A ilimin Halittar Jiki tsarin da mutum dubura

Dubura - ne karshe ɓangare na hanji, ta hanyar da jiki jefa wani stool (ie, saurã daga abinci sharar gida).

A tsarin da mutum dubura

Dubura iyaka sphincters wanda aka kafa tsokoki. Irin wannan tsoka zobba da ake bukata don sarrafa bude da kuma rufe daga cikin dubura. A cikin jikin mutum, biyu daga anorectal sphincter:

• Inner kunshi kauri m tsoka daga cikin dubura da kuma ba batun sani. ta tsawon ne daga rabi zuwa uku da rabi santimita.
• External kunshi striated tsoka da kuma sarrafawa da sani. Its tsawon dabam daga biyu zuwa biyar da rabi santimita.

Ya ƙare dubura tsuliya gefe, wanda shi ne mai kaifi miƙa mulki squamous mucosa rufi da distal anorectal canal a cikin fata rufe da crotch. A fata a tsuliya yanki yawanci a kan wani pigmented (Ina nufin wani duhu launi) da kuma wrinkled saboda gaban na waje sphincter.

A cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da dubura da aka located mafi dorsally fiye da a manya, kamar ashirin millimeters daga coccyx. A diamita na dubura, shi ne yawanci uku zuwa shida santimita, da kuma tashar tsawon jeri daga uku zuwa biyar santimita. Bugu da kari ga sphincter, a cikin rectal rufe na'ura hada da tsokoki da girãgizai dubura da kuma tsokoki na pelvic diaphragm.

A tsarin da dubura za a iya kashi uku:

1. Mucous a wannan sashe da aka bayar tare da tsaye folds, tsakanin wanda aka samu crypts (tsuliya sinuses), inda ramin suna located tsuliya gland.
2. Area rufe multilayer lebur epithelium.
3. Wannan multilayer mai rufi rabu keratinized squamous epithelium da aka bayar tare da m sebaceous da sunadarin gumi da kuma gashi.

Dubura da kuma dubura ya ɓullo da Sistem cibiyar sadarwa, kazalika da yawa jijiya endings, kyale gangan jinkirta da aiki na defecation, kuma shi ne sau da yawa a cikin hanyar neurogenic maƙarƙashiya.

A topography na dubura

Tsarin cewa kai tsaye hulɗa tare da tsuliya canal, - wani rectal ampoule da sigmoid ciwon. A tsuliya canal aka located a cikin perineum. Gaban dubura ne m ga seminal vesicles, vas deferens ampoules, mafitsara da prostate gland shine yake a cikin maza. Mata ma suna located a gaban farji da kuma cikin mahaifa. Channel terminates dubura. Bayan da waje sphincter amfani anococcygeal jijiya ne a haɗe zuwa coccyx.

A crotch yankin a baya da kuma a kan sasanninta, dubura shirya guda biyu ischiorectal rami ciwon Prism siffar da kuma cika da m nama, wanda gwada jijiyoyi da jini. A wani frontal bangaranci ramukan da siffar triangles. A kaikaice garun rami kafa obturator tsoka da ischial tuberosity (ciki surface), da tsakiya - da kuma waje sphincter tsoka wanda kiwata dubura. The raya bango na rami kafa coccygeal tsoka da ta raya bim cewa kiwata dubura da kuma gaban - mai gangara perineal tsokoki. Adipose nama, wanda aka located a cikin kogo ischiorectal rami, ya yi aikin aiki na wani na roba resilient matashi.

A tsarin da mace dubura

A cikin mace jiki dubura gaban ne m ga farji da kuma karshen ne rabu da bakin ciki Layer Denovile-Salishcheva. Saboda irin wannan tsarin fasali na dubura da kuma dubura in mata kamar yadda cututtuka da kuma neoplastic jamiái saukin shiga daga daya rami zuwa wani, wadda take kaiwa ga samuwar rectovaginal fitsari a sakamakon wani iri-iri na raunin da ya faru ko ruptures na perineum a lokacin haihuwa.

A tsarin da dubura in mata take kaiwa zuwa da siffar a cikin nau'i na wani lebur ko dan kadan protruding gaba ilimi. Kuma sunã sanyã wannan gaskiyar cewa a cikin tsari na isar shakata tsokoki na perineum da tsokoki da girãgizai dubura, rasa su ikon yi mu'ãmalar.

Features na dubura, a maza

A tsarin da namiji dubura yana da wasu bambance-bambance. Men (musamman murdede) dubura kama wani mazurari. A gaban bango na tsuliya canal ne m ga kwan fitila na mafitsara da kuma koli na prostate. Bugu da kari, da kauri daga cikin ciki sphincter maza fiye da mata.

The aiki na da dubura da kuma dubura

Dubura alhakin cire sharar abubuwa daga jiki. Bugu da kari, akwai faruwa wani ruwa sha. Saboda haka, ta dewatering kuma latsa tumbi da baya a cikin jiki ya koma game da hudu lita na ruwa kowace rana. Tare da ruwa sucked baya microelements. Rectal ampoule ne a tafki ga tumbi, wadda take kaiwa zuwa jari na hyperinflation hanji ganuwar kafa jijiya turu da kuma yadda sakamako na tura zuwa defecation (defecation).

Kuma yanzu da dubura ayyuka. Kasancewa a cikin wani m ƙarfin lantarki, ta sphincters sarrafa saki tumbi (defecation) da kuma gas fita daga hanji (flatulentsiyu).

Pathology dubura

• Maruran.
• Basur.
• Hernia.
• Daban-daban lahani mucosa (cysts, tsuliya fissures, ulcers).
• Kumburi tafiyar matakai (abscesses, ƙurji, proctitis, fistulas).
• Nakasar jihar (tsuliya atresia).

spasm na sphincter

A daidai da tsarin da dubura ne na hali manifestations na pathologies na hanji fili. Daga cikin mafi kowa bayyanar cututtuka na spasm na sphincter (external ko ciki), wanda shi ne mai zafi ko rashin jin daɗi a cikin dubura.

A Sanadin wannan yanayin ne:

• shafi tunanin mutum da kiwon lafiya da matsaloli;
• shafe tsawon maƙarƙashiya.
• kullum kumburi a yankin na ciki ko na waje sphincter.
• wuce kima innervation.

Haka tsawon emit:

• Tsawo spasm halin da ciwo mai tsanani da cewa ba ya ƙi liyafar Talakawa analgesics.
• Dõgẽwa spasms - kwatsam takaice dai kaifi zafi a cikin dubura, har ya zuwa pelvic gidajen abinci, ko tailbone.

Dangane da dalilin spasm iya zama:

• farko (saboda neurological matsaloli).
• sakandare (saboda matsaloli a cikin mafi Gut).

Bayyananen wannan alama ne:

• bayyanar zafi saboda danniya.
• stoped zafi a lokacin defecation ko ta amfani da dumi ruwa.
• M zafi da aka sarrafa a cikin dubura da kuma ba da coccyx, kafafuwa (perineum) ko ciki.

Ganewar asali pathological tafiyar matakai

• Lissafta tomography iya gane polyps da sauran mahaukaci samuwar.
• A biopsy da ake amfani da sanin da malignancy na ƙari tafiyar matakai.
• Anoscopy (rektomanoskopiya) da ake amfani da tantance jihar da dubura mucous kazalika ga shan biopsy abu.
• Anorectal manometry. A daidai da tsarin da dubura (duba hoto. Sama) ne da za'ayi ganewar asali na'ura tsoka (sphincter) dubura. Mafi yawan lokaci da tsuliya tsokoki ake maximally miƙa don sarrafa defecation da flatulentsiey. Don tamanin da biyar bisa dari na muhimmi sautin na tsuliya yin ciki tsuliya sphincter. A hali na kasa ko rashin daidaituwa tsakanin tsokoki na pelvic bene, kuma tsuliya sphincter tasowa diskheziya cewa bayyana wahala da defecation da maƙarƙashiya.
• Rectal jarrabawa. Wannan hanya ya bayyana hernia, prolapse na hanji, mahaifa, da basur, fistulas, fissures da kuma sauran cututtuka na dubura da kuma dubura.
• Amurka dubura. Bisa ga wannan binciken za mu iya ɗauka gaban marurai, domin sanin su location da kuma size, don gane basur da sauransu.

Rashin jin daɗi a cikin anorectal yankin

A ilimin Halittar Jiki tsarin da dubura ne cewa fata a cikin wannan yanki shi ne musamman m, kuma a cikin folds idan ba yarda da kiwon lafiya, m maƙarƙashiya ko zawo iya gidan kwayoyin cuta, wanda zai iya haifar da rashin jin daɗi, hangula, itching, wari da kuma zafi.

Don rage wadannan cututtuka da kuma su rigakafin ya kamata:

• Wanke dubura da kuma fata a kusa da shi da ruwa ba tare da sabulu (Malkisadik iya bushe fata da kuma, a sakamakon, kai ga ma fi girma unci). Wajibi ne a bayar da fifiko zuwa fesa "Kavilon" ko yin amfani da barasa free Yana shãfe (as bayan gida takarda hangula fata).
• A fata a tsuliya yanki dole su zama a bushe.
• Wajibi ne a samar da wani shãmaki zuwa danshi shigar azzakari cikin farji. Alal misali, shawarar da ake ji cream "Dimethicone" Halicci m film a kan fata a kewayen dubura.
• Amfani da pharmaceutical powders (msl, talc ko cornstarch). Su iya amfani da pre-tsabtace da kuma bushe fata.
• A amfani da yarwa lilin, ko danshi-mamaye gammaye.
• Da amfani da "breathable" tufafi da kuma tufafi daga halitta kayan free yanke cewa ba ƙuntata motsi.
• A taron na fecal incontinence, da zaran ka bukatar ka maye gurbin tufafi.

magani

Da nada wani musamman far dogara a kan yanayin cutar. Lokacin da spasm na sphincter sama duk kawar da dalilai da ya sa su. Bugu da kari, laxatives an sanya, antibacterials, anesthetics da spasmolytics a cikin nau'i na man shafawa / suppositories, kazalika da jiki far, lantarki, aikace-aikace, tausa, micro enema. Tare da ineffectiveness na ra'ayin mazan jiya magani ne da za'ayi m ayyukan.

Hemorrhoid magani ne da za'ayi amfani da musamman kyandirori da man shafawa, kazalika da m hanyoyin. Nakasar cuta (atresia na dubura) ne bukatar nan da nan tiyata. Marurai na dubura, bi da ta hade da radiation da jiyyar cutar sankara, kazalika da m kau na siffofin maruran. Fasa a cikin dubura yanki daidai daman a da musamman baho, rage cin abinci, warkar kyandirori, kuma creams, kazalika da surgically. Hernia da rectal prolapse kashe m hanyoyin.