Sol Bellou: biography da kuma hoto

Nobel Prize lashe, wani fitaccen mawallafin na karni na 20th, American marubuci Sol Bellou zauna a sosai tsawo da kuma arziki m rayuwa. A ranar da littattafai da dama da al'ummomi daga masoya na ingancin wallafe-wallafe. Ya kalamai da kuma littattafan har yanzu suna dacewa a yau, da kuma biography ne ban sha'awa.

Family da kuma ƙananan yara,

Sol Bellou aka haife Yuni 10, 1915, a wani karamin Canadian birnin Lachine kusa Montreal. Iyalinsa na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ya yi hijira daga St. Petersburg a search na mafi rayuwa. Da farko, da yaron ta suna Solomon Belouz. The iyali shi Yahudawa-Lithuanian Tushen, mahaifina yana cikin Yahudawa al'umma da kuma, saboda haka, ba yaron ya saba Hebrew sunan. Amma baya ga mafi alhẽri hade a cikin al'ummar {asar Amirka, ɗan Ibrahim Belouz taqaitaccen sunan da sunan uba na yaro. Saboda haka akwai Sol Bellou. A St. Petersburg, da iyali da aka quite m, amma aura na sosai wuya ta rayuwa. The mahaifin na gaba marubuci da aka yin a ci tallace-tallace, da kuma mahaifiyarsa yi aiki a matsayin mai dafa da na'urar wanke kwanoni. The iyali yana da yara hudu, ƙarami wanda ya Saul. All rayuwata na yi kokarin sa iyaye da kuma ilmantar da yara. Ibrahim transports ta zuwa Birnin Chicago, don inganta rayuwar iyali. Saul ya taso a gari, kuma ya dauki kansa a gaskiya Chicagoans. Ya nuna wani wuri shekaru agaji nufi, riga kamar yaro ya yi magana harsuna da dama, da kuma ƙaunar da ya karanta. A shekaru hudu, ya ƙware Hebrew, kuma har abada a cikin soyayya da Littafi Mai Tsarki. Sa'ad da Saul yake 9 shekaru da haihuwa, ya kasance mai lafiya kuma aka tsare a gado, a wannan lokacin, ya karanta mai yawa kyau littattafai. Da yaron yana da shekara 17, da uwarsa mutu, ya kasance damu ƙwarai game da wannan har shekaru da yawa.

samuwar

Duk da cewa tun suna yara Saul ya ƙaunace mu karanta mu kuma son karatu adabi, har yanzu ya zaɓi ya fara da hanyar mabanbanta shugabanci. Ya aka kawo a cikin wani yanayi na karfi addini, da mahaifiyarta mafarkin cewa zai zama mai kada violin ko wani rabbi, amma Saul ya so wani daban-daban hanya. Bayan makaranta, ya sa suna a cikin jami'a, amma ba a sashen Turanci Wallafe-wallafe, kamar yadda akwai samuwa ga wani karfi anti-Yahudawa jin zuciya, da kuma baiwa na Anthropology da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a. Amma bayan shekaru biyu ya, a cikin magana, "ya zama rashin iska a Chicago" kuma ya canjawa wuri zuwa Arewa maso yamma University a Illinois. A 1937, ya samu wani digiri na farko. Daga baya ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Jami'ar Wisconsin. A 'yan shekaru bayan kammala karatu daga jami'a, ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a daban-daban da makarantu, amma ko da yaushe bar dogon-tsaye yara mafarki.

kira

Kamar yadda wani yãro, Sol Bellou karanta littafin G. Beecher Stowe ta "Uncle Tom ta gida," da kuma yanke shawarar zama marubuci. Duk da haka, da hanya zuwa ga mafarki ne mai tsawo daya. Kamar bayan samun digiri, ya fara buga su sake dubawa na sabon kayayyakin da adabi translation na Yahudawa texts. Aiki da malamai, Bellow ya rubuta farko shine, "tsakanin sama da ƙasa", wadda za ta samar da shi a kyawawan babban rabo. The labari da aka rubuta a cikin wani nau'i na diary wani mutum wanda ba zai iya ji janar m ruhu cewa cike da yawan al'umar a lokacin yaki. Wannan labari ne game da wani mutum talakawa kokarin su kare mutuncin ta ainihi yayin da hadawa a cikin al'umma. Ya ga yana kokarin zama wani ɓangare na mutane, amma bai yi nasara ba. Subject don adana su "I" a karkashin matsin lamba na zamantakewa, al'adu da kuma halin kirki presses zai zama mafi muhimmanci a cikin aiki na Sola Bellou. Nasarar bai kawo tattalin arziki da 'yanci,' yan shekaru da marubuci ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Minnesota.

hanyar marubuci

A shekarar 1947, Bellow saki biyu labari - "wanda aka azabtar", wanda ya ci gaba da taken tsare su ainihi karkashin matsin da jama'a. Har ila yau, a nan akwai wani biyu muhimmanci line, wanda shi ne sai da marubuci zai ci gaba - wannan shi ne matsalar na anti-Semitism. Saul kansa akai-akai da fuskantar da cewa ya kasa aka zama hani ga masu sana'a da kuma rayuwa hanya. A shekara ta 1948, marubucin sami lambar yabo Guggenheim, wanda a yarda da shi da ya bar aiki don matsawa zuwa Paris da kuma samun aiki a kan labari "The Kasadar Augie Maris". Sol Bellou shi sake kiwata batun ba} in yahudawa kuma halin kirki matsaloli na search na hanya. The labari ne dauke da wani classic picaresque labari na Amurka, da kuma wasu masu bincike kira shi da mafi kyaun halittar marubuci. Bayan wannan aikin Bellow ta wãyi gari da aka sani da quite m mutum ba fiye da lokacin da za a wallafe-wallafe. Amma ya ci gaba da koyar. Ga wasu lokaci ya yi aiki a New York, Puerto Rico, amma a shekarar 1964 ya koma garin da yara - Chicago. A nan sai ya fara aiki a Jami'ar, koyar da m basira da kuma marubuci aiki a cikin interdepartmental hukumar a kan zamantakewa da tunani. Domin shekaru 30, ya Farfesa ne na wannan jami'a, taimaka talented mawallafa nemi hanya a cikin adabi da kuma a rayuwa. Bellow kaunace Chicago, ya ce cewa ya ji a gida a nan. Ga shi an kewaye da saba mutane da kuma wurare: makaranta abokai, makwabta, abokan aiki. Ya sau da yawa yana da dogon tattaunawa tare da abokinsa - wani Falsafa Allan Bloom.

A shekarar 1964 ya wallafa wani sabon Roman Bellou - "Duke" wanda samun wani sosai dumi maraba da masu karatu da kuma masu sukar. A labarin wani malamin jami'a, m bincike domin ma'anar rayuwa, marubucin sa kan daidai da irin wannan girma mawallafa a matsayin Joyce, Updike, Tolstoy. A lokacin da ya m biography Bellow rubuta 14 babbar litattafan da novellas, kwaikwaiyo da dama tarin na gajejjeran labaru, kazalika 4 shirin ayyukansu.

A bit iya tuna da marubuta suka ci gaba da yin su tsufa a wannan matakin. Wadannan sa'a da dangantaka Sol Bellou. "Ravelshteyn" - na karshe labari na marubucin - zo a cikin 2000, lokacin da ya kasance 85 years old. A cikin littafin ya gaya labarin da ya madugun aboki A. Bloom, amma kuma ga ganewar babban harafin da sauran sanannun prototypes. A littafin nuna a kan Bellow ta da yawa matsaloli na yanzu da kuma na duniya falsafa batutuwa.

A shekarar 1993, marubucin da iyalinsa koma zuwa Boston, inda ya samu aikin yi a University. Ga ya kammala tafiya.

Marubucin style

A marubuci ne sau da yawa kira daya daga cikin mafi kyau stylists a wallafe-wallafen Amirka. Shi ne mai dabara ji na magana da ikon samun irin wannan embodiment tunani, wanda ba ya barin mai karatu sha'aninsu dabam. Books Bellow ne wani misali da wani musamman dangane highbrow adabi, iyaka a kan falsafa da rubuce-rubucen, litattafan da m labarin dake rike da mai karatu ta da hankali a ko'ina cikin labari. Daga cikin litattafansu na wallafe-wallafen Amirka, na biyu wuri bayan Faulkner kahu sosai da kanta a matsayin Sol Bellou. "A Duke", "Ravelshteyn", "Augie Maris" ya zama Amirkawa wani makawa kashi na al'adu da kaya.

mafi littattafai

Marubuci sami daraja bayan da a saki na farko da littafin, ya labari aiki ne ba don haka mai girma, duk da haka, kusan kowane samfurin - a real fitacciyar. Story "Ku kama lokacin" Sol Bellou saki a 1956, kuma ta zama muhimmiyar cikin sharuddan da aka fi so jigogi na marubucin da kuma receptions. A littafin gaya labarin wani hali wakilin ƙarni na 50s, wanda aka fafitikar ya sami hanya a rayuwa. Ya ke faruwa ta hanyar wuya sau, kuma ya zo domin ya fahimci cewa dole mu zauna a yau. Marubucin bai ba da girke-girke, da kuma ya shafi karatu a wani hadin gwiwa gani da search for gaskiya. American dalibai za a iya gani a farko Lines daga cikin jerin littattafai, bukata karatu, da wadannan: Sol Bellou "Henderson da Rain Sarki." Wannan littafin ya zama daya daga cikin mafi kyau ayyukan marubuci, wannan tragicomic labarin karbi mafi kima na biyu da masu karatu da kuma masu sukar, wanda ba sau da yawa. Labari "The Gift na Humboldt" a shekarar 1975 sanã'anta shi a Pulitzer Prize, kuma kasa da kasa fitarwa. Littafi marubuci ya sa a cikin wani yawan litattafansu karni na ashirin da.

Awards kuma Kyautukan

Sol Bellou, wanda littattafai suna karanta duk faɗin duniya, domin rayuwarsa ya samu da yawa awards. Shi ne kawai daya a tarihin wallafe-wallafen Amirka da aka sau uku sãka musu da National Wallafe-wallafe Award, kuma a shekarar 1976 ya samu lambar yabo ta Pulitzer. Kuma a cikin wannan shekara ya samu daya daga cikin mafi girma da lambobin yabo a duniya - Nobel Prize for Wallafe-wallafe. Membobi na Nobel kwamitin lura da cewa marubuci aka bayar da kyauta ga dabara bincike na zamani da al'adun, da kuma shigar azzakari cikin farji na humanism. Ya aka kuma bayar da Order na Tuli na karimci (France), da National mindar na Arts (USA), da kuma da dama wallafe-wallafen awards.

shahararren quotes

Sol Bellou, ya riwaito daga littattafai da shafi zurfin da hikima, da aka sani a matsayin marubuci da kuma ilimi. Ya rike da yawa sanannun kalamai, musamman da kalmomi: "Mutane bayyana su so kuma yadda suka ji rauni wasu" da "rashin nishaɗi - mai girma da iko. Gundura daina yana zuwa da kanta, fiye da gafala daga rashin nishaɗi. Huda sa girmama "daga Maris ta cin duniya. "Ku sani yadda za a kula da kansa, don haka shi za a yi amfani ga dukan Adam" da "tsakanin sama da ƙasa". "Man aka haife marãya da marãya da sauran" da "Herzog" kuma da yawa wasu.

Personal rai

Sol Bellou ya da wani sabon abu mutumin. Ya taka leda da goge, yana sha'awar wasanni, ya abokai da fice masana falsafa da kuma aka yi wata babbar sha'awar na mata. Bellow da aka yi aure sau 5, daga daban-daban aure ya haifi yara hudu. Farko da matar - Anita Goshkin - haifi dansa Greg, wanda ya zama wani psychotherapist, amma duk rayuwarsa ya ba zai gafarta wa ubansa abin da ya jefa mahaifiyarsa, har ma ya rubuta wani tarihin game da mummunan yanayin da marubuci. Tare da matarsa ta biyu, Anna Chakbasovoy, Bellow rayu kawai shekara guda, da kuma a cikin wannan aure, ma, yana da ɗa - Adam. Ya bi sahun mahaifinsa, ya zama editan kuma ba mafi nasara marubuci. Uku matarsa - Susan Glassman, wanda ya ma zauna ga wani taƙaitaccen lokaci. Daga Alexandra - hudu matarsa - da aure dade kusan shekaru 10. Karshe, na biyar matarsa - Dzhenis Fridman - haifi 'yar Bellow, sa'ad da yake da shekara 84. Ta fara ne a shekarar 2005 da ya bazawara. Sol Bellou mutu Afrilu 6, 2005, bai zama quite a bit kafin ninetieth.