A rarrabuwa na hanyoyi. Jerin tarayya hanyoyi a Rasha

Hanyõyi ne kai hanyoyi cewa connect daban-daban yankuna da kwaminonin kasar. A mafi darajar kasar mu ne tarayya hanyoyi na Rasha. Amma kuma muhimmancin wasu hanyõyi, kuma rashin sanin cikakken farashi ba lallai ba ne. Bari mu koyi yadda za a rarraba hanyoyi, kazalika da zana har da wani jerin Rasha tarayya hanyoyi.

The iri hanya rarrabuwa

Da farko, bari mu gano kan abin da filaye za a iya harhada hanyoyi. Dangane da sharudda, akwai da dama iri rarrabuwa:

• meaningfully.
• irin shafi.
• a kan dukiya.
• aji.
• da category.

A kasa, mu dubi kowane irin rarrabuwa a more daki-daki.

A rarrabuwa na hanyoyi meaningfully

Wannan irin rarrabuwa a Rasha Federation ma'anar musamman dokar tarayya a kan hanyoyi, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 2007. A cewar shi, da hanya zuwa kashi tarayya hanyoyi Rasha, yanki, Inter-birni da kuma gida dabi'u. Wannan yana nufin za mu magana daga baya.

Rasha tarayya hanyoyi - hanyõyi ne na kasa da muhimmancin. Suna kudi daga gwamnatin tarayya kasafin kudin.

Regional hanyoyi - hanya hanya, a karkashin iko na hukuma a cikin yankuna. Bã su da gida, yankin da kuma digiri na muhimmancin suna a] en daga dace kasafin kudin. Idan yankin sawu bayar da damar yin manyan kai interchanges da kuma sauran m wurare, da Rasha rarrabuwa na hanyoyi da aka nuna ta prefix A, da kuma duk sauran - da prefix K.

Inter-birni hanyoyi bauta to connect ƙauyuka a cikin iyakokin na daya yankin amma da ƙananan matakin na muhimmancin fiye da yankin hanyoyi, da kuma dukan more tarayya hanyõyi Rasha. All intermunicipal hanyar gano da prefix H.

All sauran hanyoyi ne hanyõyi, na gida muhimmanci. Sau da yawa, su ne cikin iyakar daya yankin ko Locality kuma suna da gagarumin darajar kawai don shi. Kuɗin Tafiyar daga cikin kasafin kudin na karamar hukumar, wanda ya hada da.

Iri hanyoyi a kan irin shafi

A rufe duk hanyõyi ya kasu kashi biyu iri: wuya kotu da ruwan karkashin kasa. Kuma na farko zuwa kashi da dama subspecies kwalta sharewa tare da bayar da damar gudanar da duwatsu, kankare fale-falen da dai sauransu ... Datti hanyoyi ba su da wucin gadi Turf.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin Rasha jerin tarayya hanyoyi ne ba wani ɓangare na daya compactor sufuri hanya. Har ila yau, ba za ka samu irin wannan hanya runs tsakanin shiyya da kuma Inter-birni muhimmanci. Amma za su iya saduwa da gida hanyoyi.

Nau'in na ikon mallakar hanyoyi

By dama na hanyar saƙonni ikon mallakar kasu kasa, na bangarori da kuma masu zaman kansu. Idan definition of mai na kasa da kasa da na yankuna hanyoyi da tambaya ba tashi, da masu zaman kansu da harkokin ne da ɗan daban-daban. Saboda haka, ba za su iya mallakar ko dai duk wani shiri ko mutum. Lura, duk da haka, cewa, da yi masu zaman kansu en a Rasha ne ba sosai na kowa.

A lokaci guda ya kamata a jaddada cewa, duk hanyoyi suna kunshe a cikin jerin Rasha ta tarayya Lines, mallakar jihar.

Nau'in jinsi

Akwai kuma rarrabuwa aji hanyoyi. A cewar ta, karauka zuwa kashi uku iri: gwadabe, high-gudun da kuma al'ada hanya.

Babban bambancin daga sauki motorways hanyõyi, shi ne cewa na farko da irin waƙoƙi ba a yarda damar zuwa cikin mota ya kwarara a kan babbar hanya adjacently a kan wannan matakin, yayin da na biyu da irin yana yiwuwa.

A al'ada waƙoƙi da aka kafa ƙananan gudun yanayin fiye da na sama biyu. Bugu da ƙari, da bambanci ga motorways mota, a kan irin hanyoyi da aka jiyar da mahada da bike, mota da kuma tafiya a ƙasa hanyõyi a cikin wannan jirgin sama.

Ake bukata sifa motorways mota - gaban hudu ko fiye da hanyoyi, kowane tare da nisa daga 3,75 m.

Ya kamata a lura cewa a sassa daban-daban na wannan hanya iya samun daban-daban aji.

Yana daukan lura cewa duk wadannan iri hanyõyi kunshe a cikin jerin Rasha tarayya hanyoyi, amma daga yankin karauka hanyõyi riga fakowa ba.

Road fashewa ta category

Road rarrabuwa Categories za a iya daukan mafi tsaurara da aji runs.

All hanyõyi ne IA category, hanyõyi - ibn, amma cikin saba hanya da zarar ya kasu kashi biyar Categories - IC, II, III, IV kuma V. IC bambanta daga duk sauran abinda na al'ada waƙoƙi ne cewa shi bukatar da m gaban da rabuwa da ita markings for motorways da kuma kar-hanyoyi. A wasu category hanyoyi na al'ada irin bambanta a jimlar yawan zirga-zirga hanyoyi da su widths. Bugu da ƙari kuma, sabanin sauran embodiments, tracks Categories IV kuma V damar domin rarrabawa da Railway da tram waƙoƙi na wannan matakin.

All hanyoyi IA category, watau babbar hanyar mota, a kan jerin Rasha ta tarayya hanyoyi.

tarayya hanya

Yanzu bari mu dauki wani kusa look at abin da waƙoƙi ne a kan jerin tarayya mota hanyoyi a Rasha. Yana hada da cikakken duk karauka cewa connect Moscow tare da manya na sauran gwamnati abokai, ko a haɗa shi da tsakiyar biranen Rasha Federation. Bugu da kari, a cikin jerin Rasha tarayya hanyõyi iya hada hanyoyi cudanya administrative cibiyoyin a yankuna daban-daban, idan karauka yana da wani muhimmanci na musamman. Har ila yau a cikin wannan jerin wani lokaci ana hada mafi muhimmanci a haɗa hanyoyi, musamman ma wadanda suke da cewa samar da entrances zuwa mafi girma zirga-zirga intersections ko sadarwar da ciwon tarayya darajar, msl, to manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa.

Tarayya hanyoyi Rasha ne na musamman muhimmancin ga kasar ta kai tsarin.

Nau'in tarayya hanyoyi

Duk da hanyoyi kunshe a cikin jerin tarayya hanyõyi, Rasha, suna da nasu raba rarrabuwa. A ta ke, da kuma mu ci gaba tattaunawar.

Rasha tarayya hanyoyi kasu kashi biyu main iri: jama'a da kuma Turai hanyoyi.

Haka kuma, masu lambobi hanyoyi a haɗa Moscow tare da kasashen waje manya ko yankin da cibiyoyin amfani prefix M. Ga waɗanda Lines, wanda connect tsakiyar yankunan na gari da zuma, R. prefix amfani Rasha Tarayya hanyõyi na bayar da muhimmanci a matsayin damar dangane da ake ƙidaya laqani da A.

List of tarayya hanyoyi da prefix M

Yanzu bari mu dauki wani look at cikin jerin kanta Rasha tarayya hanyoyi. Tarayya hanyoyi na janar muhimmancin, a haɗa Moscow da Turai manya da yankin cibiyoyin da wadannan sunayen:

• M1 - a Minsk.
• M2 - a Yalta.
• M3 - a Kiev.
• M4 - Novorossiysk.
• M5 - Chelyabinsk.
• M7 - Ufa.
• M8 - to Arkhangelsk.
• M9 - a Riga.
• M10 - a St. Petersburg.
• M11 St. Petersburg - Moscow (a karkashin gini).

List of tarayya hanyoyi

Jerin tarayya mota hanyoyi na Rasha Federation, wanda haɗi zuwa juna da tsakiyar garuruwa na ta batutuwa, hada da 34 waƙoƙi. A mafi muhimmanci na wadannan sun hada da:

• P23 Belarus - St. Petersburg.
• P56 Pskov - Novgorod.
• P92 Eagle - Kaluga.
• R119 Tambov - Eagle.
• P120 Belarus - Oryol.
• R132 Ryazan - Kaluga.
• P208, R209 Penza - Tambov.
• P216 Stavropol - Astrakhan.
• R217- "Caucasus".
• R239 Kazakhstan - Kazan.
• R298 - Kursk hanya P22.
• P351 Tyumen - Yekaterinburg.
• P402 Omsk - Tyumen.
• P404 Khanty-Mansiysk - Tyumen.
• P600 Ivanovo - Kostroma.

Tarayya hanyoyi na Rasha Federation, wanda bauta kamar yadda dangane da damar, da 75 sunayen. A mafi muhimmanci, da kuma su ne kamar haka:

• Shelkovskoye A103 karauka.
• Ilinskoe A109 karauka.
• A113 Zobe Road.
• A164- "Transkei".
• A181- "Scandinavia".
• A375- "Gabas".

Turai hanyoyi

Bugu da kari, akwai tarayya hanyoyi a Rasha, wanda suna da matsayi na Turai kai hanyoyi. Wadannan sun hada da wadannan line:

• E18 Finland - Saint-Petersburg.
• E20 Estonia - St. Petersburg.
• E22 Latvia - Ishim.
• E28 Poland - Kaliningrad - Lithuania.
• E30 Belarus - Omsk.
• E38 Ukraine - Voronezh - Kazakhstan.
• E40 Ukraine - Volgograd - Kazakhstan.
• E50 Ukraine - Makhachkala.
• E58 Ukraine - Rostov-on-Don.
• E77 Poland - Pskov.
• E95 Saint-Petersburg - Belarus.
• E97 Ukraine - Georgia.
• E101 Ukraine - Moscow.
• E105 Norway - Yalta.
• E115 Novorossiysk - Yaroslavl.
• E117 Georgia - Mineralnye Vody.
• E119 Moscow - Azerbaijan.
• E121 Samara - Kazakhstan.
• E123 Chelyabinsk - Kazakhstan.
• E125 Ishim - Kazakhstan.
• E127 Omsk - Kazakhstan.

Wadannan tarayya hanyõyi Rasha suna da muhimmanci ba wai kawai saboda shi na samar da mota zirga-zirga a cikin gida, amma kuma ya tabbatar da barga aiki na kasa da kasa kai.

Asian hanyoyi

Bugu da kari, akwai Asian duniya hanya. A rarrabuwa an gano da prefix AN. Amma ya kamata a lura da cewa Asian hanyoyi kuma classified lokaci guda kari kafin kalma M, P da A, dangane da abin da darajar da aka ba hanya.

Alal misali, hanya R258 "Baikal" mikawa daga Irkutsk a Chita, wani ɓangare na Asian hanya AN6 Belarus - Busan (Jamhuriyar Korea). Hakazalika M10 karauka St. Petersburg - Moscow (wani sunan ga hanya - "Rasha") shi ne bangare na Asiya da karauka AH8 Finland - Iran da kuma a lokaci guda ɓangare na Turai hanya E105 Kirkenes (Norway) - Yalta.

gina hanyoyi

Daga cikin hanyoyi kunshe a cikin jerin Rasha ta tarayya hanyoyi, daya kadai da ake gina a lokacin - M11 St. Petersburg - Moscow. Its main aiki zai zama don rage da ya kwarara daga motocin daga kan hanya M10 "Rasha", wanda gudanar kusan layi daya da kuma ta haɗu da biyu Rasha manya. A cikin wannan shirin, wasu yankunan na sabon high-gudun line za a biya. A 2014, na farko sashe na hanya da aka bude ga direbobi. Tun da farko an shirya cewa babbar hanya, zã a cika sa a cikin aiki a 2018, amma saboda da ya zo da tattalin arziki da rikicin a kasar kamar yadda zai yiwu iya muhimmanci motsa.

Bugu da kari, akwai wani yawan sha'awa ayyukan, wanda, idan aiwatar, dã sun samu matsayi na tarayya karauka. Amma a wannan lokacin su ne kawai a ra'ayin mataki.

hanya yanayin

Ya kamata a lura da cewa mafi yawan tarayya hanyoyi ne m shafi. Amma ga waƙoƙi, wanda suke ƙarƙashin ikon yankunan da mutum municipalities, hãlãyensu ne sosai daban-daban. A duk ya dogara a kan abin da na Rasha suna located, da kuma yadda da yawa kudi domin su gyara da kuma maido iya ware kananan hukumomi.

Hakika, a cikin Rasha Federation, da yawa na gida hanyoyi ne a fairly mai kyau yanayin, amma akwai wani isasshen yawan runs, da matsayi na wanda shi ne catastrophic, bukata nan da nan gyara masana'anta.

Management of tarayya hanyõyi,

tarayya hanya management aka wakkala a kafadu na jihar kamfanin "Road Service" ko kamar yadda in ba haka ba shi ne ake kira, Tarayyar Road Agency. Wannan kamfanin da aka kafa a 2004, kuma shi ne kai tsaye ƙarƙashin ma'aikatar sufuri na Rasha Federation. Daga shekarar 2012 zuwa yanzu lokaci shi ne shugaban Roman Viktorovich Staroviyt. "Rosavtodor" bincika ingancin tarayya hanyoyi da kuma daukan yanke shawara a kan gyara, idan ya cancanta. A kamfanin na shirin jadawali na gyare-gyare na hanyoyi.

Bugu da kari, a shekarar 2009, an kafa ta jihar kungiyar "Rasha Hanyoyi", da shugaban da yake S. V. Kelbah. Da gudanar da shiri da aka canjawa wuri zuwa da M1, M3 da M4.

Ma'ana tarayya hanyoyi

Yana da wuya a overestimate muhimmancin da ga kai tsarin na kasar ne Rasha tarayya hanyoyi. Jerin gabatar a baya ya nuna cewa sun sa tare da mafi muhimmanci ga Rasha Federation yawan cibiyoyin da kuma sadarwa. Saboda haka da muhimmanci sosai ga samar da su abun ciki a cikin wani m tsari, da hana barna, da ta dace rarraba zirga-zirga.

Bugu da ƙari, domin inganta da ya kwarara daga hanya kai, ya zama ya gina mafi yawan manyan tarayya hanya, da gina wanda na iya faruwa a nan gaba.