Ust-Ilimskaya HPP: hoto, adireshin. Ginin Ust-Ilimskaya HPP

A cikin yankin Irkutsk, a kan kogin Angara, daya daga cikin 'yan wutar lantarki a kasar nan yana samuwa, wanda ya biya kansa kafin karshen aikin. Wannan shi ne Ust-Ilimskaya HPP, mataki na uku a cikin tashar tashoshi a kan Angara.

Basin Angarsk

A cikin shekaru 30 na karni na ƙarshe, masana kimiyyar Rasha da injiniyoyi suna sha'awar nazarin makamashin makamashi, ma'adinai, albarkatun gandun daji na yankin Irkutsk. Don nazarin yiwuwar wannan yanki, an kafa kwamitin Ofishin Jakadanci na Hukumar Harkokin Jakadancin Amirka. A cikin shi ne aka haife ayyukan don amfani da albarkatun ruwa na kogi a rassan da dama na samar da makamashi - sarrafa kayan aiki na katako, masana'antun sinadaran, samar da kayan aiki da samar da wutar lantarki. A shekara ta 1936, an yarda da shawarar da aka tsara don gina tashar wutar lantarki shida a kan Angara, wanda shine farkon da mafi girma daga cikinsu shi ne Ust-Ilimskaya HPP.

Yanayin yanayin yanayi na yankin

Yankin gina gine-ginen hydroelectric an daidaita shi da yankin ƙasar Far North, inda sauyin yanayi ya fi dacewa. Yawan zafin jiki na shekara-shekara -2,8 ° C. Bugu da kari, cikakkun lambobin suna da iyaka daga -53.9 ° C a ƙarami zuwa + 41 ° C. Lokacin da zazzabi yana da kasa 0 - 214 kwana a shekara. Rufin dusar ƙanƙara yana rufe ƙasa a farkon watan Oktoba kuma ba ya zuwa har zuwa karshen Maris. Yanayin zafin jiki a hunturu shine -45 ° C, iska kuma tana hurawa a sauri har zuwa 11 km / h.

Girma mai zurfi na Irkutsk hunturu

Wurin da Ust-Ilimsk ke samar da wutar lantarki ya samo asali, an zabi wannan manufa mai nisan kilomita 20 a ƙarƙashin kogin Ilim kusa da dutsen dutsen, wanda ake kira Tolsty. A shekara ta 1962, an tsara ka'idodi don gina UPS-Ilimskaya HPP, damar da aka shigar da kuma tsara ayyukan farko na shirye-shirye na gari na tauraron dan adam tare da wannan sunan. Dukkan aikin gine-ginen aikin ya kasu kashi biyu.

Mataki na farko na gina

Wannan shine mataki na aiki na shirye-shirye. Ya kasance daga 1963 zuwa 1967. A wannan lokacin, an shirya gine-ginen kayan gine-ginen da kuma kayan aiki a bankin hagu na Angara. Kuma wannan ƙwarewa ne da ƙarfafa masana'antu, zane-zane don gyaran mota, gyara ga masu ginin. An kafa layin wutar lantarki, kuma a 1966 an ci gaba da tafiya ta hanyar motar mota daga babban gari mafi kusa a Bryansk.

Mataki na biyu na gina Ust-Ilimskaya HPP

Maris 1966 - kwanan wata na farko na mataki na biyu da kuma farawa na fara kwanan wata na ginin tsarin hydrosystem. Wannan mataki ya yi shekara bakwai. Kuma farkon rikici na Angara ya faru a Fabrairu 1967. Wannan babban shiri ne a cikin sauri. Matsakaicin iyakar jujjuyawan kaya, aiki a cikin rabi daya da rabi a wurin aiki - kuma a cikin shekaru 2 da 7 na karshe babban tashar katako mai tsabta. Dubi hotunan kamfanin Ust-Ilimsk na samar da wutar lantarki, yana da wuya a yi imani da irin wannan tsarin.

Na farko sakamakon

A shekara ta 1968, shigarwa a cikin dam ɗin ya fara. Daga 1974 zuwa 1977, tafkin Ust-Ilim ya ci gaba da cika. Kuma a cikin wannan shekarar 1974, an ba da izini na farko na injin din, kuma a watan Mayun 1975, wutar lantarki ta samar da wutar lantarki na biliyan daya a kowace awa. Fiye da shekaru hudu, an saka raka'a hudu. Tare da kaddamar da na 15th, Ust-Ilimskaya HPP fara aiki a cikakken iyawa a mataki na farko - 3600 MW. Kuma a shekara ta 1979, an ba da izini na 16, a shekarar 1980 ne aka sanya hadarin hydroelectric cikin aiki na dindindin.

Sigogi da halaye

Ayyukan da aka shigar da Ust-Ilimskaya HPP shi ne 4.3 GW, wanda ya dace da sigogin Bratsk HPP. A matsakaici, tashar ta samar da dala biliyan 21.7 a kowace shekara. Dukkanin sauti 16 na da tasirin 240 MW, aiki a kan ruwa na mita 90.7. Matsayin da ke gaban, tsawon kilomita 3.84, ya zama tafki mai zurfi tare da wani yanki na kilomita 1922 na rufin ruwa da ruwa na mita 59.2. Km.

Abubuwan da ke riƙe da ruwa

Abun da ke rufe da ruwa na Angara yana da zurfin dam mai mita 105 kuma yana da tsawon mita 1475. Ya ƙunshi mita 365 na wani yanki mai tsayi, mita 242 na rami mai tsabta da kuma damun bakin teku. Yankin hagu na bankin dam ɗin shi ne dutsen-dutse, tsayinta tsawon mita 1780 ne kuma tsawonsa yana da mita 28. Daga bankin haɗin da damshin ya zama yashi, tsayinta yana da mita 47, kuma tsawonsa na mita 538 ne. Tsawon wutsiya na wutsiya yana da mita 296, babu komai mai layi, amma an shirya jirgin sama.

Ƙimar makamashi

Na hudu mafi girma a Rasha, Ust-Ilimskaya HPP wani muhimmin hanyar sadarwa ne a tsarin makamashin Siberia. Kamfanonin masana'antu da kuma gandun daji na yankin sune masu amfani da wutar lantarki. An gina wannan tashar, ta farko a cikin tashar wutar lantarki ta wutar lantarki na Angara, wanda ya taimaka wajen bunkasa ayyukan yankin Ust-Ilimsky. Yau, akwai takunkumi akan samar da wutar lantarki, tashar tashar ta ba da kyauta na 32.3% na ayyana. Duk da haka, yana zama muhimmin abu na tsarin makamashi na Rasha.

Ƙungiyoyin zamani

Duk raka'a, tunawa, su goma sha shida, sun yi aiki kusan fiye da shekaru 40. Tasirin tashar yana samar da raka'a biyu, a ƙarƙashin su an ajiye ruwa da wuri kuma an bar wurin. Amma goma sha shida a lokacin izinin tashar din ya isa. A shekara ta 2017, an maye gurbin rotors na raka'a hudu, wanda zai kara yawan wutar lantarki daga 4.5%. Ana sa sabon motar a Leningrad Metal Plant of Power Machines damuwa kuma auna 83 ton. Kuma hanya daga tsire-tsire zuwa tashar tashar jiragen ruwa a Rasha ta kusan kusan watanni hudu kuma ya kai kusan kilomita 7. Ɗaya daga cikin ƙafafunni na farko za a sa a kan layi a matsayin alamar abin tunawa.

Ƙasar Satellite

Daga kananan ƙauyuka don samar da ruwa, Ust-Ilimsk ya zama babban birni na yankin Irkutsk tare da yawan mutane 82,820. Kuma girman kai na mazauna shi ne Ust-Ilimskaya HPP, wanda adireshinsa ita ce: 666683, Irkutsk Region, Ust-Ilimsk, PO Box 958. Wannan birni ne na gine-gine uku na tsohuwar Soviet Union: birnin kanta, tashar wutar lantarki da masana'antun masana'antu. Yana da wani gari na taiga romance na 60s da 70s na karni na karshe, wanda Alexandra Pakhmutova ya raira waƙa a cikin waƙa, wanda aka sani a wani lokaci zuwa dukan ƙasar, "Harafin zuwa Ust-Ilimsk".

Ust-Ilimsk shuka shuka a cikin fasaha

Bugu da ƙari, waƙar da aka ambata da aka yi da Maya Kristalinskaya (1963), littafin Alexander Vampilov "Ticket zuwa Ust-Ilimsk", wanda ke bayanin tarihin wannan ginin, wanda ya kawo sananne a birnin. Hotuna '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' 'fim' 'ta fim' '' '' ta biyar ',' '' '' a fim din 1972, game da mazaunin Leningrad, Anton, mai shekaru goma sha uku, wanda yake zuwa a cikin Ust-Ilimsk a lokacin bazara.

Kuma yayin da a yau ta matasa ba su sani ba wanda da Maya Kristalinskaya da Alexander Pakhmutova, amma birni mazauna ne alfahari da dauloli gidrostroevtsev buga da kuma jaruntakar da tarihin ƙasarsu. Kuma Ust-Ilimskaya HPP ya ci gaba da mamaki da girmansa da sikelin duk waɗanda suka fara ganin wannan mu'ujjizan aikin injiniya, da kuma ƙoƙarin cimma burin da mutum ke kewaye da wannan yanayin mai tsanani.