A karshe kwakwalwa: sifa da aiki

Manyan (karshe) kwakwalwa a cikin shakka daga juyin halitta ya bayyana daga baya, fiye da sauran sassan. Its size da kuma nauyi muhimmanci fiye da sauran segments. A takarda za a gabatar wa photo. The mutum kwakwalwa da ake dangantawa da mafi hadaddun manifestations na ilimi da hankulansu aiki. Jiki yana da wani wajen hadaddun tsarin. Next, la'akari da tsarin da kwakwalwa da kuma ta karshe manufofin.

tsarin

A abun da ke ciki na bayar da rahoto sashen hada biyu manyan segments. forebrain yammancin duniya da alaka da juna ta hanyar da ayyukan marubuta callosum. Tsakanin wadannan segments kuma gwada adhesions: baka, raya da kuma gaban. Idan akai la'akari da tsarin da karshen-kwakwalwa, ya kamata ka kula da rami a wannan sashen. Su samar da kaikaice ventricles: hagu da dama. Kowace daga cikinsu aka located a cikin daidai kashi. Daya daga cikin na ramin zuciya ganuwar kafa m bangare.

segments

Hemisphere ta rufe saman ɓawon burodi. Wannan launin toka al'amari Layer, wanda aka kafa ta neurons 50 jinsunan. A karkashin ɓawon burodi shirya farin m. Ya kunshi myelinated zaruruwa. Mafi yawansu ba su haɗu da bawo tare da sauran kwakwalwa cibiyoyin da kuma sassan. A cikin fari al'amari akwai gungu na launin toka - muhimmi ganglia. By da hemispheres na kwakwalwa kara da thalamus increments. Don delimit segments na thalamus matsakaici Layer na fari al'amari katin kira ciki kwantena. Hemispheric rabu da juna ta tsaye slits. A kowane sashi akwai uku surface - ƙananan, a kaikaice da kuma tsakiya - da kuma yadda da yawa gefuna: na boko, occipital da frontal.

Alkyabbar surface kashi

A kowane sashi, wannan bangare na kwakwalwa ne zuwa kashi sulusi da murabba'i da zurfin fissures da crevices. Primary nufin da m samuwar jiki. Suna kafa a cikin tayi mataki (watanni biyar). The most hada tsaye ramummuka (shared segments) da kuma mai gangara (rarrabe cerebellum daga occipital lobe). Secondary da kuma musamman - harkokin ilmin manyan makarantu da aka ƙaddara da mutum segments na taimako (ya za a iya gani a cikin hoto). The mutum kwakwalwa da aka raya, ba kawai a cikin prenatal lokacin. Alal misali, na biyu kuma manyan GROOVES aka kafa don 7-8 shekaru bayan haihuwa. The taimako, wanda yana da karshe igiyar, da wuri daga cikin m Tsarin da manyan gyri mafi yawan mutane suna kama. Kowane sashi ne ware da shida sassa: da limbic, insula, boko, occipital, parietal da frontal.

kaikaice surface

Telencephalon a cikin wannan yanki ya hada rolandovu (tsakiyar) kwarin kunya. Tare da shi raba parietal da frontal lobes. Har ila yau ba a farfajiya na Sylvius (a kaikaice) kwarin kunya. Ta hanyar ta parietal da frontal lobes rabu da na boko. Kamar yadda anteroinferior iyakar occipital yankin hidima kirkiran line. Yana kara daga sama baki na parietal-occipital sulcus. The line ne zuwa ga ƙananan ƙarshen yammancin duniya. Island (insula) ya rufe wuraren da na boko, parietal da frontal yankuna. Shi ya ta'allaka ne a kaikaice tsagi (zurfin). Kusa da ayyukan marubuta callosum a gefen tsakiyar na limbic rabo ne located. An ware daga sauran yankunan da bel tsagi.

Brain: tiyata. frontal lobe

Yana dauke da wadannan abubuwa:

• Prednetsentralnaya kwarin kunya. A wannan sunan gyrus dake tsakanin shi da kuma tsakiyar sako.
• Frontal sulcus (manya da ƙananan). A farko zuwa kashi uku da zones: sararin samaniya (orbital), triangular (triangular) opercular (pokryshkovuyu). Tsakanin GROOVES karya frontal gyrus: babba, m kuma tsakiyar.
• Takamaiman gaban kwarin kunya da kuma hawa reshe.
• Tsakiya frontal gyrus. An rabu da limbic cingulate sulcus.
• Plot cingulate.
• A orbital kuma olfactory sulcus. Suna located a kan ƙananan gefe a cikin frontal lobe. A olfactory sulcus ya ta'allaka ne da wannan sunan abubuwa: da kwan fitila, da alwatika da fili.
• Direct gyrus. Yana wuce tsakanin tsakiya ƙarshen yammancin duniya da kuma olfactory sulcus.

Anterior Kakakin na kaikaice ventricle yayi dace da frontal lobe.

Ɗawainiya cortical yankunan

Idan akai la'akari da karshe kwakwalwa tsarin da kuma ayyukan da wannan jiki, shi wajibi ne don bayani dalla-dalla a kan aiki na sassan na frontal lobe:

• Perednetsentralnaya gyrus. Ga akwai cortical tsakiya na mota analyzer, ko kinesthetic cibiyar. A wannan sashi shiga wani adadin afferent zaruruwa daga thalamus. Sun kawo proprioceptive bayanai daga gidajen abinci da kuma tsokoki. A wannan yankin, za a fara saukowa zuwa ga laka da akwati. Su samar da wata damar fahimta da tsari na ƙungiyoyi. Idan karshen-kwakwalwa za a lalace a wannan yanki, akwai zo da wani inna daga cikin kishiyar sashi na jiki.
• A na baya uku na tsakiya frontal gyrus a. A nan ne cibiyar da jadawali (wasika) da kuma associative haruffa yankin.
• A na baya uku na ƙananan frontal gyrus. Wannan yanki ne da cibiyar-Speech.
• A talakawan da gaban uku na talakawan, manya da ƙananan ɓangare na frontal gyrus. A wannan yanki ya ta'allaka ne da agara cortical associative yankin. Yana daukawa daban-daban shirye-shirye na hadaddun halayya siffofin. A sashi na tsakiya frontal gyrus da frontal iyakacin duniya hade da tsari na emotiogenic shafukan kunshe a cikin limbic tsarin. Wannan yanki da dangantaka da iko da Psycho-wani tunanin bango.
• Anterior frontal gyrus talakawan. Akwai sashi na hada juyawa da idanu da kuma shugaban.

parietal lobe

Yana yayi dace da tsakiyar yankin na kaikaice ventricle. Telencephalon a cikin wannan yanki ya hada postcentral gyrus da kwarin kunya parietal lobule - saman da kasa. Bayan da parietal lobe wuce precuneus. A tsarin kuma gabatar interparietal kwarin kunya. A cikin ƙananan yankin located gyrus - kusurwa da kuma supramarginal da paracentral rabo yanka.

Ɗawainiya cortical yankunan a cikin parietal lobe

Kwatanta matuƙar kwakwalwa sifa da aiki da wannan tsarin ya kamata a kasaftawa zuwa cibiyoyin kamar:

• Front tsinkaya sauran ji na ƙwarai. Wannan cibiyar ne a fata analyzer da kuma ƙaddamar da haushi postcentral gyrus.
• Tsinkaya jiki kewaye sashe. Yana yayi dace da gefen intraparietal sulcus.
• Hade sashen "stereognosis". Ya aka wakilta kwaya analyzer (fata) fitarwa daga abubuwa a palpation. Wannan cibiyar yayi dace da babba ɓawon burodi na parietal lobes.
• Hade sashen "Prax." A cibiyar aikin da aiki na nazarin da saba m ƙungiyoyi. Yana yayi dace da bawo supramarginal gyrus.
• Associative magana Tantancewar rabu wakiltar haruffa analyzer - tsakiyar Alamu. Wannan sashi yayi dace da kusurwa gyrus na bawo.

Brain: tiyata. boko lobe

A ranar da a kaikaice gefen karya biyu GROOVES: ƙananan kuma babba. Su, tare da kaikaice da iyaka gyrus. A kasa surface na boko lobe bayyana iyaka da ya raba shi daga baya, shi ne ba ya nan. Around da lingual gyrus ne occipitotemporal. Daga sama da shi yana da iyaka zuwa na biyu sulcus limbic yankin, da kuma a kaikaice - boko occipital. A rabo yayi dace da ƙananan Kakakin na kaikaice ventricle.

Ɗawainiya cortical yankunan a cikin boko lobe

• A tsakiyar rabo daga sama convolutions a kan ta sama gefe, aka raba cortical auditory analyzer. A na baya uku na gyrus hada da auditory jawabin yankin. A hali na rauni a yankin na magana kalmomi ana riskarsa kamar amo.
• Ƙananan kuma tsakiyar yankin na convolutions ƙunshi cortical cibiyar na vestibular analyzer. Idan akwai karya karshe aiki na kwakwalwa, rasa ikon kula da sikẽli alhãli kuwa a tsaye, don rage ji na ƙwarai daga vestibular na'ura.

tsibirin

Wannan rabo an iyakance shi a kaikaice da circumferential tsagi. Mai yiwuwa a cikin wannan yankin na kwakwalwa aiki aka nuna a cikin bincike na gustatory kuma olfactory majiyai. Bugu da kari, a fannin matsalar ne iya hada auditory magana ji da somatosensory bayanai aiki.

limbic rabo

Wannan yanki ne located on da tsakiya surface na cerebral hemispheres. Ya qunshi bel, parahippocampal da dentate gyrus, da Isthmus. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na rabo da kan iyakoki na umurni sulcus na tarin rubuce-rubuce callosum. Ta, nitsewa, motsa a cikin lungu na hippocampus. A karkashin wannan tsagi, bi da bi, a nizhnerogovoy rami na kaikaice ventricle ne gyrus. A saman sako a cikin tarin rubuce-rubuce callosum ta'allaka da wani iyaka. Wannan layi - bel tsagi - rarrabe cingulate gyrus, raba da parietal da frontal lobes na limbic. Tare da Isthmus cingulate shiga parahippocampal. A karshen ƙare da ƙugiya.

sashen manufofin

Parahippocampal da cingulate labarta kai tsaye zuwa cikin limbic tsarin. kwakwalwa aiki a wannan yanki suna da alaka da iko da hadaddun Psycho-wani tunanin, halayya da autonomic martani ga samuwar kasashe da muhalli. Parahippocampal yankin da kuma ƙugiya hada cortical yankin na olfactory da gustatory analyzer. A wannan yanayin, da hippocampus ake dangantawa da ikon koyi, shi kayyade sunadaran da tsawon lokaci, da gajere memory.

occipital yankin

A ranar da a kaikaice gefen ta'allaka mai gangara kwarin kunya. Da tsakiya ɓangare na sandan akwai. Bayan da iyaka calcarine, da kuma a gaban - da parietal-occipital sulcus. Har ila yau a da tsakiya rabo daga kasaftawa lingual gyrus. Daga sama da shi yana da iyaka calcarine, da kuma kasa - tabbaci sulcus. Occipital lobe yayi dace da na baya Kakakin na kaikaice ventricle.

Sashen occipital yankin

A wannan yankin, ya zama ruwan dare cibiyoyin kamar:

• Kayayyakin aikin shirya. Wannan kashi ne dake cikin bawo, wanda ya takaita calcarine kwarin kunya.
• Associative ido. A cibiyar ana located in dorsal rabo daga bawo.

fari al'amarin

An wakilci a cikin nau'i na da yawa zaruruwa. Sun kasu kashi uku kungiyoyin:

• Tsinkaya. Wannan category ne wakilta daure na efferent da afferent zaruruwa. Ta hanyar su akwai wata mahada tsakanin tsinkaya cibiyoyin kuma muhimmi tushe da kuma kashin baya nuclei.
• Associative. Wadannan zaruruwa samar da wani fili na cortical shafukan cikin guda yammancin duniya. Sun kasu kashi takaice da kuma dogon.
• Commissural. Wadannan abubuwa su ɗaure cortical zone gaban hemispheres. Commissural tsarin ne: Tsarin ayyukan marubuta callosum, agara commissure da na baya commissure da vault.

ɓawon burodi

Its main kashi kunshi da neocortex. Wannan "sabon haushi", wanda yake shi ne mafi filogeneticheki marigayi kwakwalwa samuwar. Neocortex daukan up game da 95,9% daga cikin farfajiya. Saura daga cikin kwakwalwa ya bayyana a matsayin:

• Tsohon haushi - arhiokorteksa. An located in da na boko lobe kira Amon ƙaho, ko da hippocampus.
• Ancient ɓawon burodi - paleocortex. Wannan samuwar bautarka yankin a cikin frontal lobe kusa da olfactory kwan fitila.
• Mezokorteksa. Wannan shi ne wani karamin yanki dab paleocortex.

Haihuwa da kuma zamanin da ɓawon burodi a vertabrate bayyana a baya fiye da wasu. Wadannan tsarin ne in mun gwada m ciki tsari.