St. Andrew Cathedral a Kronstadt: tarihin, photos

Mun bayar da ku zuwa samun Masana daya daga cikin shahararrun Rasha majami'u da wani da ban sha'awa sosai tarihi. St. Andrew Cathedral a Kronstadt - wannan unfulfilled mafarki na Bitrus I. Wannan ya hango Rasha babban birnin kasar ", kamar Amsterdam." Its cibiyar aka located a kan Vasilyevsky Island.

A ra'ayin na Bitrus, mai girma

Daga 1716 zuwa 1718 a cikin sharuddan na birni ci gaban da aka ayyana wuri, inda ya kasance ya zama a St. Andrew Cathedral a Kronstadt. Yana da aka kamata su kafa a gaban daga cikin sha biyun kolejoji. A nan gaba rayuwa na wannan majalisa kamar haka gani a matsayin cibiyar na canji lokacin Bitrus, wanda featured addini haƙuri. Saboda haka, St. Andrew Cathedral a Kronstadt aka yi nufi ga gama ba kawai mazaunan ƙasarmu: da Orthodox, Katolika, Lutherans, - amma kuma 'yan kasashen waje a cikin wata guda addashin ba tare da kan iyakoki, da Kirista al'umma. A yi ta wadanda mutane ikon ya nuna hadin kai na Kirista Turai da Rasha jihar.

Duk da haka, da kokarin da gwamnati da kuma nobility sa da Cathedral of Bitrus na kasance a banza. Kafin na farko da dutse da aka dage farawa a cikin tushe, shi ya ɗauki shekaru talatin.

Vasilevsky Island har 1719

A Vasilevsky Island har 1719 wanzu kusan babu gine-gine, fãce ga ɗakunan ajiya na Menshikov tare da wani katako coci tare da su, kazalika da Faransa shiri, wanda aka sanaki sana'a kasashen waje. Bayan 1719 ya fara da za a gina na itace da na dutse gine-gine na shirin amince da Bitrus I.

Fara na yi na tsibirin

Yi gine-gine, ƙaddara ga mafi muhimmanci na aikin wuri (allon), ya fara a 1722. A nan, a kan square a gaban su, da Sarkin sarakuna da aka ƙaddara wuri domin nan gaba na coci.

Catherine I, matar Bitrus, gãdar da kursiyin bayan mutuwarsa, da nufi marigayin mata ne gaba daya rabu. A Vasilyevsky Island da lokaci tubalan for nan gaba hanyoyi, ya kuma tituna riga aka gano. Ba da bukatar gina coci ga wadanda suka rayu a kan tsibirin, sai aka karɓa yanke shawarar canza wurin nan gaba gine-gine. Yana da aka bayar a kan kusurwa na 6th Lines da Bolshoy Prospect, wanda zai zama wani dutse coci tare da lokaci. Amma da farko, za mu fara da gina da katako, wucin gadi.

A farko coci

Bookmark da gini a 1728 da aka kammala. Construction da aka kammala a 1731. Shi ne mai daya-storey suna fadin coci, wanda windows leƙa a kan Grand Avenue. The aikin ta marubucin ne ba a sani ba, amma daya iya zaton cewa shi ne George. Trezzini.

A 1732, 8 Oktoba, Feofan Prokopovich ya tsarkake wani sabon coci a sunan Andreya Pervozvannogo. A limaman aka yaba uku firistoci. Mazauna Vasilyevsky Island a watan Nuwamba 1733 da aka dangana ga umurnin da Ruhaniya Board of St. Andrew ta Church. Yana da aka ziyarci da yawa da suka shahara fuskoki na St. Petersburg, aka ma sanye take da mai sarauta wuri. A kauri ibadar, aka gudanar Yuli 30, 1745, ya dauki rantsuwar Trediakovskii Lomonosov. Wannan coci yana ƙarƙashin angarorin na sarki ta iyali. Anna Ivanovna ƙaunace ta ziyarar. Ta ba kudi to kayayyakinsa da tufafin. A kananan hurumi aka gaba ga coci. A nan, bisa ga al'adar, aka binne shi BF Dolgoruky, Sanata, daya daga cikin sahabban Bitrus.

Gina wani sabon dutse coci

Parishioners a 1740 ya juya zuwa ga Anne Ioannovne da kuma tambaye ta gina wani coci kusa da dutsen. birnin gina Hukumar Afrilu 5, 1740 da izini gina wani sabon dutse gini, a yanzu tsanani da (a cikin tsohon shi kuwa yana da sanyi). Tuni a cikin wannan shekara, a kan Afrilu 21 gabatar da wani shiri. Marubucin wannan aikin ne ma ba a san, amma m O. P. Trezini May 29 sanar da Ruhaniya hukumar cewa ginin zai kasance a karkashin ta iko.

The Mai Tsarki taron majalisar Krista na 2 Yuni, 1740 izini da yi, yana mai cewa, an yanke shawarar a kan sunan za su kasance bayan yi. A gina coci bayan wani lokaci an bã mu da wani iri-iri na kayan, da kusoshi, kuma lemun tsami, wanda ya kasance bayan gyaran gidaje a St. Petersburg, inda ya rayu da Persian Jakadan tare da ayarinsa.

A 1760, 17 Oktoba, sabuwar gina dutse coci da kuka dumama aka tsarkake a cikin sunan Three Hierarchs. St. Andrew Cathedral a Kronstadt aka located gaba kofa ga gini, a wani shinge a gefen dama na shi. A sabon coci da aka dutse biyu-labarin tsarin, rectangular a shirin, a kan ginshiki slab. A drum ne a kananan, octagonal, benaye ana sanya daga dutse arches na Jihadi. Dauka daga cikin gida coci na Menshikov iconostasis a wurinsa ya tsaya har sai 1827, bayan da aka maye gurbinsu da wani sabon daya da aka bayar daga gidan coci Titova, Manjo-Janar. A cikin bitar FA Verkhovtseva san mai yin kayan ado, aka kerarre a 1861 poods na azurfa tufafin, aka yi nufi ga babban bagaden. Akan image da uku crosses aka yi wa ado da shi.

10 karrarawa da aka sanya a kan biyu-bene kararrawa hasumiyar da sabon babban coci. Su ne sananne ga su da kyau ringing. Polyeleos kuma iyãma - mafi girma daga gare su. A Cathedral ne ma sanannen domin ta sassaka katako iconostasis a Baroque style. Abin baƙin ciki, artist da suka rubuta da icon na mai ceto ba (Grigoriya Bogoslova, Vasiliya Velikogo da Ioanna Zlatousta), kuma ya zauna ba a sani ba.

Bukukuwan kwanciya daga cikin dutse coci na St. Andrew

Babbar masifa faru a 1763, 4 Yuli. Katako St. Andrew ta Church a kan walƙiya lit sama. Ta kasa kare da wuta. Majalisar Krista da aka yarda ka gina 6 Oktoba maimakon hadayun katako gini dutse Kronstadt St. Andrew ta Cathedral. The cikakken tarihi na gina wannan gini da kararrawa hasumiyar da shugabannin kasashe biyar, da rashin alheri, shi ne ba a sani ba. A 1764, Yuli 18, akwai wani bukukuwan kwanciya daga cikin babban coci (kasa samar da wani hoto na shi).

St. Andrew Cathedral a Kronstadt yau dubi wannan hanya. A. I. Petrov, St. Petersburg tarihi, ta bayar da hujjar a cikin littafinsa mai suna "Tarihin St. Petersburg" Alexei Ivanov ya marubucin na aikin. Duk da haka, wannan ba a tabbatar. Talauci gane tarihin zane da kuma gina coci ba, amma an san cewa a 1766, Agusta 8, ciki da coci a lokacin da ayyukansu rushe Dome. Architect AF Wist, marubucin na aikin, da aka kama. Sai ya juya daga cewa rushewar sa babu kuskure marubucin, da matalauta ingancin kayan daga wanda babban coci da aka kammala. The wadanda mutane da kuma ecclesiastical adabi, ainihin ranar ta ƙarshe aka ba a kayyade ba, amma a kan gini a 1950 da aka shigar da wani abin tunawa plaque, bisa ga abin, shi da aka gina a cikin shekara 1764-1780 (m - Wiest).

Ruwan tsufana

Bayan Ruwan Tsufana ya faru a 1824, da kogon Cathedral ta cika da ruwa. A limaman ya umurce shi ya yi barci a kauce wa yiwu ambaliyar ruwa a nan gaba da kuma rufe tsohon ƙofar vault shi kurãme.

dutse bagadai

Maris 10, 1848 aka yanke shawarar zuwa hašawa a garesu na babban coci dutse bagadan. Yana nufin a gare su aka tattara daga parishioners. Project Architect - H. tsefe. Chapel na da hakkin ya a cikin sunan na ɗauka na Our Lady, da kuma hagu - a cikin sunan H. Myra. Suka aza a 1848, a kan Yuli 31 da kuma tsarkake a cikin shekaru biyu a ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba. A cikin karni na sha tara ta kama, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin photo, St. Andrew ta Cathedral (Kronstadt).

The Church da ake zama manya

A kudi na fatake parishioners AI Timenkova da V. A. Frolova a 1850, biyar surori na babban coci da kuma kararrawa hasumiyar sun gilded da kuma rufe da sabon hardware. Ciki ado da aka canja a 1858. An sa'an nan kuma sake kashe zanen arches da ganuwar, redid da iconostasis, gilded ado a kan arches da vaults. Uku-tiered iconostasis sanya, sassaka, gilded. Goma sha huɗu images na biyu da na uku tiers aka fentin da artist Shishkin. Iconographer Poshekhonov rubuta guda biyu a farko bene.

Tare da majalisa domin rayuwa misalin da aka gina a cikin farfajiyar wani dutse gidan. Ya kasance har zuwa 1826 a kananan, biyu-labarin. A cikin coci kudi a 1826, don gina a kan ta uku bene.

A wuta a 1897

A 1897, 24 Yuli, a game da ƙarfe goma ne na dare, a tsibirin jũna a haske da isasshen ƙarfi. Gaskiyar cewa Lights sama St. Andrew ta Cathedral (Kronstadt). Don Haikali garzaya da taro, akwai wani daban-daban gefen tsẽre wuta brigades. Tanã gilding na domes a lokacin na gaba gyara. A cikin sama ɓangare ga wani dalili ba a san ta kama da wuta sa a kusa da Dome na babban coci da kuma wani katako katako. Ta hanyar kokarin da jarumi kashe gobara da kuma suka rushe, amma ɓangare na rufin a lokaci guda sha wahala.

A rabo daga cikin Cathedral of St. Andrew a cikin Soviet shekaru

A shekarar 1918, a kan Janairu 23 aka zayyana umartar SNK, bisa ga abin da coci da aka raba daga jihar. An bayyana cewa, babu addini da kuma coci rayuwa ba zai iya mallaki dukiya. All dũkiyõyinsu da aka ayyana kasa dukiya. The Church rasa ta da tasiri a zukatanku da tunaninku na ƙaramin tsara, suna da za'ayi domin ƙarni, tun da, a cewar wannan umurnin da makaranta da aka rabu da coci.

Bayan wurare da dama na kasar. (Mafi dukkan - da Volga yankin) da aka cike a cikin matsananci fari da ta sa miliyoyin mutane a kan gãɓar rãmi na yunwa, da Soviet gwamnatin Fabrairu 23, 1922 bayar da umarni. All coci dukiya mai daraja kasance da za a janye daga haikalin da za a yi amfani da jihar sayan hatsi a kasashen waje.

All dabi'u Andrew ta Cathedral da aka kwace a watan Maris 1922. Haka kuma, wasu daga cikin firistoci, suka yi tsayayya da shi, aka kuma kama da dan kaso.

A mafi yawan aiki mambobi a farkon 1938 aka kama da NKVD, sa'an nan hawa zuwa Levashovsky marar amfani. Akwai su da aka harba. Kronstadt St. Andrew ta Cathedral, wani photo na wanda aka gabatar a cikin wannan takarda, an rufe May 16, 1938. Parishioners gudanar da hawa sama da iconostasis plywood da katakai. Saboda wannan tsira ga wannan rana da wannan relic, wanda shi ne gaskiya alfahari da Kronstadt. St. Andrew ta Cathedral, wanda aka adana ne yanzu a gidan kayan gargajiya tarin, hayarsa domin shekaru masu yawa da Institute of Anthropology da Ethnography. A uku-storey gidan, wanda har 1974 da aka sanaki zuriyar firistoci, da aka Hijira.

coci comeback

Church of Three Hierarchs aka koma Yuli 15, 1991. Ta aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga al'umma na St. Andrew Cathedral a zama. Restoration fara aiki a shekarar 1994, da kuma a yau St. Andrew ta Cathedral (Kronstadt) mayar. Suka sanya crosses on belfry da Dome, maye gurbin yin rufi, kazalika da gyara da aka yi. Metal tufafi da aka saya don bagaden da kursiyin, kazalika da gumaka da yawa coci kayayyakinsa.

Location da kuma jadawalin da sabis

Yau da coci da aka aiki. Duk iya ziyarci St. Andrew Cathedral a Kronstadt. Address: Vasilevsky Island, da 6th line, 11. Opening sa'o'i: kullum daga 9 na safe zuwa 7 am. A wani ba rana, za ka iya zo da sabis a St. Andrew ta Cathedral (Kronstadt). Jadawalin ayyuka kamar haka: ibadar da aka gudanar a 10 am, ikirari - at 9:30, da yamma sabis da aka gudanar a 17 Wajen ƙarfe.