Wheelsets kekunan shanu. Laifinsu wheelsets w / kekunan shanu

Running kaya jiragen kasa ya hada da wani jam'i na zane abubuwa, amma da key daya ne wheelset. Akwai daban-daban versions na bangaren, da kuma sũ suke sãɓa ba fãce a cikin size da kuma siffar, amma kuma da ikon yin tsayayya daban-daban lodi. A fannoni da dama, wannan halayyar ne hukunci ga aiki rayuwa undercarriage. Furodusa farko endow shi da abubuwa na high yi m, amma, ba shakka, wannan bai da garantin cikakken kawar da breakdowns da malfunctions. Ko da kuwa da nufi da kuma yadda ake amfani da kai, dabaran nau'i-nau'i daga motoci bukatar kula da wannan yanayin. Af, da na farko lalacewa ne na al'ada - wani abu da ake bukata na ma'aikatan dace ganewa na yankunan kusa da gazawar da kuma gudanar da wani dacewa gyara ayyukan.

Sanadin da gãfartawa

Duk da yin amfani da robust zane da high-ƙarfi karfe gami, karfi da tsauri da kuma a tsaye lodi iya kai ba kawai don sa amma kuma zuwa nakasawa. A mafi saukin kamuwa da irin wannan mamaki wheelsets sufurin kaya motoci, tun a cikin jirgin kasa ya auku a lokacin da kara irin ƙarfin lantarki ga lamba sashi daga cikin dogo da ƙafafun. Saboda haka, domin rage illar da irin wannan hulda dabara hada da carbon gami a cikin manyan rabbai. Ko dai hanya, da kaya za a iya ƙara idan ƙungiya kasance a kan yankunan da hanya kwanciya kwana - shi halitta ƙarin danniya saboda centrifugal karfi.

Kada mu yi tunanin cewa wata biyu da fasinja jiragen kasa da gagarumin amfanin a cikin nau'i na low lodi. A bangare, ba shakka, da kasada a cikin wannan harka ƙananan, amma naushe da jerks a cikin motsi ma daukar kwayar cutar undercarriage, inda wheelset fasinja mota zai lalace a ƙarshe. Yana da daraja abin lura, da kuma sauran abubuwan da ya shafi yanayin ƙafafun. Daga gare su, da birki da karfi skid zamewa sakamako, da axis of maras so lamba tare da tuki part, maki, crossings da sauransu. D. Yanzu za ka iya ƙarin koyo game da fi na kowa iri da gãfartawa.

Sumul-lalacewa nau'i-nau'i daga ƙafafun

Da dama jinsin kungiyoyin na irin wannan lalacewa. Na farko shi ne samuwar wani uniform mirgina, wanda sha wheelsets carriages ko da a al'ada aiki. Bayyanar da irin wannan nakasawa saboda gaskiyar cewa wani karfi tashin hankali, wanda ya haddasa ƙafafun zuwa mirgine gaba surface halitta lamba tare da reluwe da kuma birki gammaye.

Kuma rarraba m subfloor. An halin bayyanar nakasawa zones ba a fadin dukan lamba yankin na zone, amma kawai a wasu gatura. Wannan ya nuna cewa da dabaran nau'i-nau'i daga motoci da aka samar daga m rarraba Properties fadin gami taro. Wannan ne evidenced da bayyanar da irin wannan cika, musamman a kan aure a cikin nau'i-nau'i kansu. Bugu da ari, shi ya kamata a lura da madauwari kara. Yana za a iya lura waje lamba na dabaran baki a lokacin da taro na ganye a tarnaƙi na bevel.

Sa saman patines

A nakasawa da wannan irin ma faruwa a yankin na lamba zone. Feature na lalacewa ne cewa shi ya auku a lokacin da tuki a skid. Saboda haka, nakasawa na mirgina saman ne sau da yawa hade da disturbances a cikin birki kushin. Gani irin wheelsets Laifi bayyana a matsayin darjewa - wannan lebur rabo a karfe surface wani farin launi. Duk da cewa a lokacin da aiki, irin lahani ba sa tsanani matsaloli, da suka iya zuwa da wani daban-daban irin matsala.

Gaskiyar ita ce, a wuraren da nunin da aka kusan ko da yaushe kiyaye darajar zafi, wanda aka ruwaito zurfi a cikin baki. A karshen, kafa da ake kira vyscherbiny entailing wani takamaiman launi a wani wuri cika. A tsawon lokaci, da wheelset farawa sensitively amsa ga wani magudi "zane", wanda entails bayyanar bumps a cikin shasi. Saboda haka, idan nunin faifai an gano fiye da 1 mm, gudun da jirgin kasa mai tsanani hani an hõre. Af, mafi saukin kamuwa zuwa nakasawa irin wheelset locomotive da kuma sufurin kaya wagon. Abin lura shi ne cewa cikin kudi na samuwar da nunin dogara a kan kakar - misali, a cikin hunturu da kuma farkon spring da kasada na mafi girma ilimi.

axis laifi

Laifinsu a cikin wuyansa, kuma predpodstupichnyh sau da yawa da aka bayyana a cikin hanyar kananan-sized gatura. A dalilai domin wannan zai iya zama da dama. A nakasawa faruwa da farko saboda kasa m connection a kuma waɗannan lokuta inda tsabtace daga karfe saman da tsatsa samuwar aka kuskure hukuncin kisa. Har ila yau wheelset aksali ne sau da yawa hõre samu karaya kuma fasa a cikin wuraren da suka fi gajiyan. Wadannan matakai faruwa saboda cyclic danniya, gaban yankunan da mika mulki sassan da discontinuities na karfe kanta. Hakika, ba a cire da kuma yawan gazawar kamar yadda arancinsu karfi da aka makala kusoshi da kwayoyi.

karfe Navar

Wannan lalacewa thermomechanical hali da kai hari da wheelsets kekunan shanun hawa saman. A lokacin da irin nakasawa dubawa gyarawa karfi zone abu da U-dimbin yawa form. A ainihi, wani irin roba nakasawa tafiyar matakai. Matsakaicin shift dama a kan tsakiyar ɓangare na lamba tsiri. Bi da bi, da ƙaramar shift za a iya samu a gefuna. A sabili da irin wannan lalacewar ne rarraba kaya matsa lamba a kan lamba yankin.

Janar matakan na goyon baya na ƙafafun

M matakan taimaka mika aiki ƙafafun. Maintenance ya shafi yin dubawa, jarrabawa, alamomi don gyara ayyukan, da sauransu. D. Idan muka magana game da fasaha da matakan, mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu shi ne dama jujjũyãwar dabaran sets tare da m Layer daga karfe kau. Number obtochek rage saboda na musamman ayyuka da nufin inganta AMINCI dabaran da nau'i-nau'i da kuma kawar da data kasance kasawan na shasi. A musamman, kwararru jihãdi don kawar da ikon dalilai, wanda ke faruwa a lokacin aiki kuma su ne saboda a baya jawo wa kansu lahani. Alal misali, shafe ta da matsala a cikin spring karfe sassa cewa shafar ingancin da shasi tushe.

A gyara aiki

Gyara ayyukan ake yi a cikin na musamman machining zone bayan da aka gyara an sosai tsabtace. A wani musamman sashen gudanar da wani canji na ƙafafun, da juya ko dauke da fitar waldi ayyukan. Idan ka shirya gyara na dabaran da nau'i-nau'i domin canza profile abubuwa, aikin da aka yi amfani da musamman shaci. Ya kamata a lura da cewa halatta karkacewa a cikin sigogi da ƙafafun na template ne 1 mm a kunya tsawo, da kuma a kan ciki fuskoki da ski da site - 0.5 mm. Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da lantarki waldi aiki za a iya amfani da a gyara. Irin wannan kayan aiki da aka sarrafa da yankan da thread axis kuma ta pivot apertures.

ƙarshe

Akwai musamman dokokin da cewa daki-daki fentin matsalar aiki na samfur wheelsets, kazalika da hanyoyin da fasahar kawar da nakiyar da kuma rigakafin. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa shasi abubuwa a kan dukan sa dalilai inji Properties. A sakamakon haka, wasan kwaikwayon da kuma sabis rai na wheelset dogara ba kawai a kan ingancin hanyoyi, amma kuma a kan birki tsarin, spring-spring naúrar, yanayin na zirga-zirga, da ma lokaci na shekara.