Shekara na Gorbachev - gazawar ko nasara?

A zamanin mulkin Mikhail Gorbachev yiwuwa yaba kadan daga baya, lokacin da zargin a cikin fall na Tarayyar Soviet Mataki na ajiye da kuma takaita da ayyukan za a kyan gani, ta hanyar da Prism na jihar, jama'a, ba masu zaman kansu da kare muradunta. A wannan taƙaitaccen review za mu dubi tsohon shugaban Tarayyar Soviet daga wannan ra'ayi, amma a lokaci guda fahimci abin da yake daidai, Mikhail Sergeyevich, da kuma inda akwai wani m kuskure, wanda ya kai ga irin wannan mummunan da kuma tsaka tsaki ji wannan, ba shakka, an yi fice hali.

Amma da farko muna bukatar mu ce 'yan kalmomi game da mutum. Gorbachev, a zamanin mulkin wanda da dama a kan na biyu da rabi daga cikin 80s, a kansa wakiltar wani samfurin na masanan basu ji dadin a cikin Soviet gwamnatin classic Soviet kwaminis. Ya gaske ĩmãni da tsarki na Bolshevik gwamnati na Lenin pans, da gaske shi ne mai tsarkake anti-Stalinist da gaske imani da cewa Brezhnev zamanin - wannan shi ne zamanin da stagnation, rashin iyawa don ci gaba da bunkasa, zamantakewa da siyasa tarnaki. Saboda haka, sanannen Afrilu theses a shekarar 1985 ya wakilci wani irin furucin da sabuwar jam'iyyar ta Hakika, wanda, a ka'idar, kamata samar da deconstruction tatsuniyoyinsu rabu amfani Soviet jihar na'ura. Duk da haka, wannan da aka ba yi.

Haka kuma, a watan Mayu na wannan shekara biyu m nufi aka ayyana. A tattalin arzikin - mayar da hankali a kan hanzari, ba goyon baya har ta m matakai da kuma gyara shirin. Ko a cikin halin kirki Sphere, ko a cikin wannan tattalin arzikin - farkon na anti-barasa yaƙin neman zaɓe. A sakamakon haka, tun da farko shekaru na Gorbachev ta sarautar, ya bayyana cewa zamanin canji da kuma a lokaci guda - saba yanke shawara. Duk da haka, da farko sakataren da CPSU kwamitin tsakiya a wani hankali, za mu iya fahimtar cewa manyan wata babbar kasa, an fahimci cewa wadannan canje-canje ne ba kawai ya cancanta, su ne wajibi, amma abin da yake da abin da ya kamata a wannan dabaru na mataki, ya zai fi yiwuwa sani ba.

Bugu da kari, ya zama dole a warware sosai daban-daban matsaloli: to pacify "haihuwa matsara" da cewa ya hana a sake fasalin tãra ku tawagar da kuma bayar da wani sabon zamantakewa kwangila al'umma. A sakamakon haka, a shekara daga baya ya zo "gidaje da kuma zamantakewa" jam'iyyar dashi, ta hanyar abin da mutane sun iya samun kyauta ga zaman kansa ikon mallakar (da bin doka da wannan matsayi da aka bayar daga baya) Apartments, na kewayen birni gidaje da mãkirci. Sai dai itace cewa kawai daga ra'ayi na sirri bukatun, shekaru na Gorbachev ta sarautar tabbatar da mafi m. Mutane samu damar yin aiki da kansu. Sa'an nan halatta ga m motsi, da dokar dai da shari'a tsarin halittar da hadin gwiwa Ventures da waje babban birnin kasar da kuma kasuwanci damar. Wa zai ce cewa shekaru na Gorbachev ta sarautar ta zama a banza? Wani abu shi ne cewa nepmen aka tilasta yin aiki a karkashin administrative iko da jam'iyyar rufin. Amma an wannan halin da ake ciki ya canza tun fundamentally?

Summer 1987 - shi ne lokacin da za a landmark. A gaskiya, daga wannan lokacin shi ya fara da m sake fasalin kudin. Gaskiya, 'yancin magana, manufofin da kwance damarar yaki, da saki da makaman nukiliya, da kawo "sanyi yaki", kuma a sanyata tattaunawa tare da duniya, ba kawai tare da West. A janye sojoji daga Afghanistan, fitowan madadin ciki na ɓangare dandamali, da Congress of Mutane ta wakilai, da ci gaba da zaman motsi da kuma aiwatar da harkokin siyasa, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki bukatar da hukumomin da - duk wadannan shekaru na Gorbachev ta mulki. A gaskiya, na biyu da rabi daga cikin 80s - wannan shi ne zamanin da zamantakewa rarrabuwa na nan Soviet jama'a, inda kowane kashi na wani kwararren kungiyar, aji, jama'a bukatun su zauna a cikin bege cewa maslahar su za a bayyana, kuma duk 'yan ƙasa za su yi kai tsaye damar zuwa tasiri gwamnati mafita.

Kuma na karshe. Shekara na Gorbachev - mai gyaran repressed ƙarni na 20-50-ies. Generation, wanda "sa" da juyin juya halin da kuma kokarin gyara kurakurai wanda Gorbachev. Duk da haka, da yawa shi ne zai yiwu a yi ba tare da jam'iyyar, jihar na'ura da kuma a cikin akai positional fadace-fadace tare da gwamnatin, wanda ya zama alama naku, sa'an nan mutanen da ka ba zabi. Babu kai tsaye halaccinta, watakila, shi ne cewa babban dalilin saboda abin da gyara da manufofin da aka kusan gama kasa.