St Michael da ke sufi: description, tarihi, zane, frescoes da mosaics

St Michael da ke sufi, mafi tsufa tsarki mazaunin Kiev, ya hada da wani shahararren haikalin da hadaddun gina a cikin sunan Mala'iku Michael, ya zama majiɓinci daga birnin. Bugu da kari ga undoubted m da kuma gine-gine da isa yabo na babban coci, ta peculiarity shi ne cewa ya kasance na farko a Rasha haikali Dome ne mai rufi da zinariya. Wannan ya ba da sunan ga dukan sufi hadaddun.

Cathedral, gina ta Prince Svyatopolk

Yana yi wa imani da cewa shiri na sufi da aka alaka da sunan Lardi na Kiev, Mikhail, shahararren addini adadi na X karni. Duk da haka, da gina sanannen zinariya-domed babban coci fara kawai a karni daga baya, a zamanin mulkin Prince Svyatopolka Izyaslavicha. Ana yi musu baftisma, sai aka Kwafa da Michael, da kuma gina coci ne wata ãyã daga sha'awa ga mãsu ƙanƙantar da kai bã shi da sama ya zama majiɓinci.

Gina taƙawa yarima, da Cathedral gudanar da wani muhimmin wuri a cikin rayuwar 'yan ƙasa, kazalika da Kiev yana ƙarƙashin samaniya angarorin na Arhangela Mihaila. Yana da daidaituwa ba St Michael da ke Golden-Domed sufi, a cikin kewayon wanda ya kasance memba, daga XII karni zama binne wuri na 'ya'yan sarakuna iyali na mutane. Shi ne mai irin pantheon, depicting a kan su tombstones wani gagarumin lokaci a cikin tarihi na Kievan Rus.

Da farko zinariya Dome a Rasha

A 1108 wani gagarumin taron ya faru a cikin rayuwar sufi: daga Byzantine babban birnin Konstantinoful da aka canjawa wuri zuwa da shi kaya daga St. Barbara, wanda ya zama babban haramin sufi. Don wannan lokaci masu bincike sanyã da haihuwa na da sabuwar a lokacin da gine-gine da al'adar gilded Dome. Church of St. Arhangela Mihaila shi ne na farko a Rasha, inda gine-ginen sun aiwatar da wannan bidi'a.

Mamayewa na Tatars da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland iko

Tsanani shafa da rabo daga cikin sufi lokacin mamayewa na m invaders. Daga gare su, mafi girma lalacewar sufi sa rundunar 'Tatars nasara Kiev a 1482. Suka hallaka yawa gine-gine a cikin sufi da kuma halakar da m Monuments na Old Rasha zanen da rubuce-rubuce.

Lokacin St Michael da ke sufi, tare da dukan Kiev, fadi a ƙarƙashin mulkin da Polish da sarakunanmu, da ya yi charters cewa ya ba da dama ga zaben da abbots da kuma samar da 'yancin kai daga ecclesiastical ikon metropolitans da kuma sabani gwamna. Wannan ya kai ga ta ci gaba, da kuma bisa ga tarihi takardun na zamanin, to tsakiyar XVI karni, sufi zama mafi girma a kuma arziki addini tsakiyar Kiev.

Fada Uniates

Halarci ban mamaki events na St Michael da ke sufi fara a farkon XVII karni, a lokacin da Sarkin Poland ba shi mallaki Uniate - wakilan da Girkanci cocin Katolika, yana kokarin yada da tasiri a kudancin da kuma kudu maso yammacin yankuna na Rasha.

Ƙoƙarinsa don kama da kadarori na ga sufi da ya sa kawo karshen Cossacks a makamai wanda ya kare da ubanninsu 'wuraren bauta.

Jini da aka zubar da kare zauna ba a banza. Godiya zuwa ga ƙarfin hali sufi da aka gudanar da Orthodox Church, kuma ta mazaunin Ayuba Boretsky da aka daukaka zuwa Lardi. Hagu zuwa rayuwa a cikin ganuwar da sufi, shi ne kamar haka muhimmanci ya karu da matsayi, yin shekaru da yawa m mazaunin Lardi.

Events XVII-XVIII ƙarni

A gaba muhimmanci mataki a cikin rãyuwar sufi fara a 1654, lokacin da akwai wani dangane da Kiev da batun yankuna da Rasha jihar. Duk da cewa Michael ta sufi rasa wani ɓangare na da ƙasar kadarori, wanda sun zama mallakar Commonwealth, da asarar da aka fiye da cika tare da hetman da Cossack jami'an, cire suna mallaka sufaye manyan yankunan, dake a cikin hagu-banki Ukraine. An fara daga 1800 sufi da aka ma mazaunin Vicar na Kyiv Diocese.

A lokacin XVII-XVIII ƙarni dukan hadaddun na gine-gine ya halartar manyan sake fasalin kudin a fashion na cewa lokaci da Baroque style. A sakamakon ayyukan na farko, mafi pre-Mongol coci hada da Cathedral of Shugaban Mala'iku Michael St Michael da ke sufi. Daga shi ne kawai da apse bagaden, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa na ganuwar da kuma a tsakiyar Dome. Musamman da hankali da aka biya zuwa tsoho mosaics da frescoes cewa ƙawata ganuwar da Haikali. Isar da karatu da art tarihi, suka yi tun da aka barrantar da kuma mayar.

Ambatar pre-neman sauyi tarihi na sufi, ba a ma maganar mallakar sufi gina kusa da Kiev, kuma shi ne kusa da eponymous Convent, fassara a 1712 a kan kalmasa. Wannan tsarki sufi da aka ma kafa a cikin girmamawa ga majiɓinci, saint birnin - Arhangela Mihaila.

Halakar da Cathedral a lokacin Soviet lokaci

Babu wani daga cikin Tartars, ko ta kasashen waje nasara St Michael da ke sufi bai sha wahala irin irreparable hasarori, duka daga kansa 'yan asalin sa suna a Soviet sau maguzawan hauka. Lokacin babban birnin kasar Ukraine aka koma daga Kharkov zuwa Kiev, kuma ya dauki mai yawa sarari domin gina ofishin gine-gine, da Republican hukuma umurni da rushe tsohon babban coci.

Duk da ƙoƙarin ajiye art daga halakar musamman tsoho abin tunawa, a 1934-1936, da aiki a kan ta dismantling aka za'ayi. Mosaics da frescoes na St Michael da ke Golden-Domed sufi babban coci da aka partially ceto. Da suka kasance sunã ƙarfafa kan sabon da kuma sanya shi a cikin da St. Sophia Cathedral, located in tsakiyar Kiev.

Orthodox wuraren bauta, wanda sun zama gidan kayan gargajiya guda

Don ajiye mosaic mural "Eucharist" yana gina gida nuni zauren na St. Sophia Cathedral bango, daidai haifuwa da shaci na Wuri Mai Tsarki apse Michael Church. Sauran wani ɓaɓɓake daga mosaics da frescoes kunshe a cikin tarin na gidajen tarihi a Moscow, Leningrad, ya kuma Kiev.

A lokacin da Jamus zama na mosaics da frescoes ado da St Michael da ke sufi, su aka dauka a Jamus. Bayan yakin da suka koma zuwa ga kasarmu, amma ba su da bankunan na Dnieper, kuma a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya tarin a sauran garuruwa. A sauran kaya daga St. Barbara, don mutane da yawa ƙarni, shi ne babban haramin sufi, daga farkon sittin aka binne shi a cikin Vladimir Cathedral a Kiev. Dokar image na St Michael da ke sufi za a iya gani a Moscow, Leningrad, ya kuma Novgorod.

Ya kamata a fada sosai bakin ciki gaskiya. Shirin gina wani gini a administrative wurin inda a baya shi ne babban coci na St Michael da ke sufi, da aka taba aiwatar. Tanã darkake mafi muhimmanci da abin tunawa daga zamanin d Haikali gine-gine, da ikon bar a wuri kango a lokacin Soviet lokaci nuna su dabbanci hali zuwa nasu tarihi.

farfado shrine

Gina a cikin marigayi nineties da m Yu Lissitzky, da haikalin da aka kaddamar a kan May 30, 1999. Yana koma yawa abubuwa na tsohon ado, Stores har zuwa wannan lokaci a kasar da kuma gidajen tarihi pediment ado kwafin na zamanin d sassaka Arhangela Mihaila.

A belfry, sake ƙirƙirarsu bisa ga tsoho image, kafa wani zamani m kayan aiki - a carillon. Tare da taimakon masu sana'a kida yi hadaddun ruhaniya abun da ke ciki.