Zango. Red - ƙananan iyaka da bayyane bakan

A yanayi babu launuka kamar yadda irin wannan. Kowane launi cewa muna ganin ma'anar daya ko wani zango. A ja launi da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da mafi tsawo tãguwar ruwa da ya ƙunshi daya daga cikin fuskoki biyu na gani bakan.

A yanayi na launuka

Abin da ya faru da wani launi za a iya bayyana ta cikin dokokin kimiyyar lissafi. All launuka da tabarau ne sakamakon bayanai aiki da kwakwalwa suna gudãna ta hanyar da idanu a cikin nau'i na haske tãguwar ruwa mai sãɓãwar launukansa tsawo. A cikin rashi na raƙuman ruwa na mutane ga baki, da kuma lokacin da daya-lokaci effects na dukan bakan - fari.

Launuka aka ƙaddara da ikon na saman sha wasu wavelengths kuma tare da wasu. Za'a iya canza hasken ne mai muhimmanci: da haske da haske, da mafi m nuna kalaman, da haske da abu ya bayyana.

Masu amfani ne iya rarrabe fiye da dubu ɗari da launukanku. Ƙaunar da yawa mulufi, burgundy da ceri launukansa kafa mafi tsawo tãguwar ruwa. Duk da haka, da ɗan adam ido iya ganin launi ja, da zango kada wuce 700 nanometers. Domin wannan bakin kofa yana farawa da ganuwa infrared bakan ga mutane. A daura da iyakar da ya raba tabarau na shunayya ultraviolet bakan ne a game da 400 nm.

launi bakan

Da bakan launuka kamar yadda wasu sa daga gare su, rarraba domin kara zango, aka gano ta Newton a cikin shakka daga sanannen gwaje-gwajen da Prism. Wannan ya gano 7 fili rarrabe dabam, a cikinsu - 3 main. Red yana nufin rarrabe, kuma zuwa babban. All tabarau cewa rarrabe tsakanin mutane - shi ne bayyane yankin na electromagnetic bakan m. Saboda haka, launi - shi ne wani electromagnetic kalaman na wani tsawon ba guntu fiye 400 amma ba fiye da 700 nm.

Newton ya lura cewa haske bim na launi daban-daban suna da daban-daban digiri na refraction. Don sa shi mafi daidai, da gilashin refracts su daban. A kalla kudi na nassi na haskoki ta cikin abu da kuma, saboda haka, ƙananan refrangibility gudummawar mafi zango. A ja launi ne a bayyane nuni da kalla refracted haskoki.

Kalaman kafa ja

A electromagnetic kalaman halin da sigogi kamar tsawon, mita da kuma samar da makamashi na photon. A karkashin zango (λ) an fahimci matsayin guntu nesa tsakanin ta da maki wanda ya bambanta a wannan lokaci. The main naúrar na wavelengths:

• microns (1/1000000 m).
• nanometer ko nanometers (1/1000 micron).
• Angstroms (1/10 nanometer).

Matsakaicin yiwu tsawon na ja launi zango ne 780 nm (7800 angstroms) ta wucewa ta hanyar wata kafa ba. A m tsawon na kalaman bakan - 625 nm (6250 angstroms).

Wani muhimmin bangaren - da oscillation mita. An juna tare da tsawon, sai da kalaman za a iya kafa wa wani daga wadannan dabi'u. Frequency tãguwar ruwa ja launi ne a cikin kewayon daga 400 zuwa 480 Hz. A photon makamashi haka siffofin Range daga 1,68 zuwa 1,98 EV.

ja da zazzabi

Tabarau cewa mutane subconsciously riskarsa kamar dumi ko sanyi, daga kimiyya ra'ayi, ayan da kishiyar zazzabi. A launuka hade da hasken rana - ja, Orange, yellow - yawanci gani a matsayin mai dumi da kuma daura da su - a matsayin sanyi.

Duk da haka, ka'idar radiation ya tabbatar da akasin: a inuwõyinta suna kusa, ja launi zafin jiki ne da ya fi m fiye da na blue. A gaskiya, shi ne mai sauki don tabbatar da cewa zafi matasa taurari ne bluish haske da Fading - ja. raskalivanii karfe a farko yana ja, sa'an nan rawaya, da kuma bayan - fari.

A cewar Wien ta dokar, akwai wani kishiya dangantaka tsakanin digiri na dumama kalaman da ta tsawon. A karfi mai tsanani abu, da girma da ikon da radiation da dama a kan filin na gajeren tãguwar ruwa, da kuma mataimakin versa. Ya zauna kawai tuna inda a can ne mafi girma zango a bayyane bakan: ja bautarka matsayi, contrasting blue sautunan, kuma shi ne kalla dumi.

inuwõyinta suna kusa, ja

Dangane da darajar, wanda yana da zango, da jan launi ya zama daban-daban launukansa: ja, magenta, Maroon, tubali, ceri, da dai sauransu ...

Tint 4 halin sigogi. Yana kamar:

1. Sautin - wani wuri cewa daukan launi a bakan, a bayyane launuka tsakanin 7. electromagnetic kalaman tsawon ƙayyade daidai da sautin.
2. Haske - aka ƙaddara ta da ƙarfin da radiation makamashi takamaiman ya dafa. Yawan rage haske take kaiwa zuwa da cewa mutane ga baki. Tare da hankali karuwa a haske zai bayyana launin ruwan kasa, domin shi - burgundy, bayan - ja, yayin da maximizing makamashi - mai haske ja.
3. Grace - characterizes kusanci launi zuwa fari. White - shi ne sakamakon hadawa da daban-daban kalaman a jere. The bi da bi ginawa wannan sakamako, da launi ja zama garura bayan - a ruwan hoda, sa'an nan - a wani kodadde ruwan hoda kuma a karshe fari.
4. Jikewa - kayyade nesa daga launi m. Gray launi a cikin yanayi - da uku na farko launuka gauraye a daban-daban yawa da ragewan da haske watsi luminance zuwa 50%.