Yakubu Grimm: biography, tarihin rayuwar, aiki da kuma iyali

Tatsuniyoyi da Yakubu Wilhelm Grimm an san a duk faɗin duniya. Daga yara, suna daga cikin fi so littattafai na kusan kowane yaro. Amma 'yan'uwa Grimm ba kawai bayar da labarun - sun kasance mai girma masana ilimin harsuna da masu bincike na al'adun kasar su na Jamus.

iyali

Magabatan da Grimms kasance sosai ilimi mutane. Kakan kaka mai suna Friedrich, haife shi a 1672, shi ne mai ilimin tauhidi da-Calvinist. Dansa - Frederick ml. - gaji mahaifinsa Ikklesiya, da kuma, daidai da, an yi wani firist na Calvinist al'umma.

Uba daga cikin shahararrun 'yan'uwa, an haife shi a 1751. Filipp Vilgelm wani lauya, ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'ar Marburg. Kafin farkon mutuwa, a shekaru 44, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai hukunci, da kuma notary Zemsky.

Philippe da matarsa Dorothy da 'ya'ya biyar, duk' ya'ya maza, da m - Yakubu Grimm, haife shi a 1785, bi da William, aka haifi wani shekara bayan haife Charles da kuma Ferdinand, kuma ƙarami ya Ludwig, wanda ya zama m artist da kuma zane na tatsuniyar mazan 'yan'uwansa.

Duk da cewa bambanci a shekaru tsakanin 'yan'uwa biyu da aka kananan (a kalla shekaru biyar tsakanin manyan da junior), da gaske kusa da juna sun kawai Yakubu da Wilhelm Grimm, biography cewa, ya tabbatar da shi.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Yakubu, kazalika da dukan 'yan'uwansa, an haife shi a garin Hanau, inda ya ciyar da yara.

Tun da ubansu ya mutu da wuri, kafin iyali shi wata tambaya na kara zama. Na zo don su taimaki wani, marar 'ya'ya inna yan'uwa - Yuliana Sharlotta. Duk da haka, shi ne tare da haihuwa Yakubu Grimm a gidan. Kuma duk saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin wannan 1785 aka widowed.

Julianna aka sosai a haɗe zuwa ga mazan yara, da kuma kusan duk abin da ya da hankali da kuma kula suka ba. Brothers biya ta wannan soyayya, ƙauna kiran ta cute inna Schlemmer.

Yakubu Grimm daga baya ya tuna cewa ya aka daura ta inna yawa fiye da iyayensu.

Yana Julianna Charlotte bũɗe su zuwa duniya na ilmi, da koyar da karatu da kuma rubutu. Yana da da shi, suka shiga cikin duniyar Jamus tatsuniyoyi da kuma Littafi Mai Tsarki da labaru. A cewar daya daga cikin 'yan'uwa, goggonninka da' bayani na addini, ya san mafi alhẽri daga zuwa lacca a kan tauhidin.

A 1791 da iyali koma Steinau. The yara tafi zuwa ga gida makaranta. A 1796, a cikin gida zo matsala: Janairu 10, Phillip mutu. Ya bazawara, 'yar'uwar da yara da don matsawa zuwa birnin Kassel, inda Yakubu da Wilhelm gama a karshen tsohuwar daya a waɗannan ƙasashe Gymnasium.

'Yan'uwan da suka shiga University of Marburg, so su bi a mahaifinsa zambiyõyin da zama lauya. Amma su so shere harshe da adabi.

Ga wasu lokaci 'yan'uwan ɗauki ta sabis bayan samun digiri. Yakubu ya yi aiki ga Jerome Bonaparte leburare. Daga 1816 ya fara aiki a laburare na Kassel, a lokaci guda kãfirtarsu da post na farfesa a Bonn. Akwai, a Kassel, Sakataren aiki Wilhelm.

Tatsũniyõyi ne na Brothers Grimm

Kamar ƙanensa, Yakubu Grimm ya m na Jamus na kasa da bunkasa Adabin Gargajiya. Zai yiwu cewa ne ya sa suke a cikin da'irar "na Heidelberg Romantics," wanda aka dauke ya manufa Tarurrukan ban sha'awa a cikin al'adun Jamus.

An fara daga 1807, ya yi tafiya a kusa da kasar (Hesse, Westphalia), tattara daban-daban Legends, gida almara. A kadan daga baya ya shiga ta wa William.

A littafin da aka buga a 1812, akwai alamomi Madogararsa. Wasu tãtsũniyõyin suna labeled mafi musamman, misali, "Uwar Hulda" ya ce wa ɗan'uwansa, William ta nan gaba matar Dorothea Wild, a lõkacin da suka tsaya da a Kassel.

Wasu kafofin Ana nuna kawai da sunan wuri, kamar "daga Tsveri" "na Hanau."

Grimm wani lokacin da ka musanya haihuwa labaru a kan masu daraja. Saboda haka, tatsuniyoyi Ioganna Krauze, wani tsohon saja, sun canza zuwa daya daga cikin riguna.

nahawu malamar makaranta a Kassel yan'uwa gaya daya daga cikin bambance-bambancen karatu na "Snow White", wata mace Maria, kawai yayi magana Faransa, Grimm gaya game da yaron Tom Thumb, Little Red Riding Hood, kyakkyawa mai barci. Watakila saboda ta iyali mutunta Faransa al'adu, wani ɓangare na labarin ya kama da hikaya Sharlya Perro.

Yakubu Grimm, tatsuniyoyi wanda kaunar dukan yara a duniya, tare da ɗan'uwansa saki bakwai lakabi da 210 da manyan ayyuka. A farko bugu da aka soki, da 'yan'uwansa suka yi aiki sosai a kan su da kuma kawo wa kammala. Alal misali, an cire daga fage na jima'i yanayi labari "Rapunzel," inda ta asirce gana da Prince.

A banbanci a kan wasu folklorists da 'yan'uwansa Grimm (Yakubu da Wilhelm). "Rapunzel," "Cinderella," "Snow White," "The Bremen Town Musicians," "sihiri tukunya", "Little Red Riding Hood" da kuma daruruwan sauran tatsuniyoyi taba shiga zinariya asusu na yara wallafe-wallafe.

Grimm ta dokar da sauran ayyuka

Kowace daga cikin 'yan'uwa ya yi aiki a kan sirri da bincike amma ra'ayoyi da kuma mazhabobi sun guda. A hankali motsi daga cikin almara, su juya su da hankali ga ilimin harsuna da karatu.

Grimma ya zama cikin wadanda suka kafa kimiyya Jamus. Yakubu ciyar da yawa lokaci a kan karin lafazi matakai Teutonic, a sakamakon, bisa nazarin da Rasmus Rask ya iya kirkiro daya daga cikin karin lafazi matakai, samu a karshen kira "Grimm ta Law."

Yana da ya shafi abin da ake kira "baƙi". Don kwanan wata - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi yawan sanannun karin lafazi dokokin. Yana da aka tsara a cikin 1822.

Kafin wannan taron, Yakubu Grimm tsanani karatu da kimiyya na harshe. A sakamakon haka shi da "Jamus nahawu" a hudu kundin (1819-1837).

Ma'ana ilimin harsuna Grimm babban harkokinmu. Godiya ga shi, shi ne iya tabbatacce tabbatar da ikon mallakar kasar Jamus harshe da na kowa Indo-Turai kungiyar.

A wani par da rabe-bincike masanin kimiyya aiki a kan tarin mythological wakilci na zamanin d Jamusawa. A 1835 ya buga wani ilimi rubutun, ya wallafa Yakubu Grimm. "Jamus mythology" An yi wani misalin na littafin "Myths na Ancient Girka", a can an nuna dangantakar Nordic da kuma Jamus mythology.

Jamus kamus

Aiki a kan kamus yan'uwa fara a 1830 ta. A sakamakon haka, shi ya zama mafi girma a cikin tarihi na Jamus harshe.

A gaskiya da ra'ayin samar da wani etymological kamus akwai ba da 'yan'uwansa, da kuma da kyau kafin a fara su masu sana'a ayyukan. Amma shi ya da 1838 wallafa Leipzig miƙa wa shirya shi.

Grimma amfani da kamanta-tarihi Hanyar lokacin rubuta kamus domin nuna juyin halitta daga cikin harshe, ta kayyade dangane da m.

Brothers lokaci zuwa gama kawai wasu sassan (A, B, C, D, E), to ku zo da aikin su hana karshen su mutuwa.

Amma duk da wannan kamus an gama da abokan aikinsu a Berlin Academy of Sciences da kuma Jami'ar Gettingemskomu.

'yan shekarun nan

William ya mutu a shekarar 1859, daga huhu inna. Yakubu tsira da ɗan'uwansa ta shekaru hudu. A wancan lokaci, ya lectured a Berlin Academy of Sciences, kuma aiki tirelessly "Jamus kamus". A gaskiya, mutuwa ta riske shi kawai a kan tebur, inda ya bayyana kalmar Frucht ga na gaba sashe.

Yakubu ya mutu daga wani ciwon zuciya Satumba 20, 1863.

darajar

All rayuwa, kerawa da kuma philological aiki na Brothers Grimm ya da wani banbanci ba kawai a kan mutane na Jamus, amma kuma ga mutanen duniya. Sun yi gagarumin taimako ga ci gaban rabe-raben harsuna kimiyya, Mun halitta daruruwan ayyukan da m yara, ya nuna da misali abin da soyayya na kasar da kuma iyali.