Tsinkayar mutum: tsari, tsarin

Jigon kwayar halittar ɗan adam shine ƙwayar tube ne mai kunkuntar. Yana da tashar ta hanyar abin da ake ciyar da abinci. Tsawon zangon ɗan adam yana da kimanin 25 centimeters. Gaba, la'akari da wannan sashen a cikakkun bayanai. Za mu gano inda aka samo esophagus a cikin mutum, abin da ayyuka yake aiwatarwa. Wannan labarin zai bayyana sassan wannan sashen, da kuma wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin jiki.

Janar bayani

Tsarin bishiyo da ciki na mutum sune sassan biyu na jere na sashin kwayar halitta. Na biyu shine kasa. Na farko yana samuwa a cikin sashi daga 6th cervical zuwa 11 thoracic vertebrae. Menene tsarin tsarin kwayar halitta? Ya ƙunshi sassa uku. Sashen ya ƙunshi ƙananan ciki, thoracic da ƙananan gidaje. Don tsabta, za a gabatar da zane na zane-zanen ɗan adam a ƙasa. A cikin sashen kuma akwai sphincters - babba da ƙananan. Suna taka muhimmiyar bawul, suna samar da abinci marar yaduwa ta hanyar wurin narkewa. Sifincters sun hana shiga jiki daga cikin ciki daga cikin ciki zuwa cikin esophagus, sa'an nan kuma pharynx da kuma baka na baki. Akwai mawuyacin hali a cikin sashen. Akwai biyar cikin duka. Ƙunƙwasa biyu - pharyngeal da diaphragmatic - ana daukar su anatomical. Uku daga cikinsu - mashahuran zuciya, kwakwalwa da kwakwalwa - sune physiological. Wannan, a gaba ɗaya, shine tsarin tsarin yaduwar mutum. Gaba, zamu yi la'akari dalla-dalla abin da bawo na kwaya yake.

Anatomy na 'yan asalin halittar mutum

Sashen yana da ginin da aka gina daga mucosa, tushe submucosa, da kuma adventitial da kuma yadudduka na muscular. Sannan a cikin sashin sashen na sashin sashen an kafa shi ne ta hanyar ƙwayoyin wuta. Kimanin a cikin 2/3 (ƙididdigewa daga sama), an maye gurbin sassan da ƙwayoyin tsoka. A cikin harsashin tsoka akwai nau'i biyu: madauwari na ciki da na waje. A mucous membrane rufe wani lebur multilayered epithelium. A cikin kauri na wannan harsashi akwai gland da ke buɗe cikin lumen na kwaya. Mucous ne fata. Fitaccen littafi mai launi na tayarwa yana kwance a kan firaye masu haɗi. Wannan nau'in harsashi na harsashi yana kunshi sassan collagen. Hakanan epithelium yana ƙunshe da kwayoyin halitta haɗin kai da kuma ƙwayoyin reticulin. Own cladding Layer hada da su a cikinta, a cikin nau'i na papillae. Gaba ɗaya, yanayin jikin kwayoyin halitta yana da sauki. Duk da haka, ba mahimmanci ba ne a matsayin ayyukan da ake aiwatarwa a cikin wannan sashin sashin kwayar cutar.

Ayyuka na yatsan halittar mutum

Wannan sashen yana aiki da yawa. Aikin aikin yaduwar mutum shine tabbatar da cigaban abinci. An yi wannan aikin saboda lalacewar, ƙwayar ƙwayar tsoka, canje-canje da matsa lamba. An kuma ɓoye slime a bango na sashen. Yana da cikakke tare da dunƙuler abinci, wanda zai sa ya shiga cikin ɓangaren ciki. Har ila yau, a cikin aiki na tashar ita ce tabbatar da kariya ta hanyar dawo da abun ciki zuwa yankin GI mafi girma. An yi wannan aikin ne saboda godiya sphincters.

Zalunci na aiki

Idan muka kwatanta yawancin kwayoyin halitta da kuma ciki, wanda zai iya lura da haka: an gano tsohuwar yanzu a yanzu. A al'ada, abincin da aka dauka ya wuce ba tare da tsayawa ba. An yi imanin cewa tarin kwayar halittar ɗan adam ba shi da wani abu da ya faru da shi. Gaba ɗaya, wannan sashen yana da sauƙi a tsarinsa. Duk da haka, akwai wasu nuances a cikin tsari. Yau, yawancin halin da ake ciki a yanzu kuma sun sami magunguna na sashen sunyi nazarin kwararru. Sau da yawa fiye da sauran, likitoci sun gano ƙwayar cuta ta jiki wanda ke haɗa da ciki zuwa ga esophagus. Wani mawuyacin lahani shine wahalar haɗuwa. A cikin wannan yanayin ilimin halitta, an rage kimanin diamita na asalin halittar ɗan adam (a cikin al'ada shi ne 2-3 cm).

Symptomatology na cututtuka

Sau da yawa cututtuka na esophagus ba tare da wani bayyana ba. Duk da haka, ƙetare a cikin aikinsa na iya haifar da sakamako mai tsanani. A wannan haɗin, dole a biya kulawa ga ƙananan, alama ce bayyanar. Idan an samo wasu bukatu, sai ku ziyarci likita nan da nan. Daga cikin mafi yawan bayyanar cututtuka na esophagus pathologies, ya kamata a lura:

• Ƙwannafi.
• Belching.
• Pain a cikin epigastrium.
• Difficulties a cikin hanyar abinci.
• Sashin murya a cikin makogwaro.
• Rashin rashin lafiya a yankin na esophagus lokacin cin abinci.
• Hull.
• Vomiting.

Spasm

A wasu lokuta, matsalar wahalar abinci tana haɗuwa da haɓaka na spasmodic na tsokoki na esophagus. Yawancin lokaci ana ganin yanayin a cikin matasa. Ƙari mai saukin kamuwa ga ci gaban spasm na fuska, mai saukin kamuwa da rashin tausayi da kuma halin rashin zaman lafiya na tsarin kulawa na tsakiya. Sau da yawa yanayin yana faruwa a yanayin damuwa, m shayar abinci, na kowa jijiya. Yayin da ake yin amfani da abinci, haɗin gwiwar ɗan adam yana fushi. A sakamakon haka, spasm tasowa a matakin ƙirar. Sau da yawa, raƙuman ƙwayar ƙwayar tsohuwar jiki an lura da shi a cikin jigon kwaminisanci da ciki. A wannan yanayin, akwai cardiopathism. Bari muyi la'akari da wannan yanayin a cikin cikakken bayani.

Cardiospasm

Wannan yanayin yana tare da esophagus. Wannan anomaly yana da karuwa mai girma a cikin rami tare da canjin yanayi a bango a kan gefen ƙwanƙwasaccen ɓangaren jikinsa - cardiospasm. Ƙarawa daga cikin esophagus zai iya bunkasa saboda wasu abubuwan da ke ciki da na ciki, da cututtuka na embryogenesis, dysfunctions neurogenic da ke haifar da atony.

Dalilin cardiospasm

Tsarin yanayin rashin lafiyar yana goyan bayan lalacewar traumatic, ulcers, kumburi. Matsayin da ya haifar da ci gaban cigaba shine sakamakon mahaɗar maɗaure. A gare su, a farko, shine a haɗa da ma'aurata a masana'antu masu haɗari, barasa, taba. Yana qara da alama na cardiospasm esophageal stenosis sa ta sha kashi a hannun da backdrop na typhus, da mulufi zazzabi, syphilis da kuma tarin fuka. Daga cikin abubuwan da suke tayar da hankali wani wuri na musamman yana shagaltar da nau'o'in pathologies na diaphragm. A gare su, musamman, ya kamata a sanya ramukan sclerosis. Subdiaphragmatic samfuri a cikin gabobin ɓangaren na ciki kuma suna da tasiri mummunan. A wannan yanayin, muna magana game da aerophagia, gastritis, gastroptosis, peritonitis, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly. Don tsangwama abubuwan haifar da aiwatar da tsarin super-diaphragmal. Daga cikin su, musamman, anortysm, aortic, pleurisy, mediastinitis an ware. Hanyoyin da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta sun haɗa da lalacewa na kwakwalwa na jiki na esophagus. Za a iya haifar da su daga wasu cututtukan cututtuka. Alal misali, dalilin iya zama kyanda, typhus, diphtheria, da mulufi zazzabi, meningoencephalitis, mura, polio. Har ila yau, tayar da dalilai sun hada da guba tare da mahaukaci mai guba a aiki da kuma a gida (gubar, barasa, arsenic, nicotine). Gudanar da canje-canjen gagarumin canji a cikin tsarin tsarin jiki, watakila, yana cigaba a mataki na ambaton amfrayo. Daga bisani, ana nuna wannan ta hanyar sclerosis, tafin fuska.

Akhalasia

Wannan cuta yana da yanayi ne kawai. Tare da takalma, akwai cin zarafin ayyukan esophagus. A yayin da ake nuna damuwa a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Rahoto mai zurfi, yin aiki a matsayin hanyar kulle tsakanin esophagus da ciki, ya rasa ikon yin shakatawa. A halin yanzu, ilimin ilimin cutar ba a sani ba, amma masana sun ce game da tunanin psychogenic, cututtuka da kwayoyin jini. Yawancin lokaci an gano ilimin sifa a lokacin shekaru 20 zuwa 40.

Burns

Suna tashi a cikin shari'ar yayin da wasu magungunan sunadarai sun shiga cikin kwayar halittar mutum. A cewar kididdigar, yawan mutanen da suka karbi konewar wannan sashen na gastrointestinal tract, kimanin kashi 70 cikin 100 na yara ne a cikin shekaru goma. Irin wannan babban kashi ne saboda rashin kulawa da manya da kuma sha'awar yara, yana sa su dandana abubuwa da dama. Sau da yawa, esophagus ya ƙone manya lokacin da suka shiga sodium hydroxide, sun hada da maganin acid. Kadan ƙananan lokuta na daukan hotuna ga lysol, phenol. Matakan lalacewa an ƙaddara bisa ga ƙarar da kuma maida hankali na gidan da aka kama a ciki. A 1 tbsp. Akwai lalacewar farfajiyar surface na mucosa. Matsayi na biyu shine halin raunuka a cikin tsokoki. Burn na esophagus 3 tbsp. Haɗuwa da lalacewa ga duk fadin sashen. A wannan yanayin, ba kawai alamun bayyanar gida ba ne ke bayyana, amma har ma alamomi masu yawa: maye da gigice. Bayan da ƙona 2-3 tbsp. Ana canza canje-canje a cikin kyallen takarda. Babban alama shine jin zafi mai tsanani a bakin, makogwaro da kuma bayan ƙirjin. Sau da yawa, mutumin da ya dauki maganganu mai laushi, nan da nan ya zubar, yana iya bayyana kumburi.

Ƙasashen waje

Wani lokaci, abubuwa da ba'a nufin don narkewa sun shiga jigon tsuntsu na mutum. Chunks na abinci ba tare da cutar ba zasu iya aiki a matsayin ƙungiyoyin waje. Kamar yadda aikin ya nuna, an gano abubuwan da ba a haɓaka ba a sau da yawa. Ƙungiyar waje na iya fitowa a cikin bishiya saboda rashin amfani da abinci, tare da dariya ko magana yayin cin abinci. Sau da yawa a cikin wannan sashen, ana samun kasusuwa kifaye ko kaza. Bayyanar wani abu na waje shi ne mahimmanci ga mutanen da ke da masaniyar ajiye wani abu a cikin bakinsu akai-akai (shirye-shiryen bidiyo, carnations, matches, da dai sauransu). A matsayinka na mai mulki, an saka abubuwa tare da iyaka a cikin gabar jikin. Wannan zai iya haifar da wani tsari mai kumburi.

Ulcer

Irin wannan cututtuka na iya haifar da rashin lafiya na zuciya, wanda zai haifar da shiga cikin hawan ɓoye na ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Yana, a biyun, yana da sakamako na proteolytic. Sau da yawa wani ciwo yana tare da ciwon ciki na ciki da 12 miki duodenal ko hernia a cikin tarin hanzari na diaphragm. Yawancin lokaci ana samun launi guda a kan ganuwar, amma a lokuta da yawa, ana nuna alamun bincike mai yawa. Da dama dalilai da suka taimaka wajen ci gaban ulcers na esophagus. Harkokin cututtuka na iya haifar da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, ciyayi ko ƙwayar cuta. Babban bayyanar cututtuka ne ƙwayar ƙwannafi, tausayi a bayan sternum, shiryawa. Lokacin cin abinci da kuma bayansa, wadannan bayyanuwar sun zama mafi tsanani. A matsayin halayyar halayyar ma an taso kan lokaci daga regurgitation na abun ciki acidic daga ciki.

Atresia

Wannan mataimakin an dauke shi mai tsanani. Domin ilimin cututtuka, ƙarshen ɓangaren ɓangaren hawan esophagus shi ne halayyar. Ƙananan ɓangaren shi an haɗa shi da trachea. Sau da yawa a kan wani bango na esophageal atresia aka gano da kuma sauran lahani a cikin ci gaban da daban-daban tsarin na jiki. Sanadin cututtuka sune samuwa a cikin ƙwayar intrauterine na tayin. Yayin da a ranar 4th ko 5th na ci gaba da abubuwan halayen zasu shafi cutar amfrayo, to, daga bisani zubar da ɓacin ƙwaƙwalwa zai fara.