Vladimir Kremlin: tarihi da kuma bayanin

Vladimir Kremlin - musamman kufaifan. Wadannan aka located in kowace babbar birni na zamanin d Rasha. Da farko, an kira da kagara. A tsakiyar ɓangare na yarjejeniya masu garu kusurwoyi farko katako, da na dutse daga baya ya fara gina. Yana da aka sanye take da battlements da hasumiya. A zamanin d Rus 'sansanin soja da aka mai da ake bukata kafun shiri dauke da wani birni.

Location Kremlin Vladimir

Vladimir Kremlin asali zauna a cikin zuciya na gari. Kuma ana iya gani a yau a kan tudu. Ya sũranta su a falalen kan sunã gudãna a cikin birnin Klyazma. Kullum ake magana a kai a matsayin Kirsimeti sufi.

A tsakiyar zamanai da Vladimir Kremlin located a kan iyakar Pechernego birni. Daga gabas zuwa da karkararta adjoined tsanya da kuma babbar katanga. A arewacin Kremlin tafi a kan wani zamani titi Bolshaya Moskovskaya, da kuma a yammacin ɓangare na da Kremlin ƙuntata Nicholas Church tare da shirayi. Yau, da wannan tsarin taka wata muhimmiyar rawa da ma'ana mai silhouette birnin. Yana offers mai girma view na low floodplain.

tarihi Kremlin

Bisa ga data kasance al'ada, da sufi, wanda aiki a matsayin dalilin samuwar na Vladimir Kremlin, ya bayyana a 1175. Ya aza Bogolyubskii gida Prince Andrew, wanda ya shahara ga cewa ga shi Vladimir-Suzdal sarauta ya sanya gagarumin ci gaba da kuma amfanin kan makwabtanta, ƙarshe zama daya daga cikin cibiyoyin da Rasha jihar.

A 1192 riga sabon yarima mai suna Vsevolod, wanda aka yi wa lakabi da Big gurbi, kafa a wadannan wurare wani farin dutse babban coci. Wannan hudu-al'amudin tsarin gina a yarda da duk hadisai na Vladimir-Suzdal gine da aka sosai raya a karshen na XII karni. Don yau babban coci, da rashin alheri, ya ba tsira.

A 1219, da kauri, keɓewarsa ta Haikalin, ko da yake a wannan lokaci ya har yanzu ba a kammala har karshen. A 1230 da ya bude Archimandrite, kuma a lokaci da ya zama daya daga cikin manyan Kirista gidajen lama a dukan na Arewa maso Gabas na Rasha. A nan a 1263 samu karshe kyaun wurin ƙailũla Aleksandr Nevsky.

A sakamakon haka, rawar da farko sufi a Vladimir (daga baya Moscow) shige zuwa Rozhen sufi. A wannan damar, ya dade har zuwa shekara 1561, a lokacin da lakabi na girmamawa ya wuce zuwa Triniti-Sergius Lavra.

Stone yi a cikin sufi da aka sabunta a cikin XVII karni. A 1654, kararrawa hasumiya bayyana a matsayin majestic ginshiƙai da takwas fuskoki dabam-dabam. A 1659 da suka gina wani cell. An muhimmanci mataki a cikin cin Convent sanya, a lõkacin da ta yi aiki a matsayin mai rector a Archimandrite Vincent. A wannan lokaci, mun gina da dutse da bẽnãye, kazalika da fraternal jiki.

A karshen wannan karni akwai Gate Church of Nativity, wanda shi ne kai tsaye m zuwa gabatarwa na refectory.

A kwanan nan tarihi na sufi

Kaya daga Aleksandra Nevskogo aka canjawa wuri daga Vladimir zuwa Alexander Nevsky Lavra lokacin da Bitrus I. A wannan lokaci, da mafi yawan yankin na sufi da aka masu garu da dutse garu da hasumiyoyin. Tun 1744 aiki a nan bishop gidan a Vladimir diocese. A 1748 da bishop gina wani dutse jam'iyya.

Tuni a cikin XIX karni facades ma gina, da ciki na Kwayoyin canza. A na gaba mataki a cikin canji na Vladimir Kremlin, wanda photo ne a cikin wannan labarin, da ake dangantawa da zamanin gwamnatin a Rasha, Alexander II. Yana nan ya fara wani gyara da kuma maido da sufi da kuma babban coci tare da shi. A 1859, da fraternal jiki gina daga dutse outbuilding. A ciki da kuma kayan ado na jiki bambanta muhimmanci.

Mallakar gwamnati cell sāke gina, overhauled a 1867 canza ƙofar coci da kuma refectory. A daidai wannan lokaci shi canja da kayan ado episcopal bẽnãye.

Karkashin Soviet mulki,

A Soviet sau, da tarihi na Vladimir Kremlin, photos of wanda aka gabatar a wannan labarin, ya halartar gagarumin canje-canje. A 1930, bisa ga umurnin hukumomin kasar karya kararrawa hasumiyar da babban coci. Daga baya, cikin sufi da ginin da aka akai-akai gyara, kuma a cikin hadaddun aka gina 'yan gine-gine. Mafi yawa daga cikin tsira da gine-gine suna sanya bulo, ingãtattu da fentin.

Kirsimeti sufi da kanta ne musamman domin birni abu. Tare da kewaye gine-gine da shi Forms musamman Skyline da ciwon mai girma na tarihi muhimmanci. Don sun tsira zama da jama'a gine-gine a cikin Baroque style. Duk da gagarumin hasarori, sufi da kuma a yau ya bayyana mana a cikin marigayi na da-style gini da free shiryawa.

da Kremlin

The gine-gine da gungu na Vladimir Kremlin aka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin, lullube daga yamma zuwa gabas. Its siffar ne kama da wani trapezoid. A gabas ne kõma zuwa kabari, da kuma kudancin ƙasar tudu yana da iyaka. Daga yamma zuwa gabas akwai sel da Kirsimeti sufi.

Idan ka shawarta zaka ziyarci Vladimir Kremlin, jan hankali ga review za su isa. Baya daga ambata Cathedral of Nativity na Virgin, shi ne kuma mai kararrawa hasumiya, wanda nasa ne da coci Aleksandra Nevskogo.

The gine-gine, ya hada da Gate Church of St. Prince Aleksandra Nevskogo, kazalika da ɗakin sujada Nikolaya Chudotvortsa. Masu ziyara iya samun zuwa datsa Church of Nativity, Gate Church of St. Ioanna Predtechi, mallakar gwamnati cell, hawa-ƙõfar, sufi gine-gine, a kan Memorial Cross, da bishop asirce jiki, dubi hasumiya, da ganuwar.

zato Cathedral

Akwai kuma Vladimir Kremlin (Kremlin tarihi da aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki a cikin wannan labarin) ne zaton Cathedral. Ya kuma bayyana a zamanin mulkin Prince Vladimir Andreya Bogolyubskogo.

Addini gini da aka gina da fari dutse, wanda aka musamman kawo wa yi site na Volga Bulgaria. Gina shi ya fara a 1158. Amma a 1185-m, a cikin wani wanda ba a kare gini, akwai wata babbar wuta wadda halakar da yawa daga abin da an riga an yi. By cewa lokaci, da coci da daya kawai kai, amma a wannan tsawo yana da muhimmanci m ga St. Sophia Cathedral a Kiev, kuma ko da a Novgorod.

Zo ga ikon , Prince Vsevolod Big gurbi ɗauka cewa Cathedral kara biyu hudu surori. Ya canza a 1408, a lokacin da fenti ya frescoes da gumaka na Andrei Rublev kansa ya isa. Abin lura shi ne cewa frescoes kiyaye wannan rana. Wasu daga cikin su zai iya saduwa da yawon bude ido da suka yanke shawara su ziyarci yau Vladimir Hall na Kremlin.

"New" da "vetchany" birni

Yammacin tarihi na Vladimir aka kira da "sabon" birni. Ko a zamanin da aka kewaye da manyan kufaifan. Domin neman kariya daga abokan gaba suka sanye take shafts kamar 9 mita high. Su sare katako ganuwar da sansanin soja. Da farko, a cikin wannan ɓangare na tsohon birnin ƙofar hasumiyar ne hudu, uku daga wanda aka gina a matsayin katako.

"Vetchany" ko "haihuwa", birnin da yake a cikin gabashin ɓangare na zamanin d Vladimir. Located nan Posad. Wannan yanki, dake waje da Kremlin, Vladimir, wanda tarihi ya san da yawa mamayar. Saboda haka, detachment, wanda yake a cikin ganuwar da Kremlin, a kai a kai ya kare da townspeople.

A zamanin sarkin Andreya Bogolyubskogo wannan ɓangare na birnin da aka kiyaye shi ta katako, ganuwar da kuma itatuwa. Nan da nan akwai har yanzu wasu fari dutse ƙofofi, wanda aka fi sani da Silver. Duk da haka, da katako, ganuwar muhimmanci rududdugaggu a kan lokaci. An saboda wannan gabashin birnin da ake kira "vetchany". Wannan kalma a cikin zamani ji daidai da "haihuwa."

A 1157, Vladimir kasance daya daga cikin key biranen Rasha. Gaskiyar cewa Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii dauki da lakabi na Grand Duke. Ya aka sanya shi bayan ya yi, ban da Vladimir, Suzdal har yanzu mallaki kuma ci gaban, kazalika da Moore da Kiev. Har ila yau kada ka manta da cewa a cikin Smolensk, Ryazan da Novgorod, ya kiyaye wakilai,. Irin wannan autocracy ya sa mai girma rashin biyan bukata daga boyars, wadanda suka yi kokarin yin tsayayya da rinjayar da cikakkar Bogolyubsky.

Tsoron tashin, Andarawas da ya fara ba da wani garu tsaron gida tsarin a cikin Vladimir yankin. Ya matsananciyar bukata a da-kare fada. Duk da haka, saboda tarihin da muka sani cewa hasumiya, da ganuwar high shi bai ajiye.

A 1174, sai aka soke zuwa mutuwa ta kansa manya a kauyen Bogolyubovo.

Tatar mamayewa

Vladimir Kremlin, wanda adireshin kabilu da zuriya, 70, sha wahala mai tsanani mamayewa na Tatar-Mongol. Yayin da siyasa da tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki na gari, wanda shi ne batun wannan labarin, an yi tsanani gurgunta da Batu Khan. Yana daya daga cikin na farko birane da cewa sha wahala daga mamayewa na Tatar-Mongol. A 1238, da yawa hari invaders kafa sansani kusa da ganuwar birnin. Tsaro jagorancin 'ya'yan Vsevolodovich, mai suna Vsevolod da Mstislav.

Suna so su yi yaƙi da abokan gaba, amma sojojin da cewa kare birnin da aka ma kananan. Mafi yawa daga cikin Rasha sojojin tafi a kan kogin zauna, inda manyan sikelin-tarin sojojin Rasha da aka sanar. Saboda wannan dalili, da na gida gwamnan Peter Oslyadyukovich, wanda ya jagoranci tsaro na Vladimir, yanke shawarar ci gaba da tsaro daga shafts.

A Tartars ba nan da nan ya yanke shawarar kai farmaki da kyau garu Vladimir Kremlin. Suka yi ta jira. Batu kafa sansani a gaban Golden Gate. Gudanar da su washe da Suzdal da Vladimir bai kai farmaki duk.

A wannan yanayin, da Tatars aka ƙoƙarin zana abokan adawar a cikin bude adawa. Domin wannan, suka ma kashe matasa prince Vladimir Yuryevich, wanda aka dauka fursuna a Battle of Moscow. Mafi m, bayan Mstislav, Vsevolod kafa game da kokarin saka ɗan'uwansa.

birni Sturm

A watan Fabrairu, da Tatars fara wani m bombardment na Vladimir Kremlin. Su yi amfani da kewaye makamai. kare birnin, har ma da kokarin mika wuya. Amma matasa Vsevolod, wanda ya bar tare da wata kyauta ga ku yi sulhu, aka kashe shi a kan umarni na Batu.

A bombardment na ganuwar da Vladimir Kremlin rushe. Duk da haka, da kare su iya ci gaba da tsaro na ƙasa na New Town. Kashegari da hari da aka maimaita. Hani da barin kawai Golden Gate. Babbar sassan na bango a kusa da kudancin ƙofar kasance halakakku.

Tatar-mangolawa shawo kan ramuka, kuma ya shigo cikin birni a lokaci guda daga kusurwoyi mabambanta. By karkatar rana ya karshe an kama.

Vladimir a dakushe

Bayan da shan kashi na Tatar-mangolawa muhimmancin birnin a matsayin karfi tattalin arziki da siyasa cibiyar ya auku markedly. A lokaci guda ya ci gaba da ƙa'ida dauki daya daga cikin manyan Rasha birane. A sakamakon haka, a 1299 shi ne a nan cewa housed da mazaunin Rasha metropolitans.

A karshe rasa ta geopolitical muhimmancin da garin a cikin XIV karni. Palm koma Moscow. Da maimaitawa na Vladimir da Kremlin kawai ya fara a zamanin mulkin Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. A birnin fara gyara garun, wadda ta zo a cikin wata na musamman ƙi.

A cikin XVIII karni

Vladimir Kremlin, tarihi da kuma bayanin da aka gabatar a wannan labarin, a cikin XVIII karni, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin al'adun birnin. Yayin da umurnin Bitrus I da aka kafa ta Moscow lardin. Vladimir an dangana ga shi a matsayin daya daga cikin larduna birane.

A wannan yanayin, ga kasar a matsayin dukan birni aka ƙara rasa da muhimmancin. Wannan ya musamman bayan Aleksandra Nevskogo sauran kaya da aka hawa zuwa St. Petersburg don ƙarfafa ikon sabon babban birnin kasar. Bayan da manyan jami'an kasar, da kuma duk ya fara faru da wuya a Vladimir.

Yanzu da Kremlin ya zauna kawai partially. Mafi yawa daga shi ne kusan gaba daya hallaka.