Rheological Properties na jini - menene shi?

Wani filin injiniya wanda ke nazarin siffofin lalata da kuma gudana daga ainihin kafofin watsa labaru na yau da kullum, wasu daga cikin wakilan su ba sabo ne na Newtonian da ke da siffar tsari, shine rheology. A cikin wannan labarin, zamuyi la'akari da dukiyar rheological jini. Menene, shi ya zama bayyananne.

Definition

Kyakkyawar cutar ta Newtonian jini ne. An kira shi da ƙwayoyi, idan ba shi da kayan haɗe. Jiki na jini shine plasma wadda babu fibrinogen.

Hemorheology, ko rheology, nazarin ka'idoji na injiniya, musamman ma yadda tsarin kimiyya na physicochemical ya canza tare da wurare daban-daban a daban-daban rates kuma a wurare daban-daban a cikin gado na asibiti. Da kaddarorin, da aikin Jihar cikin jini, da contractile ikon da zuciya kayyade motsi na jini a cikin jiki. Lokacin da hanzarin linzamin na ƙwayar ya zama ƙananan, ƙwayoyin jini suna tafiya a layi daya zuwa gefen jirgin ruwa da ɗayan. A wannan yanayin, rafi yana da hali mai laushi, kuma ana kiran shi laminar. To, menene halayen rheological? Game da wannan - kara.

Mene ne lambar Reynolds?

Idan ya kara yawan ƙwayar linzamin kuma ya wuce wani darajar, wanda yake da bambanci ga dukkan jiragen ruwa, ragowar laminar za ta zama wani mai ɓarna, mai laushi, wanda ake kira ragowar ruwa. Hanya na canzawa na motsi na laminar zuwa rikici ya ƙayyade lambar Reynolds, wanda yake kimanin 1160. Yawancin lambobin Reynolds, tashin hankali ne kawai zai faru a wuraren da manyan jirgi ke gudana, har ma a cikin aorta. A cikin tasoshin ruwa, ruwa ya motsa laminarly.

Ƙarƙwarar ƙwararraki da damuwa

Ba wai kawai ƙimar jini da layin linzamin jini yana da muhimmanci ba, wasu sifofi biyu masu mahimmanci sune mahimmancin motsi zuwa ga jirgin ruwa: gudun da sauri. Halin da irin ƙarfin lantarki canjawa karfi aiki a kan jijiyoyin bugun gini surface naúrar a tangential shugabanci ga surface, auna a Pascals ko dynes / cm ^2. Ana auna ma'aunin ƙwararru a cikin sakanni na m (s-1), kuma yana nufin girman girman ƙaddamar tsakanin siginar ruwa yana motsawa cikin layi daya ta nisa ɗaya tsakanin su.

A waɗanne alamomi suke yin rheological kaddarorin sun dogara ne?

Rashin matsin lamba ga ƙuƙwalwar ƙwararra yana ƙayyade danko da jini, wanda aka auna a cikin mPas. A dukan ruwa danko ya dogara da karfi kudi kewayon 0.1-120 ^s-1. Idan karfi kudi> 100 ^s-1, da danko canji ba haka pronounced, da kuma a kan kai wani karfi kudi na 200 ^s-1 ne kusan canzawa. Ƙimar da aka auna a babban ƙwararrayar ƙira tana kiransa asymptotic. Babban dalilai da suka shafi danko shine lalatawar abubuwa na kwayoyin halitta, hematocrit da hada baki. Kuma la'akari da gaskiyar cewa akwai wasu kwayoyin launin jini da yawa da aka kwatanta da platelets da leukocytes, suna da ƙayyadaddun kwayoyin jan. Ana nuna wannan a cikin kimar haɗin jini na jini.

Hanyoyi na asibiti

Mafi muhimmanci mahimmancin danko shine ƙananan ƙarami na erythrocytes, matsakaicin matsakaicin da abun ciki, ana kiran wannan hematocrit. Yana da kimanin 0.4-0.5 l / l kuma an ƙaddara shi daga centrifugation daga samfurin jini. Plasma wani ruwa ne na Newtonian wanda danko yana ƙayyade abun da ke tattare da sunadarai, kuma ya dogara da zazzabi. Danko shine mafi yawan shafi globulins da fibrinogen. Wasu masu bincike sunyi imanin cewa mafi muhimmanci mahimmanci wanda ke haifar da canji a cikin dankocin ƙwayar cutar shine furotin: albumin / fibrinogen, albumin / globulin. Ƙara ya auku tare da ƙari, ƙaddamar da halin Newtonian na jini duka, wanda ya ƙayyade ikon ƙarfin jini na jini. Ƙungiyar physiological erythrocytes wani tsari ne mai juyayi. Wannan shi ne abin da ya kasance - rheological Properties na jini.

Sakamakon raguwa ta hanyar erythrocytes ya dogara da inji, hemodynamic, electrostatic, plasma da sauran dalilai. A zamanin yau akwai wasu ra'ayoyin da yawa wadanda suka bayyana ma'anar haɗin erythrocyte. Mafi sanannun yau shine ka'idar dabarun gada, bisa ga abin da aka tanadar da hanyoyi daga manyan sunadarai, fibrinogen, da Y-globulins a kan erythrocytes. Ƙarfin ƙarfin ya zama mai tsabta - wannan shine bambanci tsakanin karfi mai karfi (haddasa rikitarwa), layin da ake yi na mai karfi na erythrocytes, wanda aka cajirce shi, ta hanyar karfi a cikin gadoji. Hanyar da ke da alhakin gyarawa da magungunan macromolecules a kan erythrocytes, wato, Y-globulin, fibrinogen, ba a fahimci gaba daya ba. Akwai ra'ayi cewa an haɗu da kwayoyin saboda raunukan sojojin der der Waals da aka watsar da su.

Mene ne yake taimakawa wajen kimanta kimar haɗin jini?

Mene ne dalilin duniyar kwayoyin jini?

An bayyana bayanin bayani na erythrocyte ta hanyar raguwa, rashin sunadarin sunadarin kwayoyin kusa da erythrocytes, dangane da abin da akwai alamar rikici, irin wannan yanayin zuwa matsin lamba ta macromolecular by osmotic, wanda ya haifar da tsarin da aka dakatar. Bugu da kari, akwai ka'idar da ke danganta da nau'in erythrocytes tare da abubuwan erythrocyte, wanda zai haifar da raguwa a cikin damar zeta da kuma canji a cikin metabolism da kuma nau'i na erythrocytes.

Saboda dangantakar da ke tsakanin danko da ƙarfin haɗari na erythrocytes, domin nazarin abubuwan da suka shafi rheological jini da kuma fasalin halayyarsa tare da tasoshin, dole ne a gudanar da bincike mai mahimmanci na waɗannan alamomi. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi dacewa da kuma mafi dacewa don auna ma'auni shine kimantawa na rabon erythrocyte sedimentation. Duk da haka, al'ada na wannan jarabawar bata da matukar bayani, tun da yake ba la'akari da halaye na rheological ba.

Hanyar ji

Bisa ga binciken da ake yi game da halaye na jini da kuma abubuwan da ke shafar su, ana iya tabbatar da cewa jita-jita na halaye na jini yana shafar jihar. A zamaninmu, masu bincike suna biyan hankali ga nazarin abubuwan da ake amfani da su na microrheological wannan ruwa, duk da haka, shafukan baƙi ba ya ɓacewa ba. Hanyar da za a iya aunawa ga jini za a iya rarraba kashi biyu zuwa kashi biyu: tare da filin jaraba da nakasawa, mazugi mai kama da juna, disc, cylindrical da sauran masu rheometers da nau'i-nau'i daban-daban na sassa na aiki; Tare da matsala na lalacewa da kuma ƙarfafawa mai inganci - bisa ga ka'idodin rajista na na'ura, kayan lantarki, kayan aiki na injiniya, na'urorin da ke aiki ta hanyar Stokes, masu ba da izini. Wannan shi ne yadda aka kiyasta dukiyar rheological jini, plasma da magani.

Nau'o'i guda biyu

A mafi tartsatsi a halin yanzu suna da iri biyu viscometers: rotational da capillary. Har ila yau, ana amfani da viskoters, cikin ciki na Silinda wanda ke cikin ruwa wanda aka gwada. Yanzu ke da hannu a wasu gyare-gyare na rheometers.

Kammalawa

Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura da cewa ci gaban da aka samu a ci gaba da fasahar rheological ya ba mutum damar nazarin abubuwa masu ilimin biochemical da biophysical na jini domin kula da ƙwayoyin micro-ƙwayoyin cuta a ciki da kuma hemodynamic. Duk da haka, ƙaddamar da hanyoyi don nazarin ilimin haɓaka, wanda zai nuna daidai da ƙididdigewa da halayen rheo na Newtonian ruwa, yana da muhimmanci a wannan lokacin.