Mene ne pyrolysis? Fassara manufar aiwatar

Mene ne pyrolysis? Menene muhimmancin shi yana ga zamani sinadaran masana'antu? Za mu magance batun.

A cikin pyrolysis na hydrocarbons

Saboda haka, abin da yake pyrolysis? A definition wannan tsari ya shafi thermal bazuwar daga cikin kwayoyin fili ba tare da gaban oxygen. Hõre da Lalacewar mai, kwal, itace. Bayan aiwatar samar kira gas, kazalika da sauran kayayyakin karshen.

aiwatar Features

pyrolysis dauki ne da za'ayi a zazzabi na 800 to 900 digiri. Wannan tsari yana dauke da farko daya ga samuwar ethylene. Wannan unsaturated hydrocarbon ne wani muhimmin feedstock for wani iri-iri na gudanar da mahadi: benzene, divinyl propylene.

itace pyrolysis

Jayayya a kan abin da yake pyrolysis, mun lura cewa a karon farko da wannan fasaha ne da sinadaran aiki na man fetur da kuma iskar gas da aka jadadda mallaka AA Summer a 1877. Mene ne pyrolysis na itace? Wannan dauki ne da za'ayi a zazzabi na game da 500 digiri. An hade da samuwar m aka gyara irin sinadaran da kayayyakin kamar yadda acetic acid, gawayi, guduro, acetone. Ganin cewa kasar mu ne "taska" na gandun daji a Rasha aiki manyan tsire-tsire domin itacen pyrolysis tsari.

pyrolysis sharar gida

Pyrolysis na sharar gida ne na musamman aikin domin lalata sharar gida. Haduwar pyrolysis robobi, tayoyin, daban-daban Organic sharar gida saboda gaskiyar cewa zaci daban-daban da fasaha, abin da ya bambanta muhimmanci daga aiwatar da sarrafa wasu m kayan.

A abun da ke ciki na da yawa sharar gida ne sulfur, chlorine, phosphorus, wanda bayan hadawan abu da iskar shaka (samuwar oxides) saya Properties volatility. A pyrolysis kayayyakin ne mai barazana ga muhalli.

Lokacin da hulda da chlorine da kwayoyin abubuwa kafa bayan kammala bazuwar tsari, akwai wani watsi zaunanniya noxious mahadi kamar dioxins. Domin kama wadannan kayayyakin emit hayaki, na bukatar na musamman shigarwa na pyrolysis. Irin wannan hanya na bukatar gagarumin abu halin kaka.

Ga kasashen Turai, na babban muhalli muhimmanci shi ne matsalar da Juyin haihuwa tayoyin, roba aka gyara wanda sun cika su sabis rayuwa. Saboda gaskiya cewa halitta mai feedstock ne irreplaceable ra'ayoyi ma'adanai, ya kamata a yi amfani da su matsakaicin har sakandare albarkatu.

Na iyali, kuma yi tarkace iya samun wata babbar iri-iri na abubuwa da kwayoyin da inorganic abun da ke ciki, don haka yana da muhimmanci wajen samar da wannan masana'antu yankin.

Polymers da kuma tayoyin ne mai girma da muhimmanci da albarkatun kasa. Bayan aiki da low-zazzabi pyrolysis za a iya samu ruwa sulusi da murabba'i na cikakken hydrocarbons (roba man), a combustible gas, carbon saura kuma karfe igiyar. Lokacin da kona tan roba hula da aka saki a cikin yanayi na tsari na 270 kg na carbon baki da kuma game da 450 kg na gaseous guba abubuwa.

kira gas

Wannan cakuda hydrogen da carbon monoxide (2). A wani masana'antu sikelin da shi da aka samu, wajen gudanar da tururi Gyara ta methane, gasification na ci, methane hadawan abu da iskar shaka aiki na Organic sharar gida. Dangane da fasaha da samar da wani kira gas, cikinsa da rabo daga carbon monoxide da hydrogen iya bambanta a cikin kewayon daga 1: 1 to 1: 3.

Daga cikin manyan aikace-aikace na albarkatun kasa yana daukan sanya musamman masana'antu methanol da Fischer-Tropsch kira. Yana nufin wani sunadarai dauki da ya auku a gaban mai kara kuzari. Ya kunshi a cikin hira da carbon monoxide da hydrogen a wani iri-iri na ruwa hydrocarbons. M kamar yadda catalysts (accelerators) wannan hulda da aka zaba cobalt da na baƙin ƙarfe.

The bayani dalla-dalla na wannan tsari da ikon samar da roba kayan for su aikace-aikace a cikin wani nau'i na roba lubricating man ko man fetur.

Bayani dalla-dalla da samun

Mene ne sunadarai na dauki? Bari mu yi kokarin gane abin da shi ne. Definition na pyrolysis an tattauna a sama, da kuma a yanzu mayar da hankali a kan siffofin da wani tsarin sunadarai. Fischer-Tropsch tsari ya shafi maida martani da methane da oxygen. Reaction kayayyakin ne carbon monoxide da hydrogen. A dauki ba alkane jerin hydrocarbon da ruwa tururi. Yana kafa hydrocarbon kayayyakin bayan tsarkakewa da ake amfani da su haifar da wani roba da man fetur.

pyrolysis Meaning

Carbon monoxide gas da kuma hydrogen gas kafa ta m hadawan abu da iskar shaka na itace, da kwal. Muhimmancin irin wannan tsari ne da samuwar m albarkatun kasa (sharar hydrocarbon ko kwal) hydrogen ko ruwa hydrocarbons.

Lokacin da nonoxidative pyrolysis na m sharar gida ne a halin yanzu a cikin sinadaran masana'antu kayan kira gas. Wasu daga shi ne a yi amfani da wani abin hawa da man fetur ba tare da ci gaba da aiki da biyayya da Fischer-Tropsch dauki. Idan dole, yin amfani da wani ruwa man fetur kama paraffins da kuma man shafawa amfani Saukake sinadaran fasaha.

Idan ya zama dole don kara yawan hydrogen samar da wani canji a juz'i na tururi ne suka rasa muhallinsu a cikin wannan lissafi sinadaran ma'auni. A irin wannan yanayi, bayan kammala na dauki samar hydrogen da carbon dioxide.

Inganta fasahar

Bayan da aka gano, sanya a 1920 ta Jamus Hans masu bincike Tropsch da Frantsem Fisherom, fasahar akai-akai sabunta hanyoyin, inganta. A hankali da yawan roba man fetur halitta da pyrolysis, a Jamus ya kai 124 dubu ganga a kowace rana. Irin wannan nuna alama wanzu a shekarar 1944.

wayewar

A zamanin yau, akwai biyu manyan kamfanoni, wanda ake amfani da a Fischer-Tropsch fasaha. Mafi man dizal samar da pyrolysis na Afirka ta Kudu, m hadawan abu da iskar shaka kayayyakin kafa.

Musamman da hankali ne ba sinadaran fasahar samu bayan masana kimiyya ya fara duba hanyoyin da za a samar da low-sulfur dizal abubuwa iya zuwa sa m lalacewar yanayi. Alal misali, Amurka kamfanoni a halin yanzu feedstock zaba coke ko gawayi, samar da gwaggwabar riba ruwa hydrocarbons na high quality.

Duk da cewa da pyrolysis tsari ne mai robust fasahar da cewa za a iya amfani da a kan manyan sikelin, shi ake dangantawa da mun gwada da babban abu halin kaka don gyare-gyare da kuma kiyaye da kafuwa. Domin da yawa masana'antun, wannan shi ne ya hana, domin akwai wani hali su runtse duniya farashin man.

ƙarshe

Duniya kwal reserves ne manyan isa. Su za a iya amfani da a matsayin man fetur source saboda da depletion na da muhimmanci man. Manazarta da hannu a cikin masana'antar mai da gas, tabbata ta hanyar pyrolysis iya nuna high quality-hydrocarbons. Sun lura cewa, sakamakon man fetur ba kawai yana da mafi girma muhalli yi a kwatanta da man fetur da man fetur, amma kuma daidai m ga masu amfani da a kan wani fanni price. A cikin hali na mai hade da Fischer-Tropsch da biomass gasification ne yiwu ga magana game da mai alamar Hanyar Manufacturing a revolving embodiment mota man fetur.

Roba raw kayan samu ta hanyar pyrolysis na ci ne m kawai a lokacin da farashin man fetur a kan $ 40 a ganga. Domin samar da irin wannan cakuda hydrocarbons wajibi ne su zuba jari a cikin kewayon bakwai zuwa tara dala biliyan tamanin dubu ganga na roba man fetur. Technologies hade da pyrolysis tsari, gane da muhalli daga cikin mafi tsabtace muhalli. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da yawa raya ƙasashe biya mai girma da hankali ga ci gaban sabuwar dabarar don samar da hydrocarbon habaka, wanda zai ba da damar su motsa daga gargajiya mai raw kayan. Saboda da fasaha da kuma kyautata sarƙoƙi pyrolysis tsari ya zama muhimmanci mai rahusa da kuma sauki a samu wani high quality-ruwa hydrocarbons. A sakamakon samfurin da aka yi amfani da ba kawai kamar yadda man fetur, amma har ga wani iri-iri na Organic abubuwa.