ZIL-157: bayani dalla-dalla da kuma hotuna

"ZIL 157" (a hoto na mota aka gabatar a kan page), mai iko truck, wanda aka kerarre a cikin Soviet lokaci a cikin factory Likhachev, daga shekarar 1958 zuwa 1991. The inji yana da halaye na duk-dabaran drive duk-ƙasa abin hawa, sabili da haka da serial samar aka nufin tabbatar da truck na Armed Forces of Tarayyar Soviet. A wannan yanayin, wani adadin "ZIL 157" da aka yi amfani da kasa da tattalin arziki.

inganta

A shekarar 1961, tsarin da aka modified kuma samu index "ZIL 157K." A sabon version na mota da aka samar har 1978, sa'an nan ya koma ta samar da Ural Automobile Shuka (UAMZ), amma a karkashin sunan "ZIL 157KD". A sabon inji shi ne daban-daban daga baya inganta watsa, m guda Disc kama, mai kyau axial daidaita tare da ko da kaya rarraba da telescopic buga absorbers. Tuki yi na modified model ne ma inganta, cikin kudi ya karu daga 60 zuwa 65 kilomita awa. Updated version ya kasance samuwa ga wasu lokaci don labartawa ne, "Zil 157" wanda hotuna da aka ba da aka buga a ko'ina, aka classified a matsayin wani kayan aikin soji na lokaci.

The mota jiki ya da wani katako dandali rufe tsaye karfe gefuna da kare da abrasion. A allon tattara daga katako faranti, kauri 20 da nisa daga 80 millimeters. Don tsara ƙarfi tsaye gangara sanduna tsananta tare da karfe baka. Front kwamitin da aka saka fixedly da kuma gefen da kuma raya zauna, game da shi da cikakken bude dandali jiki. Saboda haka, loading da Ana saukewa na soja da kuma wani dukiyar da za'ayi sauƙi, kuma da sauri.

Daga cikin sojojin a cikin kasa tattalin arzikin

Car "ZIL 157KD" da aka samar har 1991, da kuma wasan kwaikwayon na mota ya canza ba, duk da fasaha sigogi da cikakken sadu da bukatun da aiki. Kuma tun bayan da sojoji suka fara samar da dukkan-ƙasa abin hawa a 1966 a shuka Likhachev "Zil 131", da wadata da na "ZIL 157KD" a cikin Armed Forces da Tarayyar Soviet partially tsaya. The inji aka ƙara amfani da injiniya, a cikin gama kai da kuma jihar gonaki da kuma gandunan daji. Abin dogara, unpretentious ƙasa abin hawa ya zama wani makawa kayan aiki a fannoni daban daban.

Model "ZIL 157B" tarakta ba tare da jiki, ya musamman m sufuri a gizo. Iko gogayya a yarda a yi amfani da na'ura na sufuri da na dogon rajistan ayyukan.

fasaha halaye

Sigogi na babban aka gyara da kuma majalisai, "Zil 157" ya gana da mafi bukatun na lokaci. Tun da na'ura da aka samar domin Soviet Army, domin ta samar bai hana kudi. Saboda haka, "Zil 157", da halaye na wanda ba bukatar da za a inganta, tattara a kan wani injin mai bel a wani classic hali, domin shekaru ba tare da canza fasaha.

Motar da aka sanye take da wani engine na talakawan iya aiki da kuma watsa tare da biyar drive shafts, daya daga wanda ya haɗu da dispensing naúrar da gearbox, biyu wofi juyawa daga cikin gaban da kuma tsakiyar axles. A hudu da na biyar cardan shaft haɗu da tsakiyar gada zuwa ga raya, ta hanyar wani tsaka-tsaki hali taron.

bas

Ƙafafun "Zil 157" yana mai zurfi matse directional, kusan kawar slippage. A karo na farko a cikin gida mota masana'antu a truck aka kafa paging tsarin don tsara hula matsa lamba. Punctures da kananan ramuka a cikin ƙafafun ba su shafi cikin Gudun na na'ura, da kwampreso ne ta atomatik pumped da ake bukata adadin iska rama domin rashin matsa lamba. Daga cikin direba ta wurin ma zai iya hada famfo inji.

Tayoyin "Zil 157", da sauransu, aka tsara don motsi a kan budurwa snow ko swampy yankunan. A saboda wannan dalili ya zama dole don rage matsin 0.7 atmospheres. Ƙafafun zaunar, su surface zama fadi. Bayan wucewa da kumshin rabo, da taya sake pumped up ga al'ada matsa lamba 2.8 atmospheres.

sanyaya tsarin

Silinda block "Zil 157" tare da "jacket" rufaffiyar irin. By zagawa da coolant madauki. Lagireto wani tubular tsarin, Fitted da a tsaye blinds. Shida-bladed fan dabaran samar da ƙarin sanyaya.

By sanyata disadvantages sanyaya tsarin "Zil 157" za a iya dangana a ji na ƙwarai engine low zazzabi. A debe 10 digiri yi amfani da musamman domin insulating shrouds for engine daki, tun da sanyaya tsarin ba ya goyon bayan da ake so zazzabi. Daga bisani, thermostat an kammala, amma housings har yanzu kunshe a cikin marufi na'ura.

Engine "Zil 157"

• Silinda iya aiki - 5559 cm / 3.
• irin - fetur, carburetor.
• Matsakaicin ikon - 109 HP.;
• Yawan cylinders - 6, a-line tsari.
• Silinda diamita - 101,6 mm;
• matsawa rabo - 6.2.
• sanyaya - maganin daskarewa.
• abu - baƙin ƙarfe Silinda block, Silinda shugaban aluminum.
• hudu - aiki.
• oda 1-5-3-6-2-4 na cylinders.
• makãmashin A-66, A-72.

watsa

Manual watsa, wani biyar-mataki:

• Model 151;
• canzawa - bene liba.

Kaya rabo:

• biyar kaya (mike) - 0,81;
• hudu kaya - 1,00;
• na uku kaya - 1,89;
• biyu kaya - 3.32;
• na farko canja wuri - 6.24;
• Baya - 6,70.

Rarraba akwatin, biyu-mataki:

Kaya rabo:

• na farko canja wuri - 2,44;
• biyu kaya - 1,24;
• babban watsa drive axles - guda, 6,67.

Girma da kuma nauyi halaye

• jimlar nauyi ne 10.190 kg.
• tsawon 6684 mm.
• tsawo: cika, tare da rumfa 2915 mm, ba tare da rumfa 2360 mm.
• 2315 mm nisa.
• gaban hanya 1755 mm.
• raya hanya 1750 mm.
• tushe dabaran 3 665 + 1 120 mm.
• ƙasa yarda (yarda) - 310 mm.

gyare-gyare

A lokacin da samar da "ZIL 157" an halitta ta goma sha asali versions, wanda ya aikata wani takamaiman aiki. Bugu da kari, akwai manufa ta musamman motocin:

• wuta truck tare da wani tanki na ruwa da damar 4.5 tons, extendable tsani da biyu gida domin ma'aikata.
• mota tare da gaggawa sa kafa samar da wutar lantarki ga dan lokaci dokar ta-da kuzari abubuwa.
• model tare da karfafa gaban damina don towing ta turawa;
• cars sanye take da wani winch, tsara don ja fitar da matsattse dabaran da kuma lura da motocin.
• asali model "Zil 157", edition 1958.
• tarakta "157B".
• tushe model tun shekarar 1961, "157K".
• tarakta, a 1961, "157KV".
• tushe model tare 1978 "157KD".
• tarakta a 1978, "157KDV".
• Tropical version tare da inganta sanyaya tsarin da lagireto kewaya, "157YU".
• fitarwa model "157E".
• model tare da kare kayan aiki, kare - "157G".
• model tare da kare kare kayan aiki tun shekarar 1961 - "157KG".
• model qware dual man fetur tankuna, total girma na 300 lita - "Zil 157E".

Total 797 934 da motoci da aka samar na duk gyare-gyare, "Sarkin kashe-hanya", kamar yadda "Zil 157" kira su da mutane.

A sabon engine

A tushe model 1978 "157KD" aka sanye take da wani engine, mota tare da wani hadade "Zil 130". matsawa rabo da aka karu daga 6.2 zuwa 6.5. Fistan kungiyar - Silinda liners, pistons, kafa na matsawa zobba, yatsunsu, a haɗa sanda gaba daya aro daga engine "130". lubrication tsarin cin zarafi canza man yanzu tsabtace a centrifugal tace.

Ruwa famfo ikon da aka muhimmanci ƙãra, saka principally sabon alternator, m, m naúrar. Regular Starter maye gurbinsu vysokooborotisty, ta ƙara ikon. Al'ada da mai židayar lokaci ba hanya a tuntube da kuma transistor ƙonewa tsarin. A sabunta engine aka shigar a kan "ZIL 157KD" a cikin Ural reshe na ZIL.

"ZIL 157" dizal

A samar da tsawon dukan-ƙasa abin hawa, dizal ikon shuke-shuke, wanda zai iya samar a kan masana'antu sikelin bai wanzu ba. Saboda haka, a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, duk manyan motoci da aka sanye take kawai tare da fetur Motors. Duk da haka, "Zil 157" iya a manufa da za a kafa D245-12S dizal engine iri, shi ba ya bukatar canza wani abu, duk da hawa da Tashar sarrafa mota da kuma predach akwatin za a iya sauƙi saba. Yana kawai dole ne a yanka da na yau da kullum na baya goyon bayan baka da Weld daga "Zil 130" ko "131 Zil '. Duk da haka, a lokacin da installing wani dizal engine dole ne a shirya domin ri girgiza dukan inji ne kawai korau na wannan zamani.

gadoji

Car "Zil 157" ko da kuwa da gyara sanye take da uku daga cikin wannan irin Gudun kaya. Wannan planetary, semiaxial gadoji, da differentials. A kaya rabo na giya m ga dukan uku bim. hawa baka an tsara don elliptical leaf marẽmari, ko da dakatar da zai iya zama wani Pendulum tare da nada marẽmari da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa buga absorbers.

Maimakon haka tauri aiki yanayi, "Zil 157" gadoji wanda ake fuskantar da brunt, tilasta zanen kaya zuwa nemi mafita povyshayushie m mota suspensions. makirci da aka ɓullo da isasshe sauki ne kuma abin dogara, wanda ya shafi shigarwa na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa buga absorbers.

Duk da rabin-line na mota ana riskar da Cast-baƙin ƙarfe ganguna, da cewa wani bangare ne na "157" quite tasiri braking tsarin. Tubalan duniya abu "feredo" aiki flawlessly. Motar da aka kusan taba bar matse alamomi a kan hanya, tasha ya santsi da kuma ba tare da jerks, wanda yawanci tare da hanawa da nauyi motocin.

mota gyare-gyare

Duk da sauki da gine da kuma dogon sabis rai, "Sarkin kashe-hanya" wani lokacin karya. Duk da haka, yanzu masu kada ka damu-ƙasa abin hawa kayayyakin gyara "Zil 157" shi ne a kan sayarwa a isa yawa. A Soviet lokaci, a layi daya tare da samar da motocin, musamman motoci, aiki masana'antu domin samar da gyara kaya. Kuma, kamar yadda mai mulkin, kayayyakin gyara samar a cikin manyan yawa nisa wucewa bukatar. Waɗannan su ne halin kaka na shirya tattalin arzikin, amma shi ne godiya ga su da cewa a yau ba za ka iya saya kusan duk abin da kuke bukata don gyaran mota.