A fice gine-gine da Monuments na St. Petersburg: jerin, description, photo

An yi fice magana da hadaddun - gine-gine da Monuments na St. Petersburg na kwarai alama na tarihi gari, duk da cewa shi ne matasa babban birnin kasar na duniya. Bambanta St. Petersburg ne da tunanin fitar yau da kullum janar gini, ban proportionality dukkan birane was da jituwa a cikin style polyphony a view of sosai low-key yanayi. Wannan al'amari, da kuma muhimmanci ga duniya na art da kuma gine-gine da Monuments na St. Petersburg.

Styles da master

Gine-gine a cikin birnin kamar yadda mutane da yawa kamar goma sha biyar daban-daban gine-gine styles, babban za a iya kira Baroque - Bitrus da Elizabeth, Classicism, Empire, eclectic, ta zamani, da kuma constructivism. Italian Baroque - da flowering lokacin absolutism - daga 16 zuwa 18 karni. Ga rinjãya hadaddun curvilinear, kuzarin kawo cikas, ƙawa da quirkiness. Zanen Monuments na St. Petersburg ne style ne sosai m.

Don Peter gine a Rasha da ake kira "Rasha alamu da"} unshi kuma sau da yawa tare da Byzantine hadisin a cikin shiri na cikin Haikali. Rasha Baroque - hadewar wadannan biyu styles. Duk da haka, Moscow da Bitrus Baroque bambanta ba kawai daga juna amma kuma zuwa mafi girma har - daga yammacin Turai. Idan muka kwatanta da gine-gine da Monuments na St. Petersburg ta Petrovsky epoch tsakiyar wani tsoho Italian ko Faransa birnin, za ka iya kaina tabbatar da wannan.

Bitrus Baroque

Tsar Peter yardar gayyata gine-ginen daga West, kuma a sakamakon da Jamus-Dutch-Italian-Faransa co-halittar wannan sabon abu tashi St. Petersburg style. A da Great Arewa War, zama gine-gine da aka giggina kusan overhauled, gaba daya makeshift itace da sauri.

Amma ko da daga baya akwai Tsarin cewa san mu Sahaban: da masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa, da tashar jiragen ruwa, da castle - tare da wani sauki, terse, kange kuma m gine halitta a karkashin gagarumin tasiri na Dutch da kuma Jamus.

Stucco, porticoes da colonnades ba, amma facades sun sau da yawa pediments, volutes, pilasters, da kuma rufin - spiers cewa ya jaddada duk tsaye da kuma a kwance kwatance. A cikin ginin da aka fi sau da yawa shirya tare da wani suite. Ko sa'an nan, da gine-gine da aka sanye take ja ruwa toilets da ruwan famfo.

misalai

Haikalin da kuma USAID gine da aka sauki, amma m kararrawa hasumiyar Bitrus da Bulus Cathedral, Saint Panteleimon coci, Bitrus da Bulus sansanin soja tare da Bitrus Gate, Summer Palace da Bitrus da Great, Menshikov Palace, goma sha biyu Collegia, Kikin majalisar na curiosities, Alexander Nevsky Lavra, Italiyanci fada a Kronstadt . The gine-ginen na lokaci: MG Zemtsov, Domenico Trezzini, A. Schluter, JB Leblon, G. Mattarnovi, JM Fontana.

Elizaveta Petrovna

Petra Velikogo 'yar ya da nisa daga mahaifinsa gini burinsu, amma duk ta zamanin su yi amfani da ra'ayoyin na yammacin Turai Baroque a cikin mafi tsarki tsari, saboda daular karkashin hannunta ya ji yunwa ƙawa, girmamãwa da kuma girma da. Zanen Monuments na St. Petersburg na 18th karni mafi fili faye hali overall style na gari. Ya ɗaukaka manyan Cathedrals, Ibada, mansions, manyan gidãje - duk da mafi ado zane-zane da kuma roba, tare da fadi da staircases ciki, tare da biyu tiers na windows da kuma babban dakuna na da dakuna.

A ciki na lokaci sun goyon whimsical, tare da wani yawa na sassaka, sassaka ado da patterned dabe da madubai. Karfafa Baroque launuka a hade tare da wani abun da ake sakawa domin. Yana ta koma ga gina biyar-domed majami'u, koma hadisin na sassaka gilded iconostasis da kuma Rasha haikali ado na Byzantine canons. Kuma yanzu baƙi za su iya shiga cikin ƙawa style, wanda aka adana gine-gine da Monuments na St. Petersburg.

A takaice game da iyayengijinsu, su kuma gine-gine

Wannan zamanin, na rawanin, ba shakka, Rastrelli, amma da suka yi aiki tare da kuma FS Argun, kuma SI Chevakinsky da AV Kvass da P. Trezzini da AF Whist. Ashirin da shekaru kafin 1760 Anichkov aka gina a cikin Elizabethan Baroque Stroganov da Vorontsov manyan gidãje, Smolny Cathedral, Catherine Palace a Tsarskoye Selo, da Winter Palace da kuma Great Peterhof, sojan ruwa Cathedral da yafi.

Ekaterina Velikaya

A na gaba ashirin da shekaru, da St. Petersburg yi tafi ƙarƙashin alama ta haskaka absolutism kuma a cikin style of farkon classicism. Gine-gine da aka samu harmonically umurni, tare da m ci gaban da sauki da kuma girma a lokaci guda - a matsayin kasuwanci katin m kasar.

Alamun - zamanin d domin, monumentality, kamewa, duk abin da aka sa a cikin wani na gargajiya-style gine-gine gine-gine da Monuments na St. Petersburg. Photo bayanin zai taimaka bambance da farkon classicism na da sauran iri.

Gine-gine a style of farkon classicism

A halin yanzu Administration Building RGPU a kan Moika - tsohon fadar Count Razumovsky, suka gina AF Kokorinov da JB Vallin de la Mothe, ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko farkon-gargajiya-style ginin. Its gine ne a bayyane abubuwa na Corinthian da ionic umarni, reliefs, gidan kashe ahu, amma rinjayar da Baroque mafi m. Front yadi da monumental ƙofofin da high shinge ya jaddada da solemnity na ginin.

Zanen Monuments na St. Petersburg, wanda sigar musamman dogon jerin gabatar da kuma sauran halittun da wadannan talented artists. Yana Repin Institute a kan University Embankment, 17, kuma a farkon akwai da na mallaka Academy of Fine Arts. St. Petersburg State University gininsa a kan waterfront, 9, baya - cikin akwati domin ball wasanni. Yusupov Palace. Vallin de la Mothe gina Rataye Aljanna, kuma da Arewa babban tanti na Kananan hermitage. Yuri Felten, dalibi Rastrelli gina wata makaranta ga 'yan mata Bafilisten, Manyan hermitage, da Armenian Church, da Lutheran Church a Vasilyevsky Island da kuma coci na St. Anne a kan Kirochnaya, 8.

m classicism

Gaba daya bã tãre da siffofin Baroque gine-gine gina bayan 1780, kuma ya kamãta da Catherine classicism. Su tsananin bi gargajiya umarni na Vitruvius da Palladio - rectangular tsakaitã shimfidu, m yin amfani da arcades, colonnades, pediments, porticoes. A ciki an yi wa ado da kofe na tsoho sculptures da yawa abubuwa na zamanin d wayewar.

A majagaba na St. Petersburg style zama Cameron, a lokaci guda aiki VI Bazhenov, D. Kvarnegi, IE An haihuwa, NA Lions. Ayyukansu - jituwa da compositional cikawa, conciseness kuma proportionality siffofin. A daukan hankali misali - da Tauride Palace.

Pavlovsky classicism

Wannan biyar-shekara lokacin har zuwa 1801 ya gabatar da wani dan kadan romantic version of classicist gine-gine, wanda aka fili rinjayi da Gothic style. Wannan shi ne da farko Chesme Palace m YM Felten - triangular siffar da gothic abubuwa a cikin nau'i na turrets, toothed Lancet windows da parapets.

Zanen Monuments na St. Petersburg a bayansa da kuma kudancin Turai jinsunan Mikhailovsky Castle, inda tsarki classicism - shi ne babban da kuma kudu facades na ciki. Castle dubi mafadaci, da saƙon, nauyi cornices arewacin facade reminiscent na knightly kwalkwali.

Alexander ta classicism

A gada na Rasha Empire ya zama Alexander ta classicism, wanda sau da yawa gano tare da Empire style. Alexander Na kuma sau da yawa gayyace waje gine-ginen, musamman Faransa.

Saboda haka, ginin wannan lokaci rarrabe stringent Doric ko Tuscan umarni da nauyi ginshikan. Bayyana sphinxes da kuma sauran abubuwa na Masar Revival gine. Tsira m Lines, majestic, monumental images tare da sauki da kuma tsabta daga cikin silhouette.

Misalai na farko nada Empire

A wannan salon na St. Petersburg gine-gine Monuments wakilta Mining Cibiyar gininsa a kan Vasilyevsky Island, sanya daga zane A. Vorohnina. Da sarewa a kan wani Doric shafi musamman da kyau mu haskaka da style kama da zamanin d Ibada, da mutummutumai ta wata hanya Antaeus, Hercules da kuma Proserpina ne ba a can.

Ko da more shahara ayyukan wannan master - Kazan Cathedral. Sarkin sarakuna Paul, wanda aka yi nufi shi, ya so ya maimaita Vatican ta St. Bitrus, da kuma a wasu daki-daki, kama za a iya gani: a cikin sauran zane, mai iko tsakiyar Dome, a cikin elongated Basilica da in babu kararrawa hasumiya. Duk da haka dai, shi ne mai real ado na Nevsky Prospekt.

High classicism (Late)

Fiye da wani abu a cikin wannan salon aiki Tom de Thomon: ginin Bolshoi wasan kwaikwayo (da rashin alheri, akwai har yanzu ba gaba daya), da gida na Countess Laval sabon kasuwar hadaddun da da tofa na Vasilyevsky Island (rostral ginshikan, ma). Za ka iya tabbata cewa shi ne yadu spaced ginshikan kara wa Stock Exchange gini sarari da kuma jitu da abin da abun da ke ciki Nevsky Prostor. Kuma ginin kanta, da kuma rostral shafi ado da kamã da jũna sculptures.

A lokaci guda ya ɗaga majestic gini na Admiralty - alama ce ta gari a kan Neva River - da m AD Zakharov. Yana da aka kammala a baya yi, wanda shi ne kawai tsakiyar ɓangare daga cikin shahararrun spire m IK Korobov. Facades samun wani iri-iri, amma sosai rhythmic saboda da protruding porticoes da Tuscan ginshikan (af, a tsakiyar shafi ya kuma kasance ionic). Ta haka ne ya sahu gungu na majalisar dattijai, da kuma St. Ishaku Palace Square da kuma Alexander Aljanna. A lokaci guda, da m Quarenghi gina Smolny Institute - kuma a cikin high gargajiya style.

Rasha Empire

ÃyõyinSa na Rasha Empire - bikin nasara a kan Bonaparte: da na gargajiya domin tsarin da kuma guda dunkule bayyana commemorative ginshikan, nasara arches, gine kunshi more kuma mafi sculptures, gine-gine da ado da gaggafa, Laurel wreaths, makamai da sauran militaristic symbolism.

Mafi shahara Masters wannan shugabanci - VP Stas kuma KI Rossi. A karshen ne sosai gabagaɗi, ya canza da birane sarari, tun gina da Palace Square tare da ginin Gaba Staff, majalisar dattijai Square tare da majalisar Krista da majalisar dattijai, Alexandrinsky wasan kwaikwayo yankin. Zanen Monuments na St. Petersburg za ta gabatar da wani fi kyau hoto fiye da wani bayanin. The fiye da haka saboda su babbar dama ne kawai zai yiwu ba don bayyana a cikin sarari na daya short labarin.