Sturgeon jinsunan. Sturgeon (kifi): photos

Mafi yawa sturgeon nau'in kifi rayuwa a cikin tẽku gishiri da ruwa da kuma iyo a spawn a sabo ruwa. A mafi karami girma baiwa sterlets wakilan wanda da wani talakawan size of 30 cm zuwa 1 m da wani nauyi na laban zuwa 4 kg. The most wakilin iri - fari sturgeon wanda cinma taro da 2 m zuwa 9 m, a tsawon.

Yau kama kifi na sturgeon - duniya most kiwon kifi. Bugu da kari ga nama, wannan nau'in na da muhimmanci caviar. A lokacin spawning kifi vyov haramta. Amma farautar aka yaxu ko'ina, har ma tare da shi da kuma yakar.

External halaye da kuma tsarin

Wakilai daga sturgeon - daya daga cikin babbar kifi a cikin ruwa sararin koguna da tekuna, suna da wani elongated jiki, wanda aka rufe da layuka biyar na fitar kasusuwan jikinsu scutellum: 1 a baya, 2 a kowane gefe da kuma 2 a ciki. Tsakanin su akwai kashi faranti. Sturgeon - kifi tare da wani dogon conical hancinsa, kamar shebur. Kasa shugaban zubar pulpy bakinka lebe, wanda a da dama jinsunan yana da wani jinjirin wata siffar da aka ma located a kan sãsanninku. 4 located kasa da muzzle kashi. A muƙamuƙi yana da wani zamiya form ba tare da hakora.

Radiation filafilin kifi a kan kirjin da yawa thickened da kuma kama spines, da dorsal ne dan kadan fatattaki. Swimbladder located a karkashin kashin baya, kuma aka guda biyu tare da esophagus. A kwarangwal yana kwaro, guringuntsi tsarin da adana daga cikin tsirkiya. Gill membranes 4 ana saka zuwa ga makogwaro da kuma ci a makogwaro, da kuma a can ne ma ƙarƙashin 2 gills.

janar bayanai

A mafi yawan lokuta, duk sturgeon jinsunan a lokacin spawning canjawa wuri zuwa sabo kafofin a cikin kududdufi ruwa. Su yawan ne quite salon, kuma su isa da kuma manyan mutane da za su iya samar da miliyoyin larvae. Spawning auku a cikin bazara. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa wasu nau'in, fãce spawning, suna kunshe a cikin ruwa na koguna da gida. Suna zaune mafi yawa a kan tushe na tafkunan, ciyar a kan ƙananan kifaye, tsutsotsi, mollusks da kuma kwari.

pubescence

Sturgeon iyali, wanda ya hada da wani jerin kamar biyu da dozin jinsunan, wakilta, yafi longevity. A lokacin da mutane shirye su spawn faruwa a hanyoyi daban-daban dangane da mazauninsu da jinsunan kifaye. A wannan lokaci za ka iya ganin yadda wasu daga cikin m ruwa na sabo kogin swarms tare da wakilan sturgeon. Bayan spawning mutane samar da qwai saukar da kogin zuwa teku, karuwa a size, suna tasowa. A shekara da suka sake zuwa spawn.

A ci gaba da sturgeon, kazalika da maturation, shi ne sosai m. Wasu jinsunan shirye su haifi kowa ba fãce a cikin shekaru 20 da shekaru. A mãtã, mafarki ya auku a wani lokaci na 8 zuwa shekaru 21, maza 5 zuwa shekaru 18. Amma game da nauyi za a iya ce cewa sturgeon nau'in kifi - fi sauri girma mazaunan tafkunan. The fi sauri hanya don isa mafarki sturgeon Dnieper da kuma Don, da yawa ya fi tsayi - mazaunan Volga.

Spawning

Ba duk mace sturgeon spawn a kowace shekara. A kowace shekara sturgeon breeds kawai. Spawn wakilan sturgeon a cikin bazara da kuma bazara a cikin sabo ne ruwan koguna da sauri yanzu. Shi yana da wani m tsarin, don haka daidai a haɗe zuwa flagstone ko tsakuwa.

toya

The larvae kunno kai daga qwai, da kuma jakar kwai, wanda ya haddasa na ciki tsawon iko. Da kansa amfani da waje abinci iya soya a wannan lokaci, a lokacin da na ciki mafitsara gaba daya tunawa. Sa'an nan ya zo da wani lokaci na aiki exogenous wadata. Bayan haka, toya iya tsaya a cikin kogin ruwa, amma sau da yawa da larvae fadowa cikin teku a lokacin rani na wannan shekara. Saboda haka ninka sturgeon. Photos of daban-daban na wakilainsu za a iya samu a cikin wannan labarin.

ikon toya

A farko abinci ga sturgeon toya - shi zooplankton, kamar Daphnia. Da zarar sun fara ci da wakilan da crustaceans:

* Gammarids,

* Chironomids,

* Opossum shrimps.

A togiya ne predatory beluga juveniles suka ba su da kuma jakar kwai da kuma lokacin da ya tsaya a cikin kogin don fara su ci abinci.

Kara ci gaba da na balagagge sturgeon zuwa shekaru auku a marine ruwaye. Sadarwa wakilan sturgeon kasu kashi bazara da kuma hunturu iri. Domin na farko sabõda abin da ya faru a cikin kogi a cikin bazara. Spawning ya auku daga gare su kusan nan da nan. Winter ne kunshe a cikin kogi a kaka, ciyar da hunturu da kuma spawn gaba spring.

Nau'in sturgeon iyali

Da farko ware ta nau'i biyu daga sturgeon:

* Sturgeon.

* Skafirinyh.

Dukan su tare da fiye da game da 25 jinsunan kifaye, wanda aka za'ayi kawai a cikin temperate latitudes na Asia, Turai da kuma Arewacin Amirka. A tsawon lokaci, da yawan wasu daga cikinsu bace.

iri

Sturgeon jinsin su ne Popular a sana'ar kamun kifaye. A halin yanzu, mun san na 17 jinsuna daban na sturgeon wakilan. Mafi mashahuri ne da wadannan:

1. Beluga - mafi tsoho irin ruwa tare kifi. A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar shi iya wuce shekaru 100. Babbar Beluga iya zama 5 m, a tsawon kuma suna da wani taro na 2 tons. A jikin kifi alama torpedo siffar, ya rufe tare da m fitar kasusuwan jikinsu faranti a 5 layuka, duhu-m, da kuma kasa - fari. A kasa na muzzle da antennae cewa tabbatar da kifi hanci da baki a cikin wani nau'i na sickle. Mãtan ne ya fi girma fiye da maza. Beluga - mai predator cewa ciyarwa mafi yawa irin kifi, gobies, herring, busasshen kifi, da kuma irin kifi. Jĩfa qwai mãtã sau daya a cikin shekaru 2-4 a cikin bazara.

2. Rasha sturgeon - kifi tare da dogara sanda-dimbin yawa jiki da short m hancinsa. A antennae aka shirya a karshen bakinsa. Mafi sau da yawa, kifi yana da wani launin toka-black launi sama, grayish-kasa-kasa sãshinansu da fari ciki. Rasha sturgeon kai a kalla 3 mita a tsawon kuma iya samun wani nauyi zuwa 115 kg. A wannan yanayin, da rayuwa ta sake zagayowar ne shekaru 50. A yanayi sturgeon iya samar da hybrids da sturgeon, fari sturgeon, kashin baya da kuma sturgeon. Wannan ya faru sosai da wuya, amma irin wannan hybrids za a iya samu. Bigiren kifi mazauninsu: Azov, Caspian da kuma Black Tekuna.

3. Siberian sturgeon. kifi jiki da aka rufe da yawa fulkrami da kashi faranti, zamiya bakinsa. Hakora na wannan kifi ne mãsu fakowa ba. Gaban da bakinka ne 4 barbels. Siberian sturgeon mazauninsu: waha na Yenisei, Likitan mata, Lena, kuma Kolyma. Iyakar kifi ke tsiro zuwa 3 m, a tsawon, har zuwa 200 kg a cikin nauyi da zai iya rayuwa shekaru 60. Spawning ne a tsakiyar lokacin rani. Abinci sturgeon ne kwayoyin da cewa rayuwa a kasa na kogin, molluscs, amphipods, polychaete tsutsotsi da kuma chironomid larvae.

4. sturgeon yi kawaici a cikin daruna na Azov, Black kuma Caspian Tekuna. sturgeon kifi ne hunturu da kuma bazara. Ga wani elongated jiki sevrjugi halin da dogon hanci, convex goshi, kunkuntar da santsi antennae da kuma underdevelopment na ƙananan lebe. Gefen da saman jiki na kifi an rufe tare da m Cover of scutellum. A baya da kuma tarnaƙi ne bluish-baki launi, da kuma ciki - fari. Sevryuga da wuya ya kai fiye da 5 m, a tsawon kuma 50 kg nauyi.

5. Sturgeon - daya daga cikin mafi karami tsakanin sturgeon kifi, ya kai gare shi 1.25 m tsawo da kuma yin la'akari har zuwa 16 kg. Shi yana da wani elongated kunkuntar hanci, dogon tendrils cewa kai da bakinka a lamba scutellum a tarnaƙi, kuma ya kasu kashi biyu ƙananan lebe. Beyond da saba sturgeon faranti a jiki, sturgeon aka nasaba, scutellum a baya. Dangane da yankin da kifi mazauninsu iya samun launi daban-daban, amma sau da yawa a baya na ta grayish-Brown launi, da kuma ciki ne yellowish fari. Ƙege launin toka a ko'ina. starlet ne ma m da kuma kaifi-nosed. Kifi yana samuwa ne kawai a arewacin Siberia.