Yadda za mu bi whooping tari? A causative wakili na cuta, cututtuka

Whooping tari da aka dangana wa da cututtukan yara, amma sun iya zama m mutane na zuwa wani shekaru kungiyar. Wani abu - yadda za rashin lafiya faruwa da kuma yadda m iya zama da sakamakon a taron na rikitarwa. A wannan yanayi, da girma hadarin ne yara a karkashin shekaru biyu. zai zama samuwa a cikin wannan labarin bayar da bayanai a kan abin da ya ƙunshi wani cutar da kuma yadda za mu bi da whooping tari a cikin manya da musamman a yara.

A tarihin da cutar

Yana da matukar ila cewa cutar da aka sani tun lokacin da. Saboda haka, akwai shaida cewa a cikin rubuce-rubucen na Hippocrates, kuma Avicenna sa'an nan ya bayyana bayyanar cututtuka da cutar, sosai kama da whooping tari. Amma yana da wani moot batu, amma kada san bayanin pertussis Guillain de Bayeux a 1578, ya lura da annoba da cutar a Paris, wanda da'awar da yawa rayuwarsu nan. Wani lokaci daga baya, an samu rahotannin barkewar wani daga siffarsa cuta a Ingila da kuma Holland. Yadda za mu bi whooping tari, ba mu sani ba to, kamar yadda babu abin da aka sani a game da abin da daidai sa wannan hatsari cutar.

pertussis

A pathogen aka ware daga sputum na rashin lafiya yaro kawai a 1906 masana kimiyya J. Bordet da O. Gengou. Wannan kananan kwayoyin ne a cikin nau'i na sanduna da taso gefuna, tsayayyen da ba ya kafa spores cewa yana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar Airborne droplets dũkan da Bronchial epithelium. Gateway ga wannan kamuwa da cuta shi ne babba na numfashi fili. A kayyade matakin kwayoyin yayi kama da itace parakoklyusha wanda ya haddasa pertussis kama, amma mafi saukin gudãna cuta.

Pertussis coli ne sosai wuya a kan yanayin muhalli, da kuma saboda haka ne musamman m waje da jikin mutum da kuma sauri mutu a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ultraviolet radiation, disinfectants, ya karu (fiye da 55 ° C) zazzabi. Saboda haka, iyali abubuwa, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ba m, da kuma tushen kamuwa da cuta ne musamman m mutum, komai yana daukan wuri a cikin wannan Pathology.

Kamar wancan ne domin cuta watsa bukatar isasshe a kusa lamba, don haka kamar yadda bambanta da juna ba volatility, pertussis bacteria ba ya mika ma daga daya dakin zuwa wani, warwatse a kusa da haƙuri ba fiye da mita 2. Coli Pertussis (Bordetella), shigar da jikin mutum, samar da gubobi cewa sa bayyanar cututtuka halayyar da cutar.

cututtuka

Kafin gano yadda za mu bi da pertussis ya zama saba da siffofin da halaye na wannan cuta. Babban alama na shi ne na musamman tari, amma ba ya bayyana nan da nan. Kamar yadda da wani kamuwa da cuta, abin da ya faru da cutar faruwa a dama, saukarwa. A shiryawa zamani pertussis mako a kan talakawan, amma zai iya zama guntu, ko tsawon. Prodromal (catarrhal) lokacin yana da guda cututtuka kamar yadda m na numfashi da ciwon ya kama. Yanayin zafi na iya zama a general, tari - bushe, temperate. zai yiwu rhinitis, laryngitis. Babu maye da kwayoyin. A wannan lokacin, wanda yana game da makonni biyu, da mãsu haƙuri ne mafi m, ya Mai shagalã ne daga whooping tari, shi ne iya harba duk kewaye. A halin da tari hankali canza, shi ne ba ta shafa wani al'ada symptomatic kwayoyi, da kuma fara a lõkacin da spasmodic lokacin da cuta, shi ne don haka halayyar da cewa matsaloli da ganewar asali ne ba haka al'amarin.

Hare-hare na whooping tari ne halin da gajeren tari buga. Sai suka bi exhalation, daya bayan daya, ba tare da ba da haƙuri numfashi for quite lokaci mai tsawo. Lokacin da, a karshe, yana yiwuwa su, da iska karya ta cikin quntata glottis da hankula cuta shẽwa sauti, wanda aka kira reprise. Next sake zagayowar "tari buga - reprise" an maimaita daga 2 zuwa 15 sau, wani hari iya daukar 1-5 minti, da kuma babban adadin reshe ya ƙare da danko sosai gamsai, kuma akai-akai amai. Yawan seizures, dangane da tsananin cutar, na iya zama daga 10 zuwa 25 a kowace rana, mafi yawansu duk - da dare, kuma da safe. A likita ji wani tari, ba shakka cewa cutar - whooping tari. Yadda za mu bi - ya dogara a kan da yawa nuances, amma daga baya a kan wannan.

Kafin hare haren, wanda na iya bambanta bisa ga tsananin, wani mutum zai iya jin rashin jin daɗi da kuma tashin hankali, ciwon makogwaro. A tsanani lokuta na whooping tari a lokacin haƙuri fuskar reddens, da jijiyoyinmu kumbura, idanunsa zubar hawaye, da kuma harshe protrudes haka nisa gaba da cewa shi zai iya haifar da katsewa na frenulum. Akwai iya zub da jini a kan fuskarsa, conjunctiva na ido. Tsakanin hare-haren da haƙuri yawanci ji daidai al'ada.

A mafi m abu a cikin wadannan hare-hare, musamman ga matasa da yara - oxygen yunwa, saukar da su jinkirta ko a daina numfashi a lokacin da ka yi a zahiri ya rayar da yaro: to tsotse gamsai daga hanci da makogwaro, yi wucin gadi numfasawa. Iyaye suke a cikin wani tsoro, da wuya m da irin wannan ayyuka, kuma ba wakiltar masu rinjaye, yadda za mu bi whooping tari a yara a cikin gida, saboda haka matasa da yara da ake zargin da cutar dole asibiti.

Spasmodic lokaci da cutar na iya wuce daga 2 zuwa 8 makonni. A hankali da mita da kuma tsanani daga hare-hare ya kwanta, amma da layering na sauran cututtuka yiwu farfado da tari. A lokacin da saura effects yana 2-3 makonni, da kuma wani lokacin ba. Ba tare da dalili a wasu kasashe, pertussis ake kira "da ɗari-rana tari" - wannan cuta ne da gaske sosai jinkirin.

Abin da ya faru a cikin jiki

Samun kan mucosa daga cikin manya na numfashi fili, akwai m ninka, kuma m ciliated epithelium na bronchi, trachea da maƙogwaro, game da shi, inducing spasm. A cikin jini da kwayoyin cuta a lokaci guda ba fada da ba yada a ko'ina cikin jiki. Daga bisani gida hangula rabe shiga wani take hakkin a tsakiya m tsarin matakin, wato samuwar mai mayar da hankali da zumudi a cikin numfashi cibiyar kwakwalwa. A sakamakon hare-haren tari na iya faruwa a mayar da martani ga wani mai kara kuzari: haske, m sauti, zafi. Wannan ya kamata ko da yaushe tuna idan akwai wata tambaya da yadda za a bi da tari a whooping tari - wani lokacin hari za a iya hana.

Zumudi iya kama da sauran cibiyoyin na kwakwalwa: da gag, da jijiyoyin bugun gini cibiyar da kwarangwal tsokoki. Saboda haka, bayan wani fadan na tari nadiri amai, suna jijiyoyin bugun gini spasms, cramps. Saboda hypoxia a cikin jiki ne damuwa oxygen musayar. Bayan duk na sama, pertussis toxin depressing sakamako a kan ja da maikacin jini, sa'an nan disrupting aiki na rigakafi da tsarin. A wannan jiha, yana yiwuwa ya dalaye da sakandare kamuwa da cuta, da kuma wannan yana bayyana da wani insidious wannan cuta.

ganewar asali pertussis

A na farko ganewar asali "whooping tari" za a iya sa a asibiti filaye, amma shi bukatar m tabbatarwa da dakin gwaje-gwaje gwaje-gwaje. Al'amarin da wahala da cewa kwayoyin shuka kawai a cikin prodromal lokaci da kuma lokacin da tari ya kadai kawai fara. Amma a farkon bayyanar cututtuka su ne sosai na kowa cututtuka da za a iya zargin pertussis - shi ne cewa sanannun hujja a lamba tare da rashin lafiya. Kuma a cikin tsakiyar cuta, a lokacin da babu shakka a gare, da kwayoyin da aka daina shuka - yawanci 4 makonni bayan farko na cutar da haƙuri ne ba da wani hadari ga wasu.

Daga cikin cututtuka na tari Bugu da kari, wani canji yakan faru a cikin huhu ne bayyane tare da X-haskoki, kazalika da matsakaici leucocytosis (saboda wani karuwa a yawan lymphocytes) a cikin jini, amma wadannan bayanan ba su cikakkar tabbatar da ganewar asali. A baya, saukarwa cuta serological hanyoyin amfani ga ganewa na antibodies. A halin yanzu, ɓullo da hanyoyin for kulawa da lifiya na pertussis, da barin daidai ganewar asali maza maza.

siffofin da cutar

A hankula nau'i na pertussis - wanda a cikin abin da cututtuka sun hada da hare-haren na spasmodic tari. Amma akwai kuma atypical siffofin da cutar da cewa an fi jure, amma lalle m, a ANNOBA sharuddan, a matsayin lokacin da za a ware da rashin lafiya, ba wanda ya zo hankali. Alal misali, sawa siffar, a cikin abin da cutar tare da quite wani "al'ada" tari, sai dai cewa mafi intrusive, amma spasmodic lokaci ne mãsu fakowa ba.

Abortive nau'i na pertussis yawanci fara, amma bayan wani lokaci da sauri karya, kuma whooping tari yana ba fiye da 1 mako. Akwai kuma gaba daya asymptomatic irin whooping tari, wanda ya auku a alurar riga kafi yara da kuma manya. A daidai wannan lokaci, tare da cikakken rashin bayyanar cututtuka, akwai aka seeding da pathogen.

A gaskiya, shi ne ba na hali ba, amma da wuya sosai cuta yakan faru a cikin yara kasa da shekaru 1 shekara. Yawanci, da shiryawa zamani taqaitaccen da catarrhal da convulsive yana tsawon. A wannan yanayin, spasmodic tari da reprises kamar yadda irin wannan zai iya zama mãsu fakowa ba. Seizures aka bayyana a cikin tashin hankali, kuka, hadarin gaske musamman jinkiri a numfashi.

Dangane da yawan hare-hare na tari da kuma gaban rakiyar mamaki kamar apnea, seizures, cyanosis fuska, cututtuka na zuciya, numfashi gazawar, asirce siffofin daban-daban da cuta: m (ba fi 15 hare-hare a kowace rana) mai tsanani, (fiye da 25) .

rikitarwa

Specific pertussis rikitarwa hada da na huhu emphysema, bayyanar cibiyarki da inguinal hernias, eardrum, hemorrhage, cuta na numfashi kari, bugun jini, encephalopathy. Non-takamaiman rikitarwa hade da Bugu da kari wani sakandare kwayan kamuwa da cuta. Wannan na iya zama ciwon huhu, mashako, kunne cututtuka, ciwon maƙõsai da sauran.

Magani ga whooping tari: Maganin rigakafi

Yanzu cewa shi ne bayyana daga abin da ya bayyana da kuma abin da ya razana irin cututtuka kamar whooping tari, cututtuka, yadda za mu bi, ko a kalla rage su - istinbadi tambaya. Asibiti tare da ganewar asali "whooping" kawai jarirai ko marasa lafiya da tsanani cuta ko a gaban rikitarwa. Sauran kana bukatar ka san yadda za mu bi da whooping tari a gida. Duk da haka, kalmar "magani" a cikin ma'anar magani amfani a whooping tari ne ba quite dace. Hakika, kamar wani kwayan kamuwa da cuta, pertussis halaka su da maganin rigakafi. Duk da haka, wadannan jamiái ne tasiri ne kawai a can farko da cutar.

Idan ka san gaskiya na yaro ko adult yana magana da rashin lafiya mutum, da bayanai game da abin da maganin rigakafi yi wa whooping tari farkon, ba shakka, zai zama da amfani. Pertussis coli an hallaka erythromycin, ampicillin, tetracycline da chloramphenicol, alhãli kuwa penicillin da kwayoyin ta gaba daya m. Aikace-aikace lokaci a catarrhal cututtuka na wadannan kwayoyi ne quite iya dakatar da ci gaban da cuta, ba tare da manyan zuwa spasmodic lokaci.

Zai yiwu ne kawai idan akwai lokacin da maganin rigakafi za a iya amfani da shi don rigakafin, ne sananne hujja a lamba tare da riga da lafiya. Wannan damar da isasshen lokaci don halakar da causative wakili na cuta, ba kyale shi zuwa mallakeku da epithelium na numfashi tsarin. Wannan a kasidunsu kuma tambayoyi zana yadda za mu bi whooping tari a yara, Komarovskiy E. O. - mai Popular yanzu a pediatrician - fa, tã hankalin iyaye.

Amma daga baya pertussis bacillus riga ya fita daga jiki, da kuma dalilin da yake a cikin hare-haren "kai", wato da shan kashi na tari cibiyar na cell. Saboda haka, a lokacin da spasmodic tari amfani maganin rigakafi idan muka ba su magana game bayyana bronchopulmonary rikitarwa riga impractical kuma ko da hadari, kamar yadda da tasiri da kanta iya fararwa a mafi tsanani Hakika na cutar. Yadda za mu bi whooping tari a cikin daga baya, saukarwa, daki-daki a kasa.

sauran kwayoyi

Likita na iya rubũta a wajen inganta Bronchial nassi da kuma kau da bronchospasm, misali, wani magani "Eufillin". Antitussives da mucolytics, saboda su gazawar, ba su yi amfani da. Hormones aka nada, idan cutar da wahala da numfashi kama, idan-kwakwalwa cuta. amfani da magani da kuma antihistamines. Used sedatives a cikin m irin na cuta, ko ma psychotropic kwayoyi - a mai tsanani cuta. Idan cutar da ake samu mai tsanani, yana iya zama ya dace da kwayoyi, inganta cerebral wurare dabam dabam, immunotherapy, oxygen far don rage tasirin hypoxia. A cikin wani hali, magani kayayyakin an wajabta ta likita, ko da lõkacin da ta je yadda za mu bi whooping tari a gida yanayi.

Samar da yanayi na dawo da

Abin baƙin ciki, magani ba shi da wajen iya wani dare magani whooping tari, idan cutar ya koma riga a cikin lokaci na spasmodic tari. Yadda za mu bi whooping tari, idan maganin rigakafi ne m, domin dalilin cewa jiki ne ba pathogens? Za ka iya kuma ya kamata ku yi jihãdi ga sauƙaƙe kai hare-hare da kuma hana rikitarwa. Don wannan karshen, wasu yanayi dole ne a hadu. Bayanin yadda za mu bi whooping tari, Komorowski biya musamman da hankali ga wadannan yanayi.

Saboda haka, shi ne ya zama wajibi iska a cikin dakin da aka damp da sanyi, da kuma halin da ake ciki - da a kwantar da hankula. Yawanci, tsakanin bouts yaro ji gaba daya lafiya, saboda haka kana bukatar mafi girma zai yiwu adadin lokaci, kiran duk dangi, da suke ciyarwa a waje, weather bayar da izni: babu wuya sanyi ko, conversely, bushe zafi. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata ka kauce wa m motsa jiki da kuma aiki wasanni.

Abin sha'awa, shi ne zai yiwu don rage zumudi tari cibiyar da haka muhimmanci bugun sama da dawo da, idan ka ƙirƙiri wani cibiyar a cikin kwakwalwa, a kalla aiki, tare da karfi tabbatacce motsin zuciyarmu. A cikin hali na yara za su kusanci sabon toys, da hankalin aikin da, wasanni tafiye-tafiye.

Musamman da hankali zai yi don a ba abinci ci. To ciyar da wani rashin lafiya yaro ya zama kananan rabo, pre-yankakken kayayyakin. Idan bayan wani abinci bi ta a fadan na amai, da daraja ta supplementation a 10-15 minti - shi ne wata ila cewa kara harin zai kasance da sauki.

Marasa lafiya sau da yawa koka da cewa na dogon lokaci ba ya wuce saura bushe tari bayan whooping tari. Fiye da mu bi da shi idan al'ada symptomatic jamiái ne cikakken m? Da farko, ka yi haƙuri, kuma kokarin duk yana nufin Ya tsarkake da kuma humidify da iska ku numfashi, har zuwa yiwu ga ziyarci mafi akai-akai a cikin tafkunan ko kawai a waje.

Duk na sama shawarwari zai zama daidai da amfani idan akwai bukatar don ƙarin bayani a kan yadda za mu bi da whooping tari a cikin manya da yara a.

Yadda za mu bi whooping tari jama'a magunguna

Daya daga cikin tsofaffin hanyoyi ne don amfani da tafarnuwa a whooping tari. Haka kuma, shi ne amfani da ciki da kuma inhaled ya turare, 'yan cloves rataye a kusa wuyansa. Ko maganin gargajiya yayi sha madara, Boiled da tafarnuwa da kuma rub da kirji na haƙuri gruel tafarnuwa tare da naman alade mai, sa compresses na tafarnuwa-zuma cakuda.

Hakika, akwai yalwa da girke-girke, da yadda za a bi da whooping tari a yara jama'a magunguna ta yin amfani da ganye. A gaskiya, na manya, wadannan hanyoyi kuma suna dacewa. Mafi sau da yawa da aka ambata shuke-shuke kamar thyme, Violet, marshmallow tushen, ganye thyme, plantain, uwa da kuma uwar rana na wadda aka yi tattali infusions da decoctions. A general, whooping tari, da maganin gargajiya bada shawarar kusan guda nufin kamar yadda a cikin wani tari. Akwai daga cikin girke-girke decoction na 'ya'yan ɓaure a madara, black radish ruwan' ya'yan itace da zuma. Da alama cewa duk hanyoyi shi ne mafi alhẽri ba don amfani dabam da kuma amfani a tare da tare da riga hõrarru jagororin domin magani.

rigakafin

Idan ka zargin wani haƙuri pertussis ya kamata a ware da farko tunawa da kwarai transmissibility da cutar. An yi imani da cewa kawai Hanyar hana pertussis ne alurar riga kafi. A Rasha an aikata tun shekarar 1965 domin maganin alurar riga kafin yara a ƙarƙashin da shekaru 3 da shekaru. Duk da haka, alurar riga kafi ba da tabbacin lifelong rigakafi. Nakasar m kariya da cutar ba ya wanzu - ko da wani jariri na iya zama kamuwa. Amma wata rana bayan fama da wani pertussis riga ya kafa wani karfi rigakafi - kuma wannan cuta sha musamman rare.

Kwatanta yadda za mu bi whooping tari a yara, Komarovskiy E. O. Notes cewa alurar riga kafi na bayar da kariya ne kawai ga 'yan shekaru, amma a cikin yin haka kare yara a wani shekaru a lokacin da cuta shi ne mafi hatsari a gare su. Duk da haka, a kan daidaita, ya kamata mu ambaci cewa DPT maganin ne kiyaye mafi tsanani da rikitarwa, saboda abin da aka kullum ake ci gaba, tsara za a alurar riga kafi da pertussis mafi aminci ga yara.