Sniffer kalmomin shiga, cibiyar sadarwa. Sniffer - abin da yake da shi?

Mutane da yawa masu amfani da kwamfuta tsarin sun ji labarin irin wannan abu a matsayin "sniffer". Abin da shi ne, duk da haka, cikakken tunanin ba duk. Haka kuma, a yau shi ne mai yiwuwa a ware wani mai iyaka da'irar mutane suka san yadda da kuma inda ya yi amfani da irin wannan shirin da kuma "baƙin ƙarfe" kayan aiki. Bari mu yi kokarin warware abin da ke abin.

Sniffer: abin da yake da shi?

Bari mu fara da definition na lokaci. Don gane jigon wannan al'amari, ya kamata ya kasance da sauki fara fassara da kalmar "sniffer". Mene ne wannan? A zahiri translation na Turanci Concepts sniffer ne "sniffer".

Kawai sa, shi ne wani shirin ko kayan aiki iya dogara ne a kan zirga-zirga bincike a cikin nau'i na fakitoci daukar kwayar cutar ko samu bayanai a kan hanyar sadarwa don dawo da bayanai ka bukatar, ko da shi ke waje cibiyar sadarwa IP-adiresoshin, zane kalmomin shiga, ko na sirri bayanai. Kansu sniffers za a iya amfani da cutar da kuma amfani.

The main iri sniffers

Amma ga babban irin sniffers, shi iya ba dole ba ne a cikin manhaja da aka sanya a kan wata kwamfuta m, ko sanya a cikin nau'i na wani online applet.

Sau da yawa za ka iya samun sniffers a cikin nau'i na "baƙin ƙarfe" na kayan aiki, ko aka gyara da hada da software, da kuma ta jiki bayyanar cututtuka. Haka kuma, babban rarrabuwa sniffers hada da wadannan iri:

• software.
• hardware;
• firmware.
• online aka gyara.

Lokacin da primary rarrabuwa za a iya gano ta kara bincike da kuma rabuwa shugabanci. Alal misali, ya fi na kowa jinsunan kamar sniffer kalmomin shiga, wanda babban aiki ne cire daga data fakitoci bude ko rufaffen lambobin samun dama da wani bayani. Akwai sniffers shafe kawai lissafi na wani takamaiman m IP-adiresoshin domin samun damar mai amfani da kwamfuta da kuma adana a cikin bayanai.

Yaya ta yi aiki?

Technology sakonnin cibiyar sadarwa da zirga-zirga ne m kawai networks dangane TCP / IP ladabi da kuma aiwatar da connection via Ethernet cibiyar sadarwa cards. Wireless networks kuma za a iya bincikar, da farko ta wata hanya saboda a irin wannan tsarin akwai wani mai waya dangane (ga na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, mai bayarwa zuwa kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, ko tebur PC).

Watsa bayanai a cikin cibiyar sadarwa ne ba na game naúrar, da kuma via da rabo a cikin fakitoci da kuma misali segments, wanda, a lokacin da samun da mai karɓa gefen ake hada a cikin guda naúrar. Shirin-sniffer ne iya waƙa duk yiwu watsa tashoshi na kowane sashi, da kuma a lokacin da canja wuri (isar) unprotected fakitoci da na'urorin haɗa da cibiyar sadarwa (magudanar, Dandali, sauya, kwakwalwa ko ta hannu da na'urorin) samar tsantsa dacewa data, wanda zai iya ƙunsar guda kalmomin shiga. Saboda haka, da keta kalmar sirri zama na kowa dabara, musamman idan aka ba rufaffen.

Amma ko da lokacin da yin amfani da m kalmar sirri da boye-boye fasahar, shi za a iya daukar kwayar cutar tare da daidai key. Idan shi ne bude da key don samun kalmar sirri sauki. Idan key aka rufaffen, an attacker iya amfani da duk wani software-decoder, abin da kyakkyawan ma kai ga fatattaka data.

Ina yin amfani da sniffer cibiyar sadarwa?

Field na amfani sniffers ne quite rarrabe. Ba na zaton cewa wani m sniffer a Rasha ne kawai wajen by hackers kokarin yin wani m tsangwama a cikin cibiyar sadarwa da zirga-zirga domin samun wasu muhimman bayanai.

Tare da daidaita nasarar sniffers za a iya amfani da azurtawa cewa suna bisa laákari da bincike na data zirga-zirga fitar da masu amfani, da inganta tsaro na kwamfuta tsarin. Ko da yake irin wannan kayan aiki da kuma aikace-aikace ake magana antisnifferami, a gaskiya shi ne mafi talakawa sniffers son yin aiki a gaban shugabanci.

Hakika, masu amfani na irin wannan ayyuka ba tare da wani daya notifies da naka, da kuma yin yawa ji a cikin wannan. Private mai amfani ne mai wuya a iya da kansa dauki wani cigaba. Kuma sau da yawa da bada na zirga-zirga da bincike yana da muhimmanci sosai, domin zai iya hana yunkurin tsoma baki a cikin aikin na waje networks, don nazarin samun aika da fakitoci, za ka iya waƙa da samun dama marar izini don su akalla kan wannan peripherals IP-adiresoshin, kokarin sakonnin da daukar kwayar cutar segments. Amma wannan shi ne mai sauqi qwarai misali, saboda duk da fasahar ne yafi hadaddun.

Kayyade gaban sniffer

Duk da yake barin ajiye irin wannan abu a matsayin "sniffer". Abin da shi ne, shi ne kadan sarari a yanzu ganin kan abin da filaye iya ayyana wani "wiretap" sniffer mallaka.

Idan kwamfuta tsarin ne OK, da kuma wani cibiyar sadarwa ko Internet connection ne a guje smoothly, na farko alamar waje baki ne don rage fakiti kudi, idan aka kwatanta da cewa ya bayyana da ISP. A Windows-tushen tsarin da misali yana nufin domin sanin gudun talakawan mai amfani zai wuya ko da lokacin da cibiyar sadarwa Halin menu kira ta danna kan icon to connect. Ga ka saka kawai yawan aiko da kuma karbi fakitoci.

Haka kuma, yi a cikin "aikin sarrafa" nuni so bayanai a cika, to wannan gudun raguwa za a iya alakantawa da gazawar da hanya zuwa wanda damar ne da za'ayi. Shi ne mafi kyau don amfani na musamman kayan aikin, analyzers, wanda, a hanya, da kuma aiki a kan manufa da sniffer. Abinda kana bukatar ka biya da hankali, wannan shi ne kawai da cewa irin wannan shirin bayan shigarwa na iya haifar da kurakurai da cewa faruwa saboda rikice-rikice da firewalls (a Firewall gina-in Windows ko uku-jam'iyyar software da kuma hardware "baƙin ƙarfe" type). Saboda haka, a lokacin da bincike tace, yana da kyawawa don musaki.

ƙarshe

A nan, haƙiƙa, da kuma duk abin da ya yi tare da irin wannan abu a matsayin "sniffer". Mẽne ne cikin sharuddan shiga ba tare da izini ba kayan aikin ko kariya, bisa manufa, ya kamata a sani. Ya zauna don ƙara 'yan kalmomi game online applet. Suna kawai ake amfani da mafi yawa daga hackers kafin su sami IP-address na azabtar da kuma samun bayanai na sirri. Bugu da ƙari, cewa irin wannan online-sniffer ya aikata ta kai tsaye aiki, da IP-address na attacker kuma canza. A wannan batun, wadannan applet ne da ɗan kama da wani m wakili sabobin cewa boye real mai amfani da IP. Domin wasu dalilai, da bayanai a kan wadannan internet albarkatun ne ba kamar yadda tsangwama tare da wani ta kwamfuta ta hanyar wadannan, kamar, da kuma a hukumance sa shirye-shirye ne ba bisa doka ba da kuma hukuncin.