Ƙasa fasali da kuma amfani da albarkatun a Sweden

Abinda ke ciki na wannan labarin - da ma'aunan kasa tsarin da albarkatun ma'adinai na Sweden. Me ya sa wannan} asar? Shi ne ba kawai da most na kasashen Yammacin Turai, da cikakken yankin kasa, amma kuma da m hali da kuma da dama rarrabe siffofin da suke da ba a sani ba ga mafi Russia. Labarin kasa da kuma Sweden taimako albarkatun ne batu na sha'awa ba kawai don kwararru, geographers, amma kuma da yawa m karatu.

Abin da irin kasa

Location Sweden - arewacin Turai (Scandinavian Larabawa). Makwabta - Norway daga yamma, Finland - daga arewa maso gabashin, Denmark - daga kudu maso yammacin. Ma'adanai Sweden da kuma Finland, kazalika da fasali na sauyin yanayi, suna kama a tsarin saboda da kusa da kusanci. Baltic Sea da Gulf of Bothnia an wanke ta da ruwa ta jihar a gabas da kudu. A size na kasar ne 450,000 murabba'in kilomita.

Kamar yadda riga ya bayyana, Sweden - mafi girma daga cikin Scandinavian kasashen. Daga cikin dukkan kasashen Turai ta size ne na biyu kawai ga expanses na kasar mu, kazalika da Ukraine, Faransa da kuma Spain. A tsawon da karkararta a kudu-arewa shugabanci - game da 1600 kilomita, da kuma "a kwance" (a yamma-maso-gabas) - game da 500 km.

Fiye da rabin yankin ne shagaltar da gandun daji, duk da haka 14-15% ne tundra da bogs, da kuma game da 9% na kasar ne shagaltar da m ruwaye. Yawan koguna, kõguna da tabkuna a Sweden kai 90 000. The sunayen da mafi girma daga cikin tabkuna - Vättern, Vänern, Mälaren, Elmeren.

A halayyar bayanin irin Swedish kogin - ba ma dogon, amma sosai mafi zurfi, tare da waterfalls da kuma sashen kogin. Channel suka karya ma a cikin shugabanci daga arewa maso yammacin zuwa kudu maso gabashin. Mafi yawa daga cikin kõguna gudana a cikin Baltic Sea (ta Gulf of Bothnia).

Jihar tana da fairly dogon ƙirin (2,700 kilomita dari), ado da picturesque tsibiran da harbors na halitta asali. Sunayen mafi manyan Swedish tsibiran - Öland da Gotland.

Relief da kuma amfani da albarkatun a Sweden

Gore kira Kebnekaise ne tsororuwar a kasar. Alama da shi saman teku matakin -. More fiye da 2100 m tsammãni samuwar da ta asali siffofin dangane da wuri daga cikin Scandinavian Larabawa da kuma wani ɓangare na Baltic Shield. Folded dutsen tsarin a cikin lokaci a karkashin tasirin wani babba yawan glaciers motsi da a tsaye hali jeri.

Island wata babbar dama da suka wuce ya tsakiyar Turai da nahiyar glaciation. A yankin da aka rufe tare da iko glaciers, mafificin alamar 1500 m. Masana kimiyya sun kafa wanzuwar na karshe na wannan inuwõyi kamar kusa zamani Stockholm. Haka ya faru game da 100 da suka wuce ƙarni. Sauran m glaciers located a arewacin tekun na Gulf of Bothnia, game da bakwai ko takwas shekara dubu da suka wuce.

A bit na labarin kasa

Ya dogara da wuri daga cikin kasar albarkatun ma'adinai a cikin halaye na Swedish taimako. Its ƙasa za a iya raba arewaci da kudancin halitta yankunan. Northern Sweden located, yafi a kan wani tudu, aka raba babba, tsakiya da kuma ƙananan tsaye bel. Game da ma'adanai da kuma sauran albarkatun kasa, da Filato Norland rike da farko daga cikin wadannan bangarori da aka kafa yafi moraine adibas da kuma peat bogs. A cikin yankin na yammacin gaba na Gulf of Bothnia akwai tãrawar na marine sediments.

Filato Norland ne cibiyar da manyan tama adibas. A wannan mayar da hankali da kuma babban reserves na katako. Part arewacin kwaruruka arziki m kasa wanda aka yafi amfani ga makiyaya.

A kudancin kasar (a kan tudu na Småland, filayen Tsakiya Sweden da kuma Skåne Larabawa) shi ne yafi mayar da hankali masana'antu na kasar da kuma bangaren noma. Ibid - da mafi yawan yawa. Småland dangane da ta gwada m sauyin yanayi ne mafi m wuri domin mutum rayuwa.

A kasa m ga aikin noma girma, yafi coniferous gandun daji. Quite babban ɓangare na ƙasa rufe da shi peat bogs. Skåne - Sweden ta Kudu - filayen ya kusan gama nome ga bukatun na noma. Akwai kyau tati, wanda shi ne sauki rike da samun wani babban yawan amfanin ƙasa. Filayen cike da koyaswa m ridges na kananan tsawo, mikewa kudu maso gabashin daga arewa maso yamma. Lokacin da wani lokaci picturesque bayyana m thickets aka rufi da predominance na deciduous itatuwa (ash, itacen oak, Maple, Beech). Daga bisani, da kyau gandun daji da aka hallaka da hannun ɗan adam.

Sweden Useful albarkatun - a takaice game da main iri

A rarrabe Swedish subsoil - da dũkiya da karafa da kuma zumunta talauci na ma'adinai habaka. Ƙasa fasali da kuma amfani ma'adanai Sweden nasaba tarihi. Godiya ga m outcrops na magmatic da metamorphic asalin suna samuwa babba reserves na ƙarfe ores. A sosai kananan adadin guda sedimentary kankara yanayi ya sa kusan cikakkiyar babu mai, iskar gas da kuma ci.

Yaren mutanen Sweden da Karafa adibas za a iya aiwatar wa daya daga cikin mafi arziki a duniya. Wannan kuma ya shafi taro na tama reserves, kuma da karfe abun ciki a cikin tama. A farko bangaren shi ne game da biliyan 3 ton, da kuma talakawan abun ciki na karfe a cikin tama ya wuce 60%.

A bayar da mu a hoto - Sweden amfani ma'adanai (babban ganima jinsunan).

Inda zan samu su

A abin da yankunan da aka boye babban amfani ma'adanai Sweden? Fiye da 4/5 na kasar Tama sun mayar da hankali a cikin mafi muhimmanci da Karafa gundumar. An ayi a Lapland, bayan da Arctic Circle. The most ajiya da aka kira Kirunavaara kuma, bisa ga masana, ya ƙunshi ba kasa da biliyan 1.6 tons.

Lapp arziki tama ƙunshi high yawa na karfe - akalla 2/3. Amma baya ga cewa, akwai kuri'a da phosphorus. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa wannan tama da wuya ya narke. Yi amfani da wadannan taimako albarkatun a Sweden a kan wani ciniki sikelin fara kawai tare da gabatarwar Thomas smelting aiwatar da cewa ya faru a nuna na XIX da XX ƙarni.

Wani daya daga cikin yankunan da na baƙin ƙarfe, da ake kira Bergslagen da aka sani tun tsakiyar zamanai, aka located a tsakiyar bangare na kasar. By yawa na tama, ya ta yarda da arewa, amma da albarkatun kasa ake cirewa ƙunshi wani karami yawan cutarwa sulfur da phosphorus, don haka abin da ya dade da aka yi amfani da bukatun da masana'antu, musamman metallurgy.

Bari mu magana game da ba-ferrous karafa

Hakazalika, juna ma'aunan kasa tsarin da albarkatun ma'adinai na Sweden, game da ba-ferrous karafa. Wajen da most of su adibas - a kan Norlandskom tudu. A Buliden yanki - Kristineberg yana a sararin hadaddun na adibas da kuma sulphide tama. A cikin tsarin - da taro na jan karfe, gubar, tutiya, da azurfa, da zinariya, arsenic, pyrite. Daga cikin abubuwan, a yankin Laysvall yana kai da filin, da kuma a Aitik - tagulla. A arziki a kan wani Turai sikelin jan adibas a Jamhuriyar Sweden dangane da wani dogon aiki muhimmanci dwindled da kuma a halin yanzu suna da wani ciniki darajar.

Abin da sauran amfani albarkatun a Sweden faru a kan karkararta? Akwai za ka iya samun kuma bituminous shale adibas wanda gudanar da wani nisa karami reserves na uranium. An kiyasta adadin 317 000 ton. Wannan adadi ne game da 20% na jimlar reserves na jari hujja kasashen.

Amma domin cin gaban uranium-qazanta shales bukatar gagarumin enrichment. Wannan hanya ba sosai kudin-tasiri a cikin ra'ayi na da rinjaye a yau a farashin matakin for raw uranium.

A arziki adibas na Norrbotten da Bergslagen ingancin tama larduna an san ba kawai a ko'ina cikin kasar, amma har ga dukan duniya. A Norrbotten - mai yawa jan-pyrite adibas. A total number of su daga can - game da 100. A lardin kira Västerbotten da Bergslagen game da tsakiyar Sweden, ma mai arziki a tama da kuma jan pyrites.

Petroleum a Sweden

Dukkan wadannan ma'adanai Sweden kasar kusan m. A 'yan sanannun filayen man fetur da ake located a Turai ta Tsakiya da kuma man gas tasa. A Sweden samun kawai sulusi da murabba'i na shi, rufe da girma da tsari na 30 000 murabba'in kilomita. Yana bautarka tsibirin Gotland a arewa maso yammacin gefen. Sunan daga cikin mafi girma daga cikin filayen - Hamra. Arzikin man fetur a can, bisa ga masana, shi ne game da 20 000 ton.

Samuwa a cikin kasar, da kuma ci, amma muhimmancin da reserves da gaske, duk da haka. A nan, da taimako da kuma amfani ma'adanai Sweden juna kai tsaye. Kabu kauri da -. Ba fiye da 0.8 m kwal (Öresund, Höganäs) za a iya samu a lardin Skåne, located kashe gabar yammacin kasar na Sweden.

Ko za a Sweden daraja karafa? Kananan yawa na azurfa da zinariya concomitantly samar a lokacin aiki na sulfide tama adibas. Duk da haka, a Enasene akwai watakila kawai daya daga cikin zinariya-filayen.

Game da Swedish sauyin yanayi

Kamar dukan Scandinavian kasashe, yawancin Swedish ƙasa ta'allaka a karkashin wani Layer na snow. Wannan shi ne saboda da wuri fasalin Scandinavian duwãtsu. Sun yi rawar da wani shãmaki zuwa free kwarara daga m iska taro ya fito daga cikin Atlantic. A bambancin da Swedish sauyin yanayi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa gagarumin tsawon na kasar a cikin meridional shugabanci.

Gabashi da kuma kudancin kasar saboda da dumi ruwan Gulf Stream da Maritime temperate sauyin yanayi tare da wani kadan miƙa zuwa nahiyar. A watan Janairu zafin jiki ne yawanci a cikin kewayon daga - 15 zuwa ⁰S - 3 ⁰S. A watan Yuli - 10-17 ⁰S.

Shekara-shekara da ruwan sama na game da 300-800 mm na ruwan sama. Tun da volatility na kananan, akwai haddi danshi. A dangane da karshe factor a kasar ta ƙasa da aka fi mayar swamped.

A cikin mountainous arewa-maso-gabashin yankuna na kasar, musamman waje na Arctic Circle, da sauyin yanayi ne subarctic hali. A gagarumin rabo daga Arewa Territory rufe kankara zanen gado, da yalwa da dutsen-kwarin glaciers.

Game da Swedish koguna da tabkuna

Ma'adinai adibas a Sweden - ba kawai ta albarkatun kasa. Duk na sama fasali na sauyin yanayi, topography da ma'aunan kasa tsarin a Sweden ne m ga dama data kasance tabkuna da koguna rufe taswirar kasar tare da m cibiyar sadarwa. Yaren mutanen Sweden sunã gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu, yawanci da kunkuntar kwaruruka kuma qawata tare da wani yawa na waterfalls da kuma sashen kogin. Sau da yawa sosai, su yi amfani da matsayin makamashi kafofin.

Idan muka yi la'akari da kogin samar da wutar lantarki kamar yadda daya daga cikin kasar albarkatun, shi ne mafi muhimmanci da albarkatun akwai waɗanda ke fara a cikin Scandinavian duwãtsu (a kan su m gangara), daga ƙarƙashinsu ta hanyar Norlandskomu Filato da kuma daga ƙarƙashinsu a cikin Gulf of Bothnia. Sunayensu - Ongermanelven, dalälven, Lule, Umeelv, Indalsälven. Rivers Alternate tare da m tabkuna da kuma yalwa da lake-kamar kari da cewa aiki a matsayin halitta kududdufai. Suna iya bayar da ruwa ya kwarara tsari a cikin shakka daga cikin shekara.

Lake - wani rabuwa ɓangare na wuri mai faɗi da hali na kasashe irin su Sweden da kuma Finland. A karkashin su shagaltar akalla 8% na kasar. Located a tsakiyar Lake Vänern, Sweden a Turai - mafi girma. A gudãna daga shi cikin kogi Göta Älv yana high waterfall, wanda aka yi amfani, erecting a kan shi mai iko hydroelectric shuka da kuma yawan shipping kwa'di.

A tsirin ƙasa duniya

A ƙarshe - 'yan kalmomi game da shuka albarkatu a Sweden. Kusan dukkan karkararta, fãce a cikin matsananci kudu, ya kasance a cikin podzolic zone. Ba su wakiltar wani musamman darajar domin aikin noma. More dace a cikin wannan girmamawa ne sod-podzolic ƙasa jinsin, ya zama tartsatsi a cikin filayen kwari da tabkuna Tsakiya Sweden.

Forest ruwan kasa kasa, wanda ake gani mafi m dukan, data kasance a kan ƙasa na Scandinavian Larabawa, located a kudancin kasar. Yafi na arziki sashin Skane.

Ciyayi a Sweden ne ya wakilci yafi by gandun daji, ya kange fiye da 50% na ƙasa. Su yankin -. More fiye da 23 kadada miliyan, don haka da cewa wannan nuna alama jihar riko da fari tsakanin kasashen Turai. The girma na gandun daji sun dauki coniferous. Wajen arewa, a kan ƙasa na iyakacin duniya Lapland, girma a kan gangara na gandun daji a hankali kara Heights maye gurbin kan Birch m. More kara sama dutsen tundra thickets lichen, gansakuka, Juniper da Dwarf birches.

Kawai a lokacin rani watanni, da mai kauri wuri mai faɗi da duwãtsu da m blooming Lawn a ɗanyar ciyawa. Tundra ciyayi rufe akalla 1/8 na sarari. Na m-Leaved itatuwa iya magana game da klone, itacen oak, Linden, kuma ash. A kudancin sassa na kasar za su iya saduwa da Beech gandun daji.

Akwai da yawa a Sweden itace

Ba kawai daya daga Sweden ma'adanai turawa da shi daga cikin flagships na tattalin arzikin duniya. A cewar daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci albarkatun - katako albarkatun - Sweden nasa ne da Turai da shugabannin kasashen waje. A cikin shekara ta samar 2.3 biliyan cubic mita, da kuma kusan dukkan shi nasa ne da conifers. Tare da irin wannan sararin hanya tushe na kasar ne da suka ci gaba woodworking da kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma takarda masana'antu.

Idan a cikin tsakiyar karni na karshe akwai wani gaske dabbanci cikinsu yake saran masu daraja gandun daji, ta taki a 'yan shekarun nan ya muhimmanci ragae down. Jihar ciyar kudi mai yawa domin sabuntawa da kuma share na halitta yankunan da inganta abun da ke ciki. A sakamakon haka, yawan aiki na yankin rufe da gandun daji ya karu markedly.