Taurari na Solar System domin. Duniya, Jupiter, Mars

An dade janyo hankalin mutane da hankali sarari. Taurari na Solar System, Masana ilmin soma nazarin a tsakiyar zamanai, zalunta su a cikin m nesa. Amma wani sosai rarrabuwa, bayanin siffofin tsarin da kuma motsi na wani sarari suKe al'aurarsu ta yiwu a yi kawai a cikin karni na 20th. Da zuwan iko hardware, sanye take da latest fasahar observatories da kumbon sama jannati da dama a baya ba a sani ba abubuwa da aka gano. Yanzu kowane dalibi iya lissafa duk taurari na hasken rana tsarin domin. Kusan dukkan su fadi sarari bincike, da kuma mutum ya tafi ya zuwa yanzu kawai a kan wata.

Mene ne Solar System

A samaniya yana babbar da ya hada da mutane da yawa taurari. Our hasken rana tsarin shi ne wani ɓangare daga cikin galaxy da Milky Way, a cikin abin da fiye da biliyan 100 taurari. Amma sosai 'yan da suke da kama da rana. M dukkan su - ja dwarfs, wanda suke kanana fiye da shi, da kuma hasken da ba haka ba mai haske. Masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa da hasken rana tsarin da aka kafa bayan da fitowan na rana. Its mai girma janye filin kama da gas-kura girgije daga wanda a hankali a hankali sanyaya, da m barbashi. A tsawon lokaci, wadannan basamaniyai aka kafa. An yi imani da cewa Sun yanzu zaune a tsakiyar daga cikin aiki, saboda haka ya zama shi, kazalika da dukan ta dogara basamaniyai zai zama da dama shekaru biliyan haihuwa. Kusa da sarari karatu da ilmin Taurari na dogon lokaci, da wani wanda ya san abin da su ne taurari na hasken rana tsarin. Photos of su, dauka daga tauraron dan adam, za a iya samu a kan kowane irin bayani albarkatun sadaukar da wannan batu. All samaniya jikuna an gudanar da karfi filin na janye na rana, wanda shi ne fiye da 99% na hasken rana tsarin. Manyan basamaniyai juya game da haske da ta axis a daya shugabanci da kuma a cikin wannan jirgin sama, da ake kira jirgin sama na ecliptic.

Taurari na Solar System domin

A zamani ilmin taurari aka dauke su cikin wani sarari suKe jiki daga rana. A cikin karni na 20th rarrabuwa da aka halitta, wanda ya hada da 9 taurari na hasken rana tsarin. Amma kwanan nan nazarin da halittu da kuma latest binciken sa masana kimiyya gyaggyarawa da yawa daga cikin kayan abinci a cikin ilmin taurari. Kuma a cikin 2006 a International Congress, saboda ta kananan size (Dwarf, ba wucewa dubu uku. Km a diamita), Pluto aka cire daga gargajiya taurari, sa'an nan akwai guda takwas. Yanzu, tsarin mu da hasken rana tsarin dauki daidaita, jitu bayyanar. Yana hada da hudu terrestrial taurari: Mercury, Venus, Duniya da kuma Mars, to, a can ne asteroid bel, bayan an bi ta hudu giant taurari: Jupiter, Rubin, Uranus kuma Neptune. A kan karkata daga cikin hasken rana tsarin ma ya wuce da asteroid bel, wanda masana kimiyya sun mai suna Kuiper bel. Wannan shi ne dake da Pluto. Wadannan wurare har yanzu talauci gane saboda ta nesa daga rana.

Features na nazarin sasannin taurari

Abin da za a iya dangana ga wadannan basamaniyai a cikin wannan kungiya? Mun jera babban halaye na ciki taurari:

• da mun gwada da kananan size.
• m surface, a high yawa da kuma wani irin abun da ke ciki (oxygen, silicon, aluminum, da baƙin ƙarfe, magnesium da kuma sauran m abubuwa);
• da gaban da yanayi.
• wannan tsarin: a core na baƙin ƙarfe-nickel gami, alkyabbar kunshi silicates, da kuma haushi silicate kankara (sai Mercury - ba shi da wani ɓawon burodi).
• karamin yawan tauraron dan adam - kawai 3 zuwa hudu taurari.
• gwada da rauni Magnetic filin.

Musamman ma giant taurari

Amma ga m taurari, ko gas Refayawa, su ne muhimmi a cikin wannan irin wannan halaye:

• manyan size da kuma nauyi.
• suna da wuya surface kuma an hada da iskar, yafi hydrogen da helium (da haka su ma kira gas Refayawa).
• ruwa core kunshi wani karfe hydrogen.
• High-gudun juyawa.
• mai karfi Magnetic filin, wanda ya bayyana da rashin manyan yawan matakai wanda ya faru a kan su;
• a cikin wannan rukuni na 98 da tauraron dan adam, mafi yawan abin da ya kamãta da Jupiter;
• mafi halayyar alama na gas Refayawa - shi ne gaban zobba. Suna da duk hudu taurari, duk da haka, ba ko da yaushe a bayyane.

A farko a jere duniya - Mercury

An ayi mafi kusa ga rãnã. Saboda haka, shi ya dubi haske surface sau uku ya fi girma fiye da Earth. Wannan kuma bayyana da karfi da bambance-bambance na yanayin zafi: daga -180 zuwa +430 digiri. Mercury ne sosai azumi falakinsu. Watakila wannan ne ya sa ya samu wannan suna ne saboda a Girkanci mythology, Mercury - Manzo ne daga gumaka. Akwai kusan babu yanayi, da kuma sararin sama ne ko da yaushe baki, amma Rana na haske sosai haske. Duk da haka, a zura sandunan, akwai wuraren da ta haskoki ba fada abada. Wannan sabon abu za a iya bayyana ta axial karkatar. Ruwa a farfajiya da aka iske ba. Wannan shã'aninku, kazalika da abnormally high rana yanayin zafi (da low dare) cikakken bayyana babu rai a duniya.

Venus

Idan ka yi nazarin taurari a cikin hasken rana tsarin domin, na biyu a jere ne Venus. Its mutane za su iya tsayar da sama, a zamanin da, amma shi ya nuna shi kawai da safe da yamma, da shi da aka yi imani da cewa shi ne guda biyu daban-daban abubuwa. Af, da kakanninmu-Slavs kira shi flicker. Wannan ne karo na uku haske abu a cikin hasken rana tsarin. Mutane kasance kunã kira shi sãfe da maraice star, saboda mafi kyau shi ne a bayyane kafin fitowar rana da kuma faɗuwar rana. Venus da Duniya ne sosai kama a tsarin, abun da ke ciki, size da kuma karfi na nauyi. Around ta axis, wannan duniyar tamu ne motsi sosai a hankali, yin cikakken juyin juya halin a 243,02 Duniya kwanaki. Hakika, da yanayi a Venus ne sosai daban-daban daga Earth. Shi ne sau biyu a matsayin kusa da rana, don haka yana da matukar zafi. High yanayin zafi ma saboda gaskiyar cewa m cloudiness na sulfuric acid da carbon dioxide daga yanayi don ƙirƙirar wani greenhouse sakamako duniyar tamu. Bugu da kari, da matsa lamba a surface ne mafi girma daga cikin su a duniya 95 sau. Saboda haka, na farko jirgin ziyarci Venus a cikin shekaru 70 na karni na 20th, ya rurrushe akwai fiye da awa daya. Feature na duniya ne ma cewa shi rotates a gaban shugabanci, idan aka kwatanta da mafiya yawa daga cikin taurari. Mafi ilmin Taurari wannan wani sarari suKe abu ba a sani ba tukuna.

The uku duniya daga Sun.

The kawai wuri a cikin hasken rana tsarin, da kuma ilmin Taurari a san duniya inda rai ya wanzu - shi ne duniya Earth. A nazarin sasannin ta yana da babbar size. Abin yana da rarrabe siffofin?

1. Babbar nauyi a cikin terrestrial taurari.
2. Very karfi Magnetic filin.
3. High yawa.
4. Shi ne na musamman cikin dukan duniyoyi da hydrosphere, wanda da gudummawar da samuwar rayuwa.
5. Yana yana cikin mafi girma, idan aka kwatanta da ta size, wani tauraron dan adam cewa stabilizes ta karkata dangi zuwa ga Sun kuma tasiri a kan halitta tafiyar matakai.

A duniyar Mars

Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi karami taurari a cikin galaxy. Idan muka yi la'akari da taurari a cikin hasken rana tsarin domin, sa'an nan Mars - na huɗu daga rana. A yanayi ne sosai rarefied ta, amma a kan surface matsa lamba ne kusan 200 sau kasa da su a duniya. Saboda wannan dalili, akwai karfi da bambance-bambance na yanayin zafi. A duniyar Mars ne talauci gane, ko da yake dogon janyo hankalin mutane da hankali. A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, wannan ne kawai wani sarari suKe jiki a kan wanda rayuwa iya zama. A baya, akwai ruwa a farfajiya na duniya. Wannan ƙarshe dogara ne a kan gaskiyar cewa akwai manyan sanduna kankara iyakoki da kuma surface an rufe tare da jam'i na GROOVES, wanda zai iya zama a bushe riverbeds. Bugu da kari, akwai wasu a kan Mars ma'adanai, wanda samuwar mai yiwuwa ne kawai a gaban ruwa. Wani alama na hudu duniya ne gaban biyu da tauraron dan adam. A singularity na cewa Phobos ne a hankali inda hakan ta juyawa, kuma ta halarci duniya, da kuma Deimos, a maimakon haka, aka motsi tafi.

Abin da aka sani Jupiter

A karo na biyar duniya ne mafi girma. A girma daga Jupiter zai shige 1,300 Qasa, kuma ta taro ne 317 sau fi Duniya ta. Kamar dukan gas Refayawa, tsarin da hydrogen-helium kamã da abun da ke ciki na taurari. Jupiter - mafi ban sha'awa duniya, wanda yana da yawan musamman fasali:

• Wannan ne karo na uku haske wani sarari suKe abu bayan da Moon da kuma Venus.
• Jupiter ta Magnetic filin ne da karfi a cikin dukan duniyoyi.
• cikakken juyin juya halin kusa ta axis shi ya sa kawai 10 Duniya sa'o'i - sauri fiye da sauran duniya.
• ban sha'awa alama na Jupiter ne Great Red Spot - kamar yadda gani daga Duniya ta yanayi vortex juyawa counter-kewaye iri na agogo.
• Kamar dukan giant taurari, yana da zobba, ko da yake ba kamar yadda mai haske kamar yadda Saturn.
• Wannan duniyar tamu na da mafi yawan manyan tauraron dan adam. Suna da 63. A shahararrun - shi ne kasashen Turai, wanda sun samu ruwa, Ganymede - mafi girma a duniya Jupiter kuma IO, kuma Callisto.
• Wata sifa ta wannan duniyar tamu - shi ne cewa a cikin inuwar na surface zafin jiki ne ya fi a wuraren hasken rana.

Planet Saturn

Shi ne na biyu mafi girma a-halitta-gas giant, kuma an mai suna bayan da tsoho bautãwa. Yana da aka hada da hydrogen da helium, amma burbushi na methane, ammonia da ruwa da aka samu a kan bãyan tẽkun. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa Saturn - duniya ne sosai tenuous. Its yawa ne kasa da cewa daga ruwa. Juya da gas giant sosai da sauri - sa daya juyin juya halin a 10 Duniya sa'o'i, sakamakon duniya da aka saka a mota, laterally. Babbar gudun kan Saturn da iska - har zuwa 2000 kilomita awa. Wannan ne gudun sauti. Saturn yana da wani rarrabe - shi rike a filin na janye na 60 da tauraron dan adam. The most of su - Titan - shi ne na biyu mafi girma a cikin Solar System. The musamman da suka bambanta wannan da makaman ne cewa ta hanyar binciko bãyan tẽkun, masana kimiyya na farko gano wani wani sarari suKe jiki da yanayi kamar irin waɗanda cewa wanzu a duniya game da biliyan 4 da suka wuce. Amma mafi muhimmanci alama na Saturn - shi ne gaban mai haske zobba. Sun zagaya duniya a kusa da ekweita kuma suna tunãni karin haske fiye da kanta. Hudu zobba na Saturn - wannan shi ne mafi m sabon abu a cikin hasken rana tsarin. Unusually, ciki zobba motsi da sauri fiye da m.

Ice Refayawa - Uranus

Saboda haka, mu ci gaba da la'akari da duniya da hasken rana tsarin domin. The bakwai duniya daga Sun - Uranus. Shi ne da shaawa dukkan - da yawan zafin jiki da aka saukar zuwa -224 ° C. Bugu da kari, masana kimiyya sun samu a cikin tsarin na ƙarfe hydrogen, da kuma samu wani modified kankara. Saboda Uranus aka dauke su raba category na kankara Refayawa. A ban mamaki alama ce ta wannan wani sarari suKe jiki da cewa shi rotates, kwance a kan ta gefe. Sabon abu ne ma da canji na yanayi a duniya: kamar yadda 42 Duniya shekaru inda hunturu mulki, da rãnã ba ya bayyana a dukkan, a matsayin bazara yana shekaru 42, da rãnã ba kafa a wannan lokacin. A cikin bazara da kaka haske ya bayyana a kowace 9 hours. Kamar dukan giant taurari, Uranus yana da zobba da yawa watanni. Kamar yadda masu yawa kamar yadda 13 zobba revolves a kusa da shi, amma ba su kasance kamar yadda mai haske kamar yadda Saturn da amaryar wata duniyar tamu riqe kawai 27. Idan aka kwatanta Uranus da Earth, shi ne 4 sau fi girma, 14 sau mutum da aka located a nesa daga Sun, a 19 sau da hanya zuwa luminary na duniya tamu.

Neptune: Planet na invisibility

Bayan Pluto aka cire daga yawan taurari, da na karshe na rana a cikin tsarin fara Neptune. An located 30 sau m daga rana fiye da Earth, kuma duniya ba za a iya gani ko da wani abin kawo nesa kusa. Masana kimiyya sun gano shi, saboda haka yin magana, kwatsam kallon da peculiarities na motsi gaba da shi da taurari da kuma su da tauraron dan adam, sun ƙarasa da cewa bayan da kewayewa na Uranus ya zama wani babban wani sarari suKe jiki. Bayan da ganewa da kuma nazari saukar ban sha'awa fasali na wannan duniyar tamu:

• saboda gaban a cikin yanayi na manyan yawa na methane launi na duniya daga sarari bayyana blue-kore.
• Neptune ta kewayewa ne kusan daidai zagaye;
• duniya rotates sosai sannu a hankali - wanda gwiwa da ke sa for 165 shekara.
• Neptune ne 4 sau fi girma fiye Duniya da 17 sau mutum, amma da karfi na janye ne kusan guda kamar yadda a kan wannan duniya tamu;
• mafi girma na 13 da tauraron dan adam na giant - Triton. Ya ko da yaushe ya juya zuwa gefe daya daga cikin duniya, kuma sannu a hankali ta halarci ta. A cewar wadannan halaye, masana kimiyya sun zaci cewa ya aka kama da janye Neptune.

A ko'ina cikin Milky Way - ɗari. Biliyan taurari. Duk da yake masana kimiyya ba zai iya ko da gano wasu daga cikinsu. Amma da yawan taurari a cikin hasken rana tsarin da aka sani zuwa kusan dukan mutanen duniya. Duk da haka, a cikin 21st karni, sha'awa cikin ilmin taurari, kadan iri na, amma ko da yara san sunayen taurari na hasken rana tsarin.