The yawan Lithuania: girman ta da kuma abun da ke ciki

Baltic da ƙarni ta kasance a ƙasa da abin da suka sau da yawa yaki. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa kawai a karshe shekaru 500, shi yana da yawa sau shige shi hannu da hannu, da kuma a cikin jihohin da aka located nan, ya ko da yaushe ya rayu a wani} asashe.

Lithuania ne ba togiya. Hakika, da yawan Lithuania ne kusan ko da yaushe aka yafi wakilta titular al'umma, amma waɗansu al'ummai sun rayu a can har abada. Yau da halin da ake ciki shi ne irin wannan. A wannan labarin, za ka sami bayani a kan yadda za a canza abun da ke ciki da kuma size, na yawan jama'ar, a cikin ƙasa na cewa State.

Tun zamanin da ...

A farko ƙidaya a cikin wannan yankin kokarin rike da baya a 13th karni, amma shi ya kasance a kan kusan wani abu, kamar yadda da bayanan da aka tattara sun sosai kimomi. Kawai wata al'ada kamfanin ƙidaya da aka gudanar a 1790, sakamakon wanda ya tabbatar da cewa yankin na ba-rana Lithuania akwai game da miliyan 3.6 da mutane. Daga 1812 zuwa 1945 yawan mutanen dake Lithuania rage ta game da 30%.

A farkon karni na 19th

wani yawan kima da aka gudanar a 1897. Bisa ga sakamakon shi ya juya fitar da cewa a wancan lokacin ya rayu a Lithuania game da 1.924.400 mutane. A waɗannan lokuta, irin sakamakon da aka sosai ban sha'awa.

Oddly isa, amma a wancan lokaci, a Lithuania Lithuania suka kasance bai isa ba. Su nauyi ya sa'an nan kawai 61,6%. Bugu da ƙari, akwai rayu a kalla 13% Yahudawa Dogayen sanda 9%, game da 5% Rasha, da kuma mai kama da yawan Jamusawa da Belarusians. Letts lambar ne kasa da goma sha biyar, da kashi, da kuma Tatar kuma ba ya wuce matakin 0.2%.

Ko da more ban sha'awa shi ne gaskiya cewa, a kowane birni da yawan Lithuania sun ko da ƙananan a yawan sharuddan. Saboda haka, a Vilnius zauna ba fiye da 41% na Yahudawa, akalla 30% na Dogayen sanda, da kuma da rabo daga Rasha da kuma Byelorussians ya game 24%. Kansu Lithuania zaune a birnin babu fiye da 2% na jimlar yawan.

A Kovno, halin da ake ciki ya kasance a game da wannan: Yahudawa akwai kimanin 35%, yawan Rasha, Belarusians da Dogayen sanda daidai to 36% na Lithuania da aka 6.6%. All sauran - da Jamus. Af, a Klaipeda, kusan duk yawan aka Jamus. Wannan shi ne saboda a gaskiya wannan bangare na Gabas Prussia ya zama wani ɓangare na Lithuania kawai a cikin marigayi 18th karni. Kawai a Suwalki lardin yawan Lithuanian yawan kai 72%.

Notes on ethnogenesis

Mu gaggauta a lura da cewa a lokacin da aiwatar da ethnogenesis har yanzu tafiya tare da hu ~~ asa: Baya ga 1.21 miliyan Lithuania da kansu, suka zauna a Rasha Empire, kuma ko da 448.000 zhmudinov. Ba tare da su, da 'yan asalin yawan na Lithuania da aka sani kawai 44%. Wannan ya saba sharply tare da data populist kalamai na wasu 'yan siyasa game da Baltic "wadanda mutane gwada yawa magabaci daga cikin Lithuanian yawan jama'a."

A farkon karni na 20th

By farkon karni na ashirin, da halin da ake ciki tare da "yan asalin" mutanen da ya tsananta har ma fiye da.

By 1914, da rabo daga Rasha yawan karu zuwa 6%, yayin da yawan Lithuania ragu nan da nan zuwa 54% a cikin kaso sharuddan. A gabashin ɓangare na kasar da kuma aikata su share ragu zuwa 30%. A halin da ake ciki canza kawai bayan yakin duniya na farko, lokacin da kasar en sun mayar hijira fiye da 300 dubu Rasha-magana mazauna. Bugu da kari, a cikin wadannan shekaru akwai wani gagarumin ambaliya na Lithuania daga wasu kasashe, wanda aka dangantaka da halittar wani zaman kanta Jamhuriyar Lithuania.

Kafin duniya na biyu

A shekarar 1923, Lithuania ta yawan da aka riga 2.028.971 mutane. Idan aka kwatanta da 1897 da rabo daga Lithuania da kansu sun tashi zuwa 84-85%. Number Yahudawa rage kusan ninki biyu zuwa 7.5% (153 473). Dogayen sanda da suke zaune a karkarar jihar riga 3.2%, ko 65.599 mutane, Rasha da aka sani kawai 2.5% (50 460 mutane), da yawan Jamusawa hanzari (saboda korar da tsõro) fadi zuwa 1.4% (29,231) , Byelorussians zauna ba fiye da 0.2% (4421). Sauran kasashe a wadannan shekaru, akwai game da 8771 da mutum.

Saboda haka, abun da ke ciki na Lithuanian yawan mutane a wannan lokaci da aka sosai manyan.

Sauran canje-canje a cikin kasa abun da ke ciki

A Kaunas, wanda ya zama babban birnin kasar mai zaman kanta ta Tsakiya, akwai ma fiye da muhimman canje-canje. Alal misali, Polish da kuma Rasha, wanda har sai sun kusan tsatso na birane, yawan, kusan babu (kasa da 8000 mutane). Yawan Jamus ya 3.5%, Yahudawa ya 27,1% (25 041 mutane). Amma da yawan Lithuania ya karu da amounted zuwa 54 000 mutane (59% na yawan).

Ƙidayar a Klaipėda, wanda aka za'ayi da} ananan hukumomi, a shekara ta 1925 ya nuna cewa yawan Lithuania kada ku ƙẽtare 26,6% na jimlar abun da ke ciki na yawan (ba fiye da 37 626 mutane). Akwai sun kasance yawa Jamus, wanda asusu na game 41.9% (59 337), tare da su memeltsev 24,2% (34 337), kazalika da sauran kasashe.

Memeltsy - su waye ne?

Af, sũ ne memeltsy? Don kwanan wata, a yawan shahararren masana kimiyya, masana tarihi yi imani da cewa wannan kalma an fahimci wani yawan mutane daban-daban (!) Kasashe, wanda ba su yarda da 'yancin kai na Lithuania da kuma samuwar na jamhuriyar. Wasu masana tarihi yi imani da cewa wannan - zuriyar Jamusawa daga Gabas Prussia suka ba assimilated bayan canja wurin ƙasarsu zuwa Lithuania, bai yarda da harshe da al'adu na Baltic jihohi.

Mafi m, wannan gaskiya ne, domin kusan duk binciken burbushin lura cewa a wuraren da suke zaune a memeltsami, ji gagarumin tasiri na Jamus da al'adu da kuma harshe. Saboda haka, kirgawa yawan jama'a a Lithuania a wadannan shekaru, wadannan bayanai ya kamata a kiyaye a hankali. Shi ne wata ila cewa ainihin rabo na Jamus yawan wadannan yankuna ya kai a cikin wadannan shekaru 66 zuwa%, mafificin alamar 90 dubu mutane.

A Vilnius yankin shi da irin wannan halin da ake ciki, amma a game da sandunan. Gaskiyar cewa ƙasar ne sau da yawa ya wuce daga Lithuania zuwa Poland da kuma Dogayen sanda sun m mulkin mallaka, dauka cewa matsakaicin hijirar na sauran al'ummai, ko kuma su assimilation (mafi sau da yawa - a kan wani wajibi akai).

Saboda haka, a Lithuania "samfurin" da 20-ies karni na karshe, Lithuania suka kasance kadan fiye da 60% na jimlar yawan waɗannan ƙasashe. A duka yawan Lithuania ya kusa 1 da miliyan 900 da dubu (a farkon 1930).

Daga 1939 zuwa 1970,

A 1940, Lithuania shiga cikin tarayyar Soviet. Yana fara a baya tsari, lokacin da Dogayen sanda canza zuwa Lithuanian yawan jama'a. A lokacin da Jamus zama, yawan Polish yawan fara ƙara sake. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1942 kawai daya a Vilnius yankin, akwai 309.494 Lithuania, Dogayen sanda da kuma yawan karu zuwa 324 757 mutane.

A bakin ciki rabo daga cikin Yahudawa yawan. Kawai a Lithuania da aka kashe 136.421 mutane na wannan kasa (kuma wannan shi ne - ba tare da wata biyu daga yankuna). MUTU ba fiye da 20 da mutane dubu. Wannan ne ma evidenced da ƙidaya 1959, bisa ga abin da kawai 24 672 Yahudawa bar a Lithuania.

A Jamus statistics na 1937 ya kunshi a kasar 157.527 mutane na wannan kabila. Saboda haka, domin lokaci na Jamus zama, an hallaka akalla 175.000 Yahudawa, da kuma ta 1941 duk da yankin Lithuania rayu 225,000.

Game da postwar yarjejeniyar

A 1945-1946, kasar na 178 dubu Dogayen sanda aka tura. Idan muka dauki lokaci daga 1945 zuwa 1950, daga Lithuania bar rabin na Yaren mutanen Poland yawan jama'a. Idan muka magana game da sake Russification, ko Lithuanian masu bincike shigar da cewa a Soviet sau shi ne sosai m, dan kadan canza kabilu na jihar. Alal misali, a 1959-1989, yawan Rasha ya karu kawai zuwa 9.4%, yayin da yawan Belarusians da Ukrainians lissafta 1.2% na jimlar yawan.

By 1991, yawan Lithuania da kusanci da 79,6%, yayin da yawan Lithuanian yawan ne 3.666.000 mutane. Idan muka magana game da janar Trend na kungiyar tarayyar jamhuriyoyin, Lithuania ya kusan kawai misali na yadda kara yawan take al'umma: da yawan Rasha ko da a cikin tsakiyar yankunan na RSFSR ya auku to 81%, ko da yake ya 85%.

sabon lokaci

Saboda haka wasu mutane a Lithuania rinjaye (muhimmanci) a lokacin da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet? Hakika, Lithuania. Wannan sauki shaida Rasha masu bincike wannan shekara riga kokarin shawo kan Baltic abokan aiki da cewa babu "zama". Duk da haka, ya zuwa yanzu, ba tare da nasara.

Ta yaya canza bayan mutuwar Soviet yawan a Lithuania? Kuzarin kawo cikas ne musamman deplorable. Nan da nan bayan 1991-1993, da karkararta ya bar fiye da 300 dubu Rasha. Idan ta 1991 da yawan jama'a kusan miliyan hudu mutane a kasar, a yau al'ummar ya rage kusan da rabi!

Ba mamaki, da yawan Lithuania for 2014 ne 2.9 mutane miliyan. Kamar, yana da ba haka ba kadan. Ko da yake akwai daya "amma." Gaskiyar cewa gwamnatin kawo karshen sama a cikin wannan lambar kusan duk Lithuania daga sauran ƙasashen EU, ko ta amfani da Internet zabe a ƙidaya. Sun mutane massively bar kasar, saboda haka wannan m masana yarda a kan abu daya: kamar unofficial data, da yawan Lithuania for 2014 yawa zuwa a kalla 2 mutane miliyan.

Mafi m, da muhimmancin m yawan Raguwar za ta ci gaba da a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.