Mene ne Pulitzer Prize, kuma domin da shi ne bayar da. Sananne lashe lambar yabo ta Pulitzer

Yau, ta Pulitzer Prize, shi ne daya daga cikin mafi shahara da kuma, kamar yadda wani sakamako, duniya ta mafi babbar lambobin yabo a aikin jarida, photojournalism, music, adabi da kuma yin zane-zane. Yana da aka amince da goma sha bakwai Agusta 1903 Joseph Pulitzer, wanda yake sananne American m da kuma dan jarida, wanda sunansa ne aka har yanzu hade tare da fitowan na "rawaya latsa" na salo.

Dzhozef Pulittser aka haife shi a Afrilu 1847 a Hungary. Bayan hijira zuwa shekara goma sha bakwai a Amurka, a cikin 1878 ya sayayya biyu sanannun American jarida - "St. Louis aika" da "St. Louis Post", kuma ya ƙunshi wani sabon ambata - "St. Louis Post-aika." Rinjayu da ikon da latsa a kan zuciyar mutum, Pulitzer yana amfani da ta edition da za a buga mafi rigima da shubuha articles dauke da zargi da ayyuka na hukuma. Ba da da ewa, ya edition ya zama daya daga cikin mafi riba da kuma iko a yammacin Amurka. A 1883, ya sayayya da New York World, kuma ya jũya shi a cikin wani m jarida, cike da siyasa labarai, complemented Comics da kuma zane-zane. Don karɓa daga jaridar bugu riba Dzhozef Pulittser School of Aikin Jarida halittawa ne, kuma ya tsayar da sanannen kyauta.

A bisa ga al'ada, ta Pulitzer Prize, bayar da ga farko Litinin a watan Mayu da mambobi ne na United States, a Jami'ar Columbia for fice nasarori a fannin adabi da kuma aikin jarida. da premium adadin ga mafi gabatarwa na goma dala dubu. Dabam, da category "Ga sabis ga al'umma", wanda ya lashe na'am ba kawai monetary lada, amma kuma lambar zinariya "Gama cancantar sabis ga al'umma."

A total akwai a halin yanzu game da 25 daban-daban gabatarwa, daga cikinsu 14 ne kai tsaye alaka da aikin jarida. A kowace shekara, musamman da hankali ne wallafe-wallafen awards a shida gabatarwa: "Ga almarar littafin da aka rubuta da wani mawallafi of America", "Ga wani biography ko tarihin rayuwar ta Amirka marubucin", "Ga wani littafi a kan tarihin na Amurka", "Ga mafi kyau drama", "Domin na waka" da kuma "Domin Non-fiction." Kamar yadda tarihi rahotanni, ta Pulitzer Prize (littafin) an ba bayar da sau goma, kamar yadda juri bai iya gane wani wallafe-wallafen aikin, kuma ya cancanci da lambobin yabo.

A labarin na

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, ta Pulitzer Prize, ya zo a 1903, lokacin da aka kõma har nufin Dzhozefa Pulittsera. An farko bayar da a 1917. A cewar yarjejeniya tsakanin Columbia University (a karkashin laimar da Faculty of Aikin Jarida wanda faruwa kowace shekara lambar yabo gabatar) da Pulitzer, da monetary ɓangare na kyauta ne shekara-shekara samun kudin shiga da fitar da Pulitzer Foundation, kafa a kudi na miliyan biyu da kyauta da jami'a. Saboda haka, shekara-shekara tsabar kudi kyauta asusun da nawa zuwa game da 550 dala dubu. Bugu da kari ga gudunmawa na m, wani asusu da aka halitta a shekarar 1970, wanda ya janyo hankulan ƙarin kudi don biyan bashin da na lashe wannan babbar kyauta.

Yawan gabatarwa da kuma lambobin yabo daga ma kawai qara a kan lokaci. Saboda haka, a 1922, da farko ya bayyana kyauta ga mafi kyau zane mai ban dariya, da kuma a 1942 da lambar yabo da aka bayar da farko ga mafi kyau photo. A kadan daga baya ya zo da gabatarwa domin mafi kyau songs da Theatrical wasanni. Bugu da kari, a watan Mayu 2006 a cikin contenders for yabo ta Pulitzer, rufe ba kawai takarda, amma kuma lantarki aiki.

A gasar juri

Pulitzer Prize bayar da Kwamitin Amintattun na Jami'ar Columbia a kan sakamakon Shawarwari Board. Yana da wannan jiki nasa ne mai hukunci murya a kayyade da cin nasara. Members na Shawarwari Board ne kafa sharudda domin lashe kyautar.

Da farko, da Board kunshi kawai daga cikin goma sha uku mahalarta, amma ta tsakiyar shekarar 1990 akwai goma sha bakwai mutane. Don kwanan Pulitzer kwamitin qunshi 19 masana, daga gare su, Prize gudanarwa, biyar sanannun wallafa, daya columnist, editoci da kuma shida na shida masana kimiyya.

M ayyuka na kyauta kwamitin da aka kaiwa da komowar jama'a zargi. A kowace shekara da juri samu da yawa zargin nuna bambanci da kuma gabar a awarding na babbar kyauta. Duk da haka, bisa ga nufin na mahalicci na Pulitzer Prize, canja tsari na wannan hanya ba zai yiwu.

tsari Award

Bisa ga shatan kyautar, domin gabatarwa a aikin jarida bukatar gabatar da abu a cikin takarda form ba daga baya fiye da na farko na Fabrairu na yanzu shekara. Domin wallafe-wallafen ayyuka a ranar za su zama Yuli 1 bara ga littattafai, wanda aka buga daga watan Janairu zuwa Yuni. da kuma Nuwamba ga littattafai da aka buga daga watan Yuli zuwa watan Disamba.

Sha'awa, da category na aikin jarida za a iya da'awar a madadin wani mutum cikin dukan zamanin da premium. Babban abu cewa, tsari da aka bayar tare da kofe na takardun gaskatãwa ga dama dan takarar lashe kyautar. Amma ga adabi, da Majalisar dole ne samar da hudu kofe a kan gabatarwa sa a gaba da littafin ga review. A irin wannan hanya da ake amfani da hakkin da yawa Rasha wallafe-wallafen kyautar. Amma da m da kuma ban mamaki ayyukanku su zabi ga lambobin yabo ba daga baya fiye da na farko na watan Maris na wannan shekara, da kuma kawai a yanayin da cewa: dukkan yan juri ne saba da su jama'a yi.

Yanke shawara a kan ba da kyautar aka karɓa musamman nada ta University ga kowane category da juri. Kowane juri zai shirya jerin uku da 'yan takara da kuma mika shi zuwa ga Pulitzer Prize Board. A Council, bi da bi, ya bincika dukan abu kafin shi, ciki har da rubuce kafofin, shawarwari da kuma ayyukan da aka kebe, sa'an nan gaba da riga nasu tunani ga amincewar kwamitin amintattu na Jami'ar Columbia. A amintattu ne zabi na Board kuma da sauri sanar da nasara, ba tare da jiran ga dauke da fitar da hukuma awards bikin. Ya kamata a lura da cewa ba da dũkiya, kuma bã da mambobi ne na juri ba zai iya tasiri bisa zabi na Board. Its mambobi yanke shawara a kan awarding na wani takarar, ko da kuwa da shawarwari na juri. Babu wani daga cikin amintattu, 'yan juri ko da Majalisar iya ba wajen tattaunawa ko da kuri'a idan kyauta mika su rinjayar da su na sirri bukatun. Majalisar membobinsu da aka iyakance zuwa uku sharuddan na shekaru uku kowanne, da kuma ayyuka suna cike da m takardar za ~ en, wanda ake buƙata don halartar duk data kasance mambobi ne na Board.

Mafi shahara lashe lambar yabo ta Pulitzer

Tun da zargin da wannan lambar yabon ya zama mai yawa marubuta da kuma 'yan jarida, tsakanin wanda aka biyu sanannun da kuma ba a gane da jama'a mawallafa. The sosai farko na lashe kyautar da aka Amirka jarida Herbert Bayard, wanda aka bayar da wannan babbar kyauta ga jerin articles karkashin lakabi "tu da Jamusanci Empire."

A daban-daban shekaru da wallafe-wallafen kyauta bayar da ayyukansa, kamar "Ya tafi tare da iska" by Margaret Mitchell, "The Old Man da kuma Sea" da Ernest Hemingway, kazalika da Harper Lee labari "Don kashe wani Mockingbird." A daidai wannan lokaci da mafiya yawa daga cikin littafin lashe lambar yabo ta Pulitzer, ya ba ta kasance daga cikin mafi kyau-sayarwa, kazalika da samun kyautar mataki taka taba sa a kan m mataki.

Kamar yadda na waje lashe lambar yabo ta Pulitzer, na farko irin na Democrat da wani Rasha jarida Artyom Borovik tare da reportage "Room 19" na kwakwalwa ayyukan da Cibiyar. Har ila yau, a watan Afrilu 2011, da kyauta da aka bayar da Anne Politkovskoy ga wani cikakken labarinsa na yaki a Chechnya. Wani Rasha jarida - Alexander Zemlyanichenko - biyu-lokaci lashe kyautar ta ɗaukar hoto na Moscow putsch a shekarar 1991 da kuma Boris Yeltsin hotuna.

Pulitzer Prize for wallafe-wallafe. Babban fasali na lambar yabo

Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, ta Pulitzer Prize, ga wallafe-wallafe, da bambanci ga nasara a cikin sauran Categories ne ba ko da yaushe da kyau a san da kuma gane marubuta. Ko da yake kwamitin al} alai sukan da ake zargi da gazawa da kuma zamba. Wannan ne sun fi mayar samu daga gaskiya cewa membobinta tsananin bi da dokokin kõma sama da Joseph Pulitzer, bisa ga abin da wannan lambar yabo, kazalika da wasu Rasha wallafe-wallafen kyauta, bayar da kawai ga waɗanda marubuta suka sadaukar da littafin rayuwa, da kuma tarihin Amurka.

Sau da yawa aiki da samu lambobin yabo ne na kadan wallafe-wallafen darajar, duk da haka, daidai da fairly bayyana rayuwa a cikin outback ko gaya, misali, game da sirri da matsaloli na American matasa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa data wallafe-wallafen da kyaututtuka an rarraba ba da Genre, kuma a lokaci manufa. A kowace shekara da juri ance 'yan ayyuka, shi ne mafi kyau don bayyana ba, kuma baya daga cikin United States.

Yarda da abin yabo da 'yan jarida

Pulitzer Prize aikin jarida - shi ne mafi muhimmanci da kuma babbar lambar yabo ga American periodicals. Yana hada da wani yawan gabatarwa, wadda aka kiyasta a matsayin gudu da kuma AMINCI lokacin rufe events da kuma na sirri gudunmawar 'yan jarida a aikinsu. Abin sha'awa, a cikin wannan yanayin, da lambar yabo nasara ne ba kawai mutane, amma duka ɗaba'ar.

Wannan watakila mafi ake iya faɗi Pulitzer Prize. Yabon a cikin wannan yanayin ne ko da yaushe aka sani a gaba, kuma su hango ko hasashen sakamakon zaben ba shi da wuya. A lokaci guda, ya ce zabar gwamnan da aka dauke su har yanzu da kuma m, a mafi ɓangare na scandals da kuma zarge-zarge. Mai sukar yarda da cewa duk yabon da Prize samu su lambobin yabo da kuma wajaba haka bin doka.

Music kuma Theater

A fagen music Pulitzer Prize aka bayar a cikin adadin dubu uku daloli. An bayar da ga fice aikin da American mawaki halitta a cikin wani manyan hanya. Wannan duk orchestral, choral da kuma jam'iyya ayyukansu, operas da sauran qagaggun.

akwai ma na musamman sukolashif a cikin adadin dubu biyar dalar fãce music kyauta, wadda ake bayar da su fice digiri na Faculty of Aikin Jarida, sun bayyana kwadayin kware a fagen music, wasan kwaikwayo, kinotelevizionny ko wallafe-wallafen zargi.

Pulitzer Prize wasan kwaikwayo da kyauta kudi a cikin adadin dubu uku daloli. Suna bayar da matsayin daraja sanannun darektan da kuma matasa darektan, na aiki a kan plays a bambancin nau'o'i. Kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da wallafe-wallafe, da yawa ayyukansu sun samu high amincewa da juri, shi da bai taba aka nuna wa jama'a da kuma taba aiwatar da wasannin a kan Broadway.

domin harbi Award

Pulitzer Prize aka wajaba a dauki daya daga cikin mafi kyawawa ga daukar hoto. Domin da yawa, shi yana nufin mai yawa fiye da kawai monetary diyya. Yana da wani fitarwa na isa yabo, da darajar da kullum aiki. A daidai wannan lokaci a kusa da gabatarwa ne har yanzu siga muhawara. Jama'a ra'ayi ne mai kawo rigima sosai, kuma da yawa mutane ba su tabbata ko duk wannan shi ne zama dole Pulitzer Prize. Hotuna, wanda shi ne bayar da, sau da yawa su tsallaka iyaka na al'ada art. Mafi yawa daga cikin ayyukan da kishin kadan-sani ko riga a gefen nabivshim matsaloli. Ma'aikata sa a bude nuni na sirri wasanin kwaikwayo da kuma karye kaddara mutane. Saboda haka, mafi yawan hotuna suna bar bayan kallon da nauyi laka.

Sau da yawa soki ne batun ba kawai aikin, amma kuma da masu daukan hoto da kansu. Suna da ake zargi da cewa su aka yin fim da mugayen events, maimakon ya taimake mãsu bukãta. Saboda haka, misali, Kevin Kartar, ya karbi kyautar a jerin hotunan "Yunwa a Sudan", wanda Zagayawar da yarinya raunana da yunwa da babban condor, jira ta mutuwa, kashe kansa kawai watanni biyu bayan da kyautar.

Award nasara a 2014

Goma sha huɗu a watan Afrilu 2014, an taƙaice, kuma ya sanar da sunayen masu wani Pulitzer Prize. Saboda haka, da lashe kyautar for adabi ya zama Donna Tartt kuma ta labari "The Goldfinch", wanda ya gaya labarin wani yaro na goma sha huɗu, yawo cikin Manhattan bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa. Wannan aikin shi ma na farko a cikin jerin ɗari da mafi kyau littattafai na shekara bisa ga online store "Amazon" a karshen shekarar 2013.

Wasan kwaikwayo kyauta ya Enni Beyker domin play "Flick", gabatar a category "ban mamaki aiki". A cikin category "Music" lambar yabo ya aka bayar da Dzhon Lyuter Adams ga song "Get da teku."

Amma ga aikin jarida, da "Jama'a Service" category kyautar tafi zuwa ga littattafanmu "The Guardian" da "The Washington Post", wanda za'ayi a binciken da Amurka National Security Agency ta ayyukan kan takardun bayar da Edward Snowden. A cikin gabatarwa: "The sa mamaki abu" 'yan jarida lashe wani American littafin ( "The Boston Globe"), wanda aka rufe da fashewar abubuwa da kuma gudanar da bincike ayyuka a lokacin Boston. Mafi duniya rahotanni da aka samu aiki Reuters 'yan jarida, gaya game da zalunci na musulmi al'umma a Myanmar da kuma cinikin bayi.