Vintage raka'a: jerin. Vintage tsawon raka'a

A yau duniya na fasaha sharuddan aka yi amfani da su domin auna tsawon, juz'i, nauyi. A dabi'u na wadannan jiki yawa suna a fili a tsare a cikin shigar raka'a. Kafin zuwan kayyade nagartacce domin sanin girman abubuwa ko da nesa da tsoho naúrar na ji amfani.

labarin

Mutane a cikin tsari na rayuwa, soja, da kuma kasuwanci da ayyukan na dogon lokaci yana zuwa ƙayyade da yawa na dukiya a wurin musanya, da yin lissafi da yanki na ƙasar aunawa nisa tsakanin biranen, amfani da girma a cikin shiri masana'antu. The daidaito daga cikin dabi'u samu tare da taimakon na zamanin d matakan, ba shi yiwuwa a tabbatar. A mafi tsufa naúrar dabi'u - wadannan ne na ra'ayin wani matsayin, a cikin ra'ayi na zamani mutumin shi ne cikakken m, a Wauta.

Alal misali, Japan "doki-takalma" - a lokacin da doki ya sawa rauno Kofaton. Siberian "Beech" - da adadin da wanda idon mutum zai iya daina bambanta tsakanin zankayen wani bijimin. Greek "saukarwa" - da nesa tafiya leisurely taki kan lokaci daga farkon asuba zuwa cikakken bayyanar da rana sama da sararin sama. Persian "farce" - wani gwargwado na tsawon, wanda za a iya kammala a cikin awa daya.

A zamanin d tarihin da aka faɗa musu game da abin da tsoho naúrar na ji amfani da kakanninmu. Don sanin da yin amfani da ko da yaushe ya kasance tare da shi, da kuma zai kasance wani gwargwado naúrar. Kamar yadda wani ma'auni na'urar amfani da sassan jikin mutum da kuma ta jiki siffofin: wani mataki, dintsi, gwiwar hannu, span, fathoms, ƙafãfunmu, inch.

tsoho Rus

Domin tsoho Rasha ne halin da siffatawa maganganu for nesa tabbatar da dalilin - "jifa", "Kibiyar jirgin," "ranar tafiya." Wadannan dabi'u da aka dimbin yawa kawai shafi wani takamaiman source, da aikata wadannan ayyukan. Akwai kuma wasu 'yan qasar Rasha tsoho naúrar na tsawon. Field - nesa na 20 mil, - bayyana Epifanii hikima. Quarter - rabin kadada - yi amfani a karkashin Ivan da Munin.

Historical metrology - da kimiyya da karatu da tsoho naúrar na ji na jiki yawa. A zamanin d tsarin na ji naúrar matakan da aka ba dole ba ne ya ƙidaya a gidan goma dabi'u. Wasu dabi'u za a iya kwatanta da juna:

• bakwai feet - daidaita 3 da makarai na,
• inch - 4 inci,
• gwiwar hannu - 2 inch,
• yadi - 2 gwiwar hannu
• verst - 500 makarai.

Don kauce wa rikice, akwai na musamman lists, wanda ƙaddara rabo da aka rajista. Duk da haka, da suka ba za a iya dauka a matsayin wani al'amari domin ko span iya bambanta a size. Tsohon naúrar na ji na jiki yawa zauna a sosai m jerin, da wuya a gane da zamani mutum. Ancient kirgawa awo - dozin ganga (12 raka'a), biyar sau arba'in Sable (200 guda), nauyi (144 dozin) - a zamanin yau za a iya wakilta a cikin nau'i na saba gidan goma tsarin.

Samar ji nagartacce a Rasha

Tsohon raka'a a Rasha da aka yi amfani da duk duniyoyin na mutum aiki. An fara daga XVI karni Rasha kokarin kafa na kowa dabi'u tsarin. A cikin XVIII karni dangane da ci gaban kasashen waje cinikayya ya zama dole a daidai sarrafa matakan. Sai ya juya daga cewa bambancin da data kasance raka'a matakan, halittar matsayin tsari ba sauki. By 1736 Hukumar da ke majalisar dattijai kafa kwamitin da ma'aunin nauyi da mudu karkashin jagorancin Count Golovkin, inda abar matakan da aka dauka don kafa wani aikin gidan goma manufa na ji dabi'u.

A wancan lokaci, kasashen waje tsabar kudi da kuma daraja karafa auna kan shigo cikin kwastan da kuma lokacin shigar da mints - da taro na duk samun daban-daban. Scale model na St. Petersburg Kwastan, hawa zuwa Majalisar Dattawa, sun kasance kuskure ga wani zance samfurin. Peter na layin da aka dauka a matsayin abar awo na tsawon. Chetverik Moscow kwastan gano daya sako-sako da aiki.

A uniform tsarin na ji a Turai da kuma Rasha

Ko a zamanin mulkin Bitrus da Great Rasha kashi dauki English awo tsarin. Metrological garambawul da aka soma ga ci gaban harkokin kasuwanci da kuma sojojin ruwa, musamman na yin amfani da ƙafafunsa, da makarai da inci tsiwirwirinsu a Shipbuilding. Karkashin Nicholas I umurnin da aka soma a watan Oktoba 1835, wanda ya kafa Rasha tsarin na kaya masu nauyi da kuma matakan. A karshen May 1875 da wakilan da Tsarist Rasha sun amince da Meter Yarjejeniyar. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev kishin da yawa da hankali ga aikin a kan dokar a kan awo tsarin, wanda kawai a 1917 aka gane a matsayin ɗaurinSa.

Janairu 1, 1927 an maye gurbinsu Nuremberg weighting tsarin amfani da harhada magunguna, da awo tsarin.

Ancient matakai a cikin labarin baki da kuma ayyukan

A na kowa magana na zamani Rasha mutumin tsohon raka'a, da kuma ake sanya su kalmomi kiyaye su a cikin maganganu muhimmi a baka labarin baki:

• babbar haruffa - manyan write,
• baiwa - wani nuna alama daga cikin tunani,
• Kolomna verst - wani sosai tsayi mutum,
• QFontDatabase bakwai feet a kafadu - mutumin powerfully gina,
• daga tukunya biyu inci - karamin girma.

A zamanin d definition sau da yawa za a samu a littattafai da bayyana abubuwan tarihin a cikin waqoqi da kuma tatsuniyoyi.

tsawon

Ancient naúrar na tsawon amfani a Rasha tun tallafi na kalmar a 1835 kuma har zuwa 1917:

• yatsa - game 2 santimita,
• nokot - kadan fiye da 1 santimita,
• inch - game 4.5 centimeters,
• kwata - 17.8 cm,
• Elbow - a cewar daban-daban kimomi daga 38 zuwa 47 santimita,
• yadi - 71,12 santimita,
• kafar - game 30.5 centimeters,
• bakwai feet - 2.14 mita (rabuwa da aka sanya a kan QFontDatabase sazhen -2.5 mita da kuma flywheel - 1,76 mita)
• 1 mil na - 1.07 kilomita.

Wasu matakan da raka'a aka ƙirƙira by kakanninmu domin sanin yankin. Wadannan jiki yawa ana amfani da su sanin size na ƙasar, yi, merrymaking. Har ila yau, wadannan Figures zama a matsayin ma'auni ga lissafi na haraji a kan ƙasar. Mafi shahara mataki yankin, sunayen wanda za a iya samu a zamanin d charters - shi ne square miles, a garma, da kwata, da zakar.

The karami tsoho naúrar na tsawon amfani da zamani metrology line. Dalili na dabi'u dauka alkama hatsi. Wannan adadi ne game da 2.5 mm.

girma

Vintage naúrar for granular da ruwa gawarwakin kira gurasa da ruwan inabi matakan. Back a cikin XV karni, amfani da ban mamaki golvazhnya (gishiri ganga), Lucknow, kuma cleanings (hatsi). Dangane da Gwargwadon wuri bambance bambancen Vyatskaya burodi marten, Smolensk ganga saptsa Perm, tsohon Rasha Bast da Poshev.

A rayuwar yau da kullum da kuma kasuwanci don auna cinye Household Ware: boilers, ladles, kwalba, tukwane, tubs, Bratina, Konovko. The damar irin dabi'u bambanta a kan wani babba range: da tukunyar jirgi zai iya zama daga 20 zuwa poluvedra buckets.

nauyi

Ancient Rus matakan hada da tsohon tsarin na taro raka'a, ba tare da wanda ba shi yiwuwa a kula da cinikayya. Daga cikin su:

1. Grand - 0.062 grams, sunadarai taro naúrar.
2. Spool - 4.266 grams, kamar yadda wani nauyi naúrar tsira har karni na ashirin, ya daidaita da eponymous tsabar kudin.
3. An takwas - 50 grams, da sunan da wannan ma'auni na nauyi dauki 1/8 tamanin da kore.
4. Yawa - 12,797 grams, ya daidaita uku na spool.
5. Laba - 410 grams, asali kira gida kudin. Wannan shi ne ainihin naúrar na taro kiri da craft lokuta amounted zuwa 96 na spool, shi da aka yi amfani da sanin da nauyin da daraja karfe.
6. Pud - 40 lbs, 16,38 kg. An sani cewa yin amfani da wannan ma'auni na nauyi da aka da'awar tun 12th karni. Yana da aka soke kawai a 1924
7. Batman - 4.1 kg.
8. Berkovets - 163,8 kg, babban ma'aunin nauyi ga wholesale cinikayya. Bjork zo daga sunan tsibirin. Yana yayi daidai da 10 pudam. An sani nassoshi wannan ma'auni a cikin shatan hali na XII karni.

Harkokin waje na harshe ji matakan

A rayuwa ta zamani, tushen da ji tsarin ne kilogram, mita da kuma na biyu. Wadannan dabi'u suna saba kuma abin dogara. Duk da haka, da tsoho naúrar na ji a kimiyyar lissafi amfani da wasu kasashe har zuwa yanzu.

Birtaniya tsarin:

1. Birtaniya pint - game da 0,57 lita.
2. FL ozoji - 30 ml.
3. Ganga - for daban-daban abubuwa bambanta insignificantly girma ne game da 159 lita. Yana iya zama wani ma'auni na adadin man da aka sanshi giya, "Faransanci", "English" ganga.
4. Carat - 0.2 grams. Ana amfani domin sanin da taro na gemstones.
5. Oza - 28,35 grams. Amfani da su domin auna nauyin daraja karafa.
6. Birtaniya kore - 0,45 kg.

Sin matakan:

1. 1 Do - 576 mita.
2. 1 Liang - 37.3 grams.
3. 1 fen - 0,32 cm.

Daga zamanin da, ɗan adam yana bukatar tsarin na ji na daban-daban na zahiri yawa. Yana da ya wajaba don auna nauyi da girma, domin sanin ko nesa, sanin lokaci. Muhimmancin m ma'aunai ƙara da ci gaban al'umma. New sharuddan ga ji na dabi'u, amma sau da yawa a cikin adabi ko a yau da kullum jawabin ya haskaka tsoho matakan da ake amfani da zamani a rayuwar. Ilimi na zamanin d dabi'u cewa nuna awo data, kyale a adana tarihi.