Littafi Mai Tsarki Farawa. Yana da aka kira "Liyãfa Ibrahim." A ayoyi na 1 zuwa 18, ta gaya yadda Ibrahim, a lokacin da rana da hutawa, da aka kãwo wa ziyarci uku maza. Ganin idanunmu na ruhaniya da cewa a cikin hanyar Allah, ya bayyana a gare shi, Ibrãhĩm wanda ya zo da mafi girman daraja da kuma liyãfa.

Wannan scene ya tushen gargajiya iconographic Scene - Tsohon Alkawari Triniti. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, hana yiwuwar kai tsaye image Mahaliccin duniya, da Masters koma a ayyukansu zuwa symbolism cewa ya zama su babban ma'ana dabaru. Saboda haka ya zama al'ada shika-shikan albarkar da Church matsayi, to wakiltar mutanen da suka ziyarci Ibrahim a cikin nau'i na uku mala'iku.

Bayyanar da Triniti Mai Tsarki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na mãkirci

A hoton farko, wanda ya nuna Tsohon Alkawali Triniti, ya bayyana a cikin II karni a kan ganuwar da Roman catacombs, inda Kiristoci na farko a asirce arna hukuma jajirce sabis. Wadannan alkaluma na iya ba tabbatar da canons kafa a baya ƙarni, da kuma gabatar da su cikin scene duba quite tarihi. Amma a wannan lokacin, ba mu san artists yi kokarin jaddada kama na uku bãƙin Ibrãhĩm.

Daga baya tauhidin buga da Kalmar "izokefalnost", wanda tsaye ga daidaici da matafiya. A bango zane-zane na Roman catacombs, ta ja layi a ƙarƙashinsu m sameness shirya kai da tufafi da uku maza. A hankali da baƙi image ziyartar cikin Tsohon Alkawali da ubanninmu, ya fara daukar more kuma mafi m, kuma ƙarshe akwai wani hadisin na image a cikin mala'iku form.

Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa labarin "Tsohon Alkawari Triniti" ne sau da yawa gabatar a iri biyu - izokefalny da neizokefalny. A cikin farko idan, kamar yadda gane daga lokaci kanta, cike da rikicewar abun da ke ciki ya jaddada da juna daidaici na uku mala'iku. A karo na biyu - daya daga cikinsu da aka zaba ta hanyar wani nimbus, giciye image, ko a harkar rubutu.

Mosaic tsoho Basilica

Bugu da kari ga Triniti Mai Tsarki, a kan ganuwar da catacombs daya daga cikin tsofaffin Her image ne a mosaic na V karni a kan Arc de Triomphe Roman Basilica na Santa Maria Maggiore. image abun da ke ciki shi ne wajen rikitarwa. An gani kasu kashi biyu. A saman ne wanda aka nuna Ibrahim ya sheƙo ya tarye baki, daya daga wanda aka kewaye da wani mai bayyanãwa Halo - wata alama ce da tsarki, da kuma a kasa da aka wakilta a tebur, bayan da zama a cikin baƙi. Mai masauki Ibrahim wanda aka nuna shi sau biyu - to jira a kan baƙi da kuma ya ba wani mai nuni da Saratu matarsa. A baya shi ne mai arziki view of tsarin da hasumiya - shi ne bayyananne, Ibrahim House da kuma Mamvriyskogo oak a karkashin abin da taron ya faru.

A karshe version na abun da ke ciki

A abun da ke ciki XIV karni gumaka da suke nuna Triniti Mai Tsarki, akwai a cikin nau'i a cikin abin da aka rubuta cikin shahararrun daga ta samfurori. An nuna wannan ta icon "Triniti Zyryanskaya" halitta a cikin wannan zamani da kuma dangana ga goga na St. Stephen na Perm. An dauke da cewa shi ne a cikin shi a karon farko gabatar da wani scene tsakiya qagaggun mala'iku ne, zaunar da ku ga abincin dare tebur.

Andrei Rublev: "Tsohon Alkawari Triniti"

Wannan aiki da aka rubuta da kuma ya ce da yawa. Kuma shi ne wani daidaituwa, saboda daga cikin iri-iri na gumaka, rubuta a kan batun "Liyãfa Ibrahim", bautar wani wuri na musamman, "Tsohon Alkawari Triniti" Rublev. A gagarimin ra'ayi na masu sukar da kuma connoisseurs na zamanin d Rasha zanen, da artist ya kai mafi girma mataki na watsuwar ruhaniya jigon da Sifar Allah Ɗaya. Wannan aikin, halitta a cikin XV karni, shi ya zama daya daga cikin shahararrun Rasha gumaka.

Abun da ke ciki bayani a wani sosai peculiar hanya. Figures mala'iku kamar yadda idan aka rubuta a wani ganuwa da'irar, NUNA da uku consubstantial hypostases. A lokaci guda, da artist cinma da sakamako, a cikin abin da viewer ta ganinsu ba tsaya a kan kõwa daga gare su, kuma ya yi kawaici a cikin su yardar kaina kafa sarari, da na ginin jumla cibiyar wanda shi ne wani kwano da shugaban da hadaya rago. Sai ya faru a kusa da ita shiru gestures tattaunawa.

Kirista Alamun a cikin icon na Rublev

Ya kamata a lura da cewa "Tsohon Alkawari Triniti" - icon, cike da m halaye, bayyana ainihin Kirista akidarsu. Yana da daidaituwa ba backdrop ga images of malã'iku Figures ne gidan, da itãciya, kuma dutsen. Su images suna cike da ma'ana abun ciki. Saboda haka da malã'ika zuwa hagu, NUNA Allah Uba. Wannan ne evidenced sanya, a gare Shi image na wani gidan - Ibrahim ɗakunan da yayi dace da farko lokacin da allahntaka tattalin arziki, jajirce da nufinsa.

Tree - oak Mamvriyskogo, wanda aka nuna a sama da tsakiyar adadi involuntarily reinterpreted kamar yadda itacen rai, da ake dangantawa da godparents azãba da Mai Ceto. Haka kuma, da viewer aka bar babu shakka cewa tsakiyar adadi na abun da ke ciki marubucin wanda aka nuna Ɗan Allah, Yesu Kristi.

Amma da siffa daga cikin mala'ikan hagu, da tip na ta kaya ne wanda aka nuna a sama dutsen - wata alama ce ta ruhaniya hawan, da za'ayi a cikin mataki na uku mutum na da Ruhu Mai Tsarki. Hoton da dutsen a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki hade da mafi muhimmanci abubuwan da suka faru. Wannan kyauta da Allunan na Wa'adi a Sinai, Transfiguration a Dutsen Tabor da Dutsen Hawan Yesu zuwa sama a kan Elionskoy a Urushalima.

Ya kamata a lura, da kuma daya mafi muhimmanci ra'ayin, wanda ya nuna da "Tsohon Alkawari Triniti". Andrei Rublev a gaskiya aikin na baiwa ya iya ya halicci wani samfur na gaskiya hadin kai da kuma soyayya. Ya Figures, bã tãre da aiki motsi, da kuma yadda idan kura idon a m kallo, cike da shiru sadarwa. Kafin idanun viewer bayyana aiwatar da communicability na allahntaka makamashi, fursunoni cikin uku incarnations na Allah.

Icon Simon Ushakov

Yadu da aka sani a matsayin wani icon na "Tsohon Alkawari Triniti", wanda marubucin - master na Azurfa majalisar na Moscow Kremlin gidan makamai domin Simon Ushakov. Yana da aka rubuta a 1667. By abun da ke ciki Ushakov "Tsohon Alkawari Triniti" haka a cikin hadisin Andreya Rubleva. Yana nuna wannan scene mamaki baki ga Ibrahim, da kuma guda Figures mala'iku suna rubũtacce a cikin da'irar, yin viewer da alama na wani hadin kai. Duk da haka, wannan samfurin na da mutum halaye.

Ado, ya maye gurbin symbolism

Yana da sauki lura cewa Ushakov mala'iku ko da yake su ne kusa da zane Figures wanda aka nuna a kan icon na Andreya Rublova, sãɓã wa jũna daga gare su a wuce kima na jiki da na halitta. Fikafikansu suke tare da kusaci da hankali bayanawa, nauyi da kuma ze iya dauke a cikin iska ko disembodied ruhohi.

A daukan hankali bambanci ne a kanta, kuma baya, wanda ya nuna dukan scene. Idan Rublev, yana da farko m ma'anar, sa'an nan Ushakov, wajen ado. Wannan kawai wani kyakkyawan wuri mai faɗi da wani tarihi palazzo, da na wasan kwaikwayo dutsen da itace. Wannan marubuci a cikin icon "Tsohon Alkawari Triniti" kusan kwace duk uku wuri mai faɗi sanyã su m ma'anar. Ko gaggawar look at su isa su tuna da irin cikakken bayani a kan Veronese zane-zane.

Yana fa, tã da hankali ga ado na tebur ma. Idan Rublev aka iyakance zuwa daya kawai kofin da maraƙi kai, wanda kuma cike da m ma'anar da kuma bayar da umurni da viewer ta hankali da tunani game da hadayar sulhu na Ɗan Allah ne, a cikin wannan yanayin, da artist jaddada arziki bautãwarku, hada da dadi fentin kujeru. Irin wannan mai yawa na ado ne ba na hali na icon.

Triniti Sabon Alkawari

A mãkirci na icons sama da aka dauka daga Tsohon Alkawali, don haka aka kira su da "Tsohon Alkawari Triniti". Amma ba za mu iya watsi da na kowa image na Sabon Alkawari Triniti - wani daban-daban version na image da Allahntaka Triniti. Yana dogara ne a kan kalmomin Yesu da aka bayar a cikin Bisharar Yahaya: "Ni da Uba ɗaya muke." A wannan labarin uku Allah cikin jiki ne images of Allah Uba a cikin wani nau'i na launin toka-masu gashi tsohon mutum, Ɗan Allah, da cewa shi ne Almasihu, wani mutum daga tsakiyar shekaru, da kuma Ruhu Mai Tsarki a cikin nau'i na kurciya.

Bambance-bambancen karatu na Sabon Alkawari image na Triniti

Wannan mãkirci ne da aka sani a da dama embodiments, iconographic, iri dabam-dabam, yafi matsayin wanda aka nuna a cikin Figures shi. Mafi na kowa daga gare su - "Soprestolie" ne a frontal image na Allah Uba, da Allah Ɗa, ya gāji gadon sarautarsa, ko da girgije da kuma tashin gwauron zabi sama Dove - Ruhu Mai Tsarki.

Wani sanannun labarin kuma Yanã da sunan "Fatherland". A da shi, Allah Uba wakilce a zaune a kan kursiyin sarauta da tare da Child Spas Emmanuel, a zaune a kan gwiwoyi da kuma gudanar da hannuwansa a cikin Sphere na blue haske. Ciki, shi matabbaci a m image da Ruhu Mai Tsarki kamar kurciya.

The muhawara game da yiwuwar daga cikin siffar Allah, Allah Uba

Akwai sauran bambance-bambancen karatu na Sabon Alkawari Triniti icon-zanen, kamar da "Crucifixion a cikin Uba," kuma "Madawwami Light", "Otoslanie Kristi ne a duniya," kuma da dama sauransu. Duk da haka, duk da tartsatsi tsakanin masana tauhidi kan ƙarni ba ya kwanta da rigingimu game da haramun ce, irin wannan hoto labaru.

Shakka suna m ga cewa, a cewar Bishara, Allah Uba, babu wanda ya taba gani, sabili da haka ba shi yiwuwa a nuna. A goyon bayan da ya ra'ayi sun ambaci Great Moscow ta Cathedral 1666-1667 shekaru, 43 th sakin layi hukuncin da ta haramta siffar Allah, Allah Uba, wanda ya ba a lokacin da wani dalilin karbo daga cikin yin amfani da yawa gumaka.

Da abokan adawar ma da tushe daga zargin a kan Bishara, kawo kalmomin Kristi: "Wanda ya gan ni ya ga Ubana." Ko ta wani hanya, amma Sabon Alkawari Triniti, duk da shawara, yana da tabbaci a cikin icon jigogi, girmamawa da Orthodox Church. Af, duk da zabin na Sabon Alkawari Triniti bayyana a Rasha art gwada da marigayi. Har XVI karni, sun kasance ba a sani ba.