Yuro yankin: tarihin halittar

New shiri kudin - da Yuro - An fara gabatar a 1999. Tuni tun 01.01.2002 Wannan m aka buga a cikin tsabar kudi wurare dabam dabam a cikin nau'i na Game da tsabar kudi da kuma banknotes. A ranar, da Yuro yankin hada da kasashe irin su Austria da Belgium, Jamus da kuma Girka, Ireland da kuma Spain, Italy da kuma Cyprus, Luxembourg da kuma Malta, da Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia da kuma Slovenia, Faransa, Finland da kuma Estonia. A cikin ƙasa na 17 jihohin yana da wani wurare dabam dabam na da guda kudin.

Tamanin da Yuro

Babban maƙasudin na EU ne don ƙirƙirar guda tattalin arziki sarari, wanda shi ne iya samar da wasu taimakon kudi daga mãsu mambobin. Don cimma wannan burin, da Yuro zone da aka halitta.

The so don hadewa

Kudin Yuro zone wani grandiose aikin na 20th karni. A daidai wannan lokaci da aiwatar da juna biyu, ba tare da wani shakka ba, ya kasance da duniya siyasa da tattalin arziki abubuwan, ya zama daya daga cikin mafi wuya matakai na hadewa aiwatar a Yammacin Turai.

Single ciki kasuwar wanzu a cikin EU tun 1993. Duk da haka, da aiki ba zai iya zama nasara. Gaskiyar cewa ƙasashen EU sun yi su lokaci na kasa da tsarin dukiya, daban-daban daga juna kudi da hawa da sauka, haraji da kuma farashin matakan. A wannan halin da ake ciki na da cikakken tattalin arzikin shiyya ba zai je ko da magana. Don kawar da duk wadannan cikas kuma Yuro zone da aka halitta. A tattalin arzikin duk da kasashe mambobin kungiyar a lokaci guda shi ya zama fiye da riba saboda da free motsi na ayyuka, dukiya, babban birnin kasar kuma, ba shakka, aiki.

United kasafin kudi horo ya zama mafi m shugabanci da kuma a cikin macroeconomic matakin. EU kasashen sun tattara ganimar Asusun su kudi kasuwanni karkashin iko da kuma kulawa na supranational cibiyoyin kudi. Wannan ya sa mafi dogara magance inflationary matsin lamba, ƙananan haraji biya da kuma amfani rates. Wannan tsari da gudummawar da ci gaban da aikin yi da kuma samar, da kuma ya zama tushen ga zaman lafiyar jama'a kudi.

Da muhimmancin da Yuro yankin da kuma ga duk harkokin kasuwanci. Bayan duk, da guda kudin da manufofin kudi, data kasance a kan ƙasa da EMU nufi ga kamfanonin rage kudi da kayayyaki farashin kasada, kazalika da kiyasta sabis halin kaka. Da zuwan na Yuro ga duk kasashe a cikin monetary jam'iyya da aka za'ayi guda monetary tsari. Wannan ya kai ga wani karu a cikin girma da bukatun aiki babban birnin kasar.

Tarihi Association of Turai tsarin dukiya

Shin matasa da ra'ayin wani Yuro? Ba a duk. Ƙoƙarin daidaita da tsarin dukiya daga kasashe daban-daban nema a mayar da lokacin da na farko tsabar kudi bayyana. Saboda haka, monetary kungiya ta kashin da aka kammala tsakanin tsoho Greek birni-jihohi. tsabar kudi bayar da su sosai tafiya a ko'ina cikin kasar.

The most kokarin haifar da kowa monetary tsarin ne kungiyar na cinikayya da siyasa jam'iyya na Baltic birane. A 13-16 karnoni. sun kasance a cikin Hanseatic League. A daban-daban lokaci da hannu a cikin al'umma daga 70 zuwa 170 batutuwa.

Ƙoƙarin gama cikin daya daga cikin da dama tsarin dukiya ci gaba a nan gaba. Saboda haka, a cikin 1st rabin karni na 19th. Yana da za'ayi a yawan ayyukan a kan hadewa da daban-daban tsarin dukiya a cikin tsarin na riga data kasance ko sabuwar halitta kasashen.

A 2nd rabin karni na 19th. wani Latin kuma Scandinavian monetary jam'iyya a Turai. A iyakar kudin ya fara kawo a kan wani mabanbanta akai.

A samfur na Yuro zone yi imani da Latin monetary jam'iyya, kafa a watan Disamba 1865 ta kasashe irin su Faransa da Italiya, Belgium da kuma Switzerland. Bayan yaki da Napoleon tsarin dukiya daga cikin wadannan kasashe suka kama. Bayan shekaru uku, a cikin Latin Union shi ya zama mafi da kuma Girka.

Fage na Tarayyar Turai

Hadewa matakai tsakanin jihohin muhimmanci kara ta taki a karshen yakin duniya na biyu. Yana da aka ta girma darussa da kuma yankunan da sakamakon shi zai yiwu a rayar da fahimtar hana ci gaban da kishin kasa a Turai. Wani da ake bukata kafun ga hanzari na hadewa tsari da aka sha'awar na Amurka ya karfafa ta mawuyacin halin tattalin arziki matsayi. Don mayar da kansa kasa da kasa girma da kuma siyasa nemi farko da ci Jamus. Bugu da kari, kasashen Yammacin Turai zai gama da zata dakatar da duniya rinjayar da Tarayyar Soviet.

The asalin hadewa tsari

Me cikin daidaituwa na Turai ya fara? Masomin na hadewa tsari yana dauke da wani furucin da ministan harkokin wajen kasar Faransa Robert Schuman. A wannan daftarin aiki, da aka buga 09.05.1950, a shawarwari da wani kafa ECSC (Turai Coal da Karfe). Wannan yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu da Jamus, Faransa, Belgium, Italiya, Luxembourg da kuma Netherlands. A hadewa da wannan muhimmanci ga tattalin arziki, ya buɗe sama yiwuwa ga kara raya aiwatar a wasu yankunan.

Wadannan matakai da aka kafa ta Tattalin Arzikin Turai Community (25.03.1957 g), da kuma Turai Atomic Energy Community.

Takardu gudãnar da wurare dabam dabam na guda kudin

A shekarar 1962, kungiyar EU ta bayar da yarjejeniyar a wadda a karon farko ya yi magana game da muhimmancin samar da wani guda Turai monetary siyasa. Da shi shi ne ra'ayin wani "kudin maciji", wanda ya kasance wani kudi kam rates a duk ƙasashe, pent cikin wasu iyaka. Duk da haka, shi ya kasance ba zai yiwu a aiwatar da wannan shirin a nan gaba. Dalilin da cewa ya rikicin makamashi na shekarar 1972, a lokacin da ƙwarai ƙara farashin man fetur.

A samfur na Yuro aka gabatar kawai a 1979. A sa'an nan da yarjejeniyar da aka sanya hannu tsakanin EU bankunan tsakiya na rage iyakoki na kudin hawa da sauka. A nan gaba, da ra'ayin halittar Yuro zone aka ci gaba a cikin Maastricht yarjejeniyar (1992) da kuma Single Turai dokar (1986). A cikin wadannan takardu, kafuwar ya yi niyya ya faru na guda kudin, da jadawalin domin ta gabatarwar, kazalika da dokokin a jihar kasafin kudin da 'yan sabuwar kungiyar tarayyar.

kwanciyar hankali da sharudda

Yadda jihar za ta iya shiga cikin Yuro zone? Don wannan karshen, shi dole ne hadu da wadannan sharudda:

• daban-daban musayar kudi da kwanciyar hankali.
• da wasu matakin na farashin.
• da mai yiwuwa kudi tsarin.

Me ya sa ake Yuro zone haka wuya a kan 'yan kungiyar? Yarda da sama sharudda da damar kowace ƙasa ba kawai don a ji dadin amfanin guda tattalin arziki sarari domin dukan amma mafi to ku zo da shi a wasu adadin m taimako. Kawai a cikin wannan harka, da Yuro zone iya samu a daidaita ci gaban da tattalin arziki Sphere. Duk wadannan m sharudda na kwanciyar hankali da aka yake kunshe a cikin Maastricht yarjejeniyar.

Samar da wani kudi ma'aikata

Wa gudanar da Yuro? Wannan aiki da aka baiwa da Turai lamuni Institute, wanda aka located in Frankfurt am Main. Daftarin aiki a kan kafa wannan ma'aikata da aka sa hannu a 1994. A lokacin, da Turai da lamuni na Cibiyar aka yi nufi ga shiryar da halittar Yuro aikin da saka idanu da tattalin arziki matakai faruwa a cikin EU.

Hukumance, da miƙa mulki ga guda kudin, an sanar a taron, da aka gudanar a Madrid a karshen 1995. Sa'an nan sabon banknotes da kuma samu da sunan - "Yuro".

Bayyanar da sabon kudin

Kasashen a cikin Yuro zone fara amfani da wani sabon kudin naúrar 01.01.2002 A wannan rana na lura aka janye Belgium da kuma Faransa Franc, da Dan Ailan laba, da Finnish da kuma Jamus alamar, da Spanish peseta da Italian lira, Austria schillingi, Portuguese escudos kuma Dutch guilders.

Amma wadannan kasashen za su daina tsare a cikin Yuro yankin. Kasashen Turai ba kunshe a cikin na asali jerin, ne kullum jihãdi tãyar da su da tattalin arziki yi. Saboda haka, saduwa da zama dole sharudda da kawai 2006 ya Slovenia. Daga wannan lokaci, shi ne ma sun shiga cikin Yuro zone. Tare 01.01 2008 bayyana a cikin jerin Cyprus da kuma Malta, da kuma tun 2009 - Slovakia.

da lissafin kuɗi da tsarin

A mafi muhimmanci kashi cewa yana da Yuro zone - Trans-Turai sarrafa kansa System. Yana da damar duk kasuwanci abokai yin biya online. wannan tsarin aiki da aka kaddamar lokaci guda tare da gabatarwar da Yuro kudin. Wannan zai rage lokacin da ake bukata domin nassi na biya tsakanin abokai a kasashe daban-daban.

Da tasirin da sabon kudin

Kafa a cikin EU Yuro zone ya ba ta kasashe mambobin kungiyar babba nauyi a cikin kasuwannin duniya. Kuma duk wannan godiya ga gaskiya cewa a hade rabo na kayan da ake samarwa a kasashen na kungiyar tarayyar Turai, shi ne daidai to daya bisa uku na duniya duka. Kuma ga kamfanonin hada kai tare da kungiyar tarayyar Turai, da fitowan na Yuro sanya shi yiwuwa a yi aiki a wani guda kudin yanki, wanda rage su halin kaka don yi biyan bashin ma'amaloli a harkokin ciniki a ayyuka da kuma dukiya.

A sabon kudin da aka yarda ta samar da wata guda, ya fi girma babban birnin kasar kasuwar. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Yuro ne kasa fallasa da mummunan tasiri na dollar musayar kudi hawa da sauka fiye da kowane kasa kudin. Duk wannan ya zama wani da ake bukata kafun ga reorientation na kasa da kasa kwarara daga babban birnin kasar.

yau matsaloli

A cikin Sashin Turai, akwai bakwai tattalin arzikin fuskantar gagarumin matsaloli. Su za a iya gani a kasashe irin su Ireland da kuma Girka, Spain da kuma Portugal, Slovenia, Cyprus da kuma Italiya. Duk na sama jihohin da yawa masu zaman kansu da kuma jama'a basusuka.

Abin da kuma a halin yanzu suna fuskantar Yuro zone? Matsaloli na tattalin arziki ƙasa suna hade da wani rashin daidaituwa daga tsabar kudi gudana, da asarar da rashin gasa da kuma koma bayan tattalin arziki. Duka wannan yana nuna a cikin wani tashin cinikayya gaira.

Babban matsalar na cikin Sashin Turai da ake zama koma bayan tattalin arziki. Wannan tsari ne da hankali yada zuwa mafi tattalin arziki raya ƙasashe na Turai. Alal misali, a kan gab da wani koma bayan tattalin arziki ne France. A kaifi slowdown a ci gaban tattalin arziki yana fuskantar a lokacin da Jamus.

fan zone

Duk da tattalin arziki matsaloli, tsakanin kasashen Turai ba subside wasanni hulda. A cikin jihohin dake a Turai nahiyar, akwai da yawa ashana a kwallon kafa da kuma hockey. Domin saukaka magoya Halicci ake kira fan zone. Yuro 2016, misali, a waɗannan wurare na iya ganin daruruwan magoya kwallon kafa.

Bugu da kari, ga waɗanda suka yi a cikin fan zone, aiki iri-iri na nazarinsa, tarurruka da aka gudanar tare da daban-daban celebrities da aka horar "kwallon kafa" da harshen da sauransu. D.