A kan abin da kogin daraja Khabarovsk? Khabarovsk, Amur River

Khabarovsk - daya daga cikin manyan biranen a cikin Far East. An ayi a kan Sredneamurskaya Shefela. A kan abin da kogin daraja Khabarovsk? Hakika, har zuwa babban kogin - Amur. Gudana partially tare kan iyaka tsakanin jihohin biyu, wannan kogi a Khabarovsk Krai lullube ga dubban kilomita, da kuma ta wurin waha aka located a kan ƙasa na jihohi uku.

Khabarovsk

Khabarovsk - da mafi girma a birnin a cikin Rasha Far East. Bugu da kari, shi ne administrative cibiyar na Far Eastern Tarayya District. River a birnin Khabarovsk (Cupid) ya raba shi daga Sin. Don samun a kasar Sin, za ka iya yi amfani da kogin kai. A motor jirgin zai cece to mafi kusa gari a kasar Sin.

Asalin sunan Amur River

River sunan zo ko dai daga Tunguska "amor", wanda fassara nufin "mai kyau duniya". Ko daga Nivkh kalmar "Damour", wanda yake nufin "babban kogi." Wannan kwafi sunan jera ya amsa wannan tambaya, ta yaya da kogin gudana a Khabarovsk. Cupid gaske m. Sauran mutanen da suke zaune a kan riverbanks, kira shi daban. Saboda haka, misali, Mongolian sunan "Hara dakiki" na nufin "black ruwa", da kuma a kasar Sin Cupid kira ko dai "Heihe" ko "Heilongjiang", wanda fassara a matsayin, bi da bi, da Black River ko Black Dragon River.

Tare da na karshe suna hade kyau Sin labari cewa mai kyau baki dragon nasara mugunta fari (ga kasar Sin baki zai fi dacewa fari). White Dragon jirgin ruwan nutsar da hasãra masu rai, wanda ya sa aka yi wa azãba. Tun daga nan, da Black Dragon rayu, bisa labari, a yankin Khingansky kumatunta.

Wanne kogin gudana a Khabarovsk

Cupid - shi ne mafi girma kogin a cikin dukan Far East. Wannan kogin gudana a Khabarovsk, Blagoveshchensk da Komsomolsk-on-Amur. The most of ta aikin gandu ne Bureya, Zeya, kuma partially gudãna ta cikin yankunan kasar Sin da Ussuri da Sungari. Bugu da kari, babban aikin gandu hada Anuy, Gorin, Amgun, Gur, Argun, da sauransu. A catchment yankin na Far East wannan m kogin ne fiye da biyu murabba'in kilomita miliyan. A magudana ne 11 dubu. Cubic mita. m. per second. Daga cikin manyan ruwa kõguna na Rasha Federation, Amur (kogi a Khabarovsk Krai) daukan girman kai a karo na hudu wuri, bayan da dabino kawai don irin wannan Refayawa matsayin Lena, Yenisey, Likitan mata.

Wannan kogin da aka kafa ta mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Shilka da Argun koguna, gudana ta ƙasar Far East baki zuwa mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Gulf of Sakhalin. Idan muka ɗauka cewa da tsawon kogin daga mahaɗar tsakãninsu da bakinka, ka samu 2800 km. Tare da Shilka wannan shi ne tsayin 4.5 kb. Km. Wannan shi ne duk da cewa kusan dubu uku kilomita na tashar na Amur River ne a jihar iyaka tsakanin Rasha da kuma China.

Matsakaicin nisa daga cikin kogin da aka gani a kauyen Troitskaya (5 kilomita) da kuma cikin mafi girma da zurfin - a kogin site kusa Cape Tyrsky (56 mita).

tsarin karba-karba

A talakawan gangara na kogin ne 0,11%. A lokaci guda, da yanayin da ya kwarara dabam ƙwarai dangane da yankin na yayyo. Akwai uku main sassa na Amur River: da babba, na tsakiya da kuma ƙananan.

A na sama ne yankin na mahaɗar tsakãninsu biyu na gudãna (Shilki da Argun) zuwa Blagoveshensk. 900 kilomita na kogin, raini da tsakanin cliffs da ridges Nyukzha kakar na Greater Hinggan da wani babban kudi na kwarara.

A tsakiyar rabon aka dauke su yanke daga Blagoveshchensk zuwa Khabarovsk, game da dubu kilomita tsawo, ta Tsakiya Amur sannu a hankali daukawa ruwanta a wide kwarin. Ya lura da sassan da aka raba da dama ducts (ma ake magana a kai a matsayin fashi a). Amur gaci a wannan ɓangare na low, marshy wurare. Ga Kananan Khingan River ruwa tattara a cikin daya iko tashar.

Ƙananan ɓangare na Amur da tsawon game da 950 kilomita daga Khabarovsk gudana zuwa ga bakinsa. Ina ƙare Khabarovsk, Amur River gudanar tare da m Lower Amur kwaruruka, inda akwai da yawa oxbow tabkuna da tabkuna. A wannan sashe na kogin an haɗa da tashoshin da dama manyan tabkuna. Shi ne kuma Amur estuary - karfi da ci-gaba estuarine rabo daga cikin ƙananan Amur.

Flora da fauna

Animal Cupid duniya ne musamman bambancin. Ruwa da kuma gabar teku Marshes suna da muhimmanci yankunan haifuwa na da yawa jinsunan kifaye, kazalika da wani gagarumin rabo daga hijirarsa da dama tsuntsaye a yankin. Alal misali, cikin gida game da 95% a yankin na kogin fari shamuwa, 65% da kuma 50% na Japan Dahur cranes.

A catchment yankin na gida 400 jinsunan tsuntsaye, akwai game da 70 jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa, 130 jinsunan ruwa tare kifi, kuma akwai fiye da dubu biyar jinsunan shuke-shuke. Daga cikin wadan jinsunan da Amur River kamata a lura da jinsin kamar sanannen Amur damisar da Kaluga (ruwa tare kifi, da nauyi na wanda za wuce ton!).

The most taimako ga Far East na kogin a cikin duniyar tamu ta rabe-raben ne babban. Isar da shi a ce wannan shi ne daya daga cikin uku mafi girma a kogunan duniya, ba gagare ta dams.

matsalolin muhalli

A kan abin da kogin daraja Khabarovsk da kuma wasu birane a Eastern Siberia? Wannan duniya-sanannen Amur River. Duk da haka, mataki na gurbatawa dogara sun fi mayar a kan muhalli yanayin ƙasa. Cupid ya fuskanci tsanani muhalli matsaloli a 'yan shekarun nan. Babban dalilin - da densely populated yankunan kasar Sin tare da kogin Ussuri da Sungari. Wannan yankin ne zuwa gida game da 100 miliyan. Mutane, wanda ba zai iya shafar karu a kifi alƙarya, dabbobi da kuma rage kewayon da mazauninsu. A banbanci a kan yanayi da masana'antu sharar gida dakatar daga duka biyu da Rasha da kuma, musamman, a kan Sin gefe. Mummunan tasiri a kan hydrological tsarin mulki na ruwa jiki da samar da wutar lantarki shuka a kan Zeya, Bureya, Sungari. Hakika, idan muka yi la'akari da, a kan wani kogi daraja Khabarovsk da kuma sauran birane na Far East, matsalar dole ne dole a iya warware ko ta yaya.

ruwa gwamnatin

Babban taimako zuwa cikin ruwa balance na kogin sa da ruwan sama a lokacin bazara ruwa sama sosai. Rabo tara ruwan sama ya kai 70%, yayin da gudunmawar daga snow da yawa fiye da suna fadin iko. A dalilin wannan ne winters da kadan snow, hali na yankin. Wadannan yanayin sigogi ayyana irin wannan fasali da kuma ruwa yanayin, ceton biyu high da kuma low spring komowar ruwa da kuma low ruwa lokaci (da karami kogin matakin), a lokacin hunturu.

Amur freezes a farkon watan Nuwamba, da waɗansu kõguna bude kawai a karshen watan Afrilu. Saboda haka, an rufe da kankara ga fiye da 170 days.

hawa da sauka a cikin matakin

A mafi ruwa matakin lura a cikin lokaci daga watan Yuli zuwa watan Agusta, sau da yawa dauka da hali na haƙi ambaliyar (mafi catastrophic rubuce a cikin 1928, lokacin da bazara ambaliyar Amur sa babbar asarar da kasa tattalin arzikin). A yankunan tsakiyar da kuma ƙananan sassa na Far East na kogin spills na har zuwa 25 kilomita!

Amur matakin hawa da sauka a cikin sama da kuma tsakiyar sassa isa 15 mita, yayin da ƙananan part - 7 mita. Bakin matakin shakka shi ne da yawa m, kai 2.6 m, amma a lokacin da kankara gantali saboda hawa da sauka a cikin cunkoso iya isa 15 mita.

hydroengineering yaki

A cikin karni na ƙarshe, da tsari na halitta miƙa mulki na Far East na kogin a cikin wani sabon tashar. A wannan batun, a farkon karni na XXI Sin masana ayyuka da aka dauka, wanda sa babba lalacewar da Rasha gefe. Magina daga kasar Sin da aka gina da yawa kilomita na dikes, kuma Ya ƙarfafã dama banki na Amur. Saboda wannan dalili, unprotected hagu banki ne eroded, wanda ya razana halakar da dama kauyuka da kuma ko da m halakar da Khabarovsk gada. Saboda haka wajibi ne a warware matsalar, ba a kan wani kogi daraja Khabarovsk. Kuma shi ne babban da kuma unpredictable.

Rasha hydrologists a wannan batun, suna kara ƙararrawa. Aggravated halin da ake ciki da kuma ta da cewa a sakamakon yankin Rasha-China da yarjejeniyar da yawan na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa Tsarin kan wani ɓangare na Rasha Federation tafi kasar Sin, kuma idan kasar Sin yanke shawarar da ya hallaka su ba, da aiwatar da ambaliyar ruwa za ta kara.