Atomic 420 mm turmi 2B1 "Oka": Bayani dalla-dalla

A tarihin nauyi-taƙawa manyan bindigogi da makamai na yaki ne cike da abin kunya da kuma curiosities. A Moscow Kremlin da aka wakilta mu tarihi janye - da Tsar igwa, wani aiki na gwaninta da kuma girman kai na Rasha smelters. Kowa ya sani cewa, duk da m kamalar kisa, shi ne mai babbar na'urar taba kora. Akwai sauran misalai na makamai, mamakin da babban size amma yana da dubious m darajar. Daya iya zama wani atomic turmi 2B1 "Oka". A bambanci ga Tsar igwa, shi aka yi amfani da manufar da aka nufa ba, amma kawai a landfill.

Manyan bindigogi da kuma megalomania

Babbar manyan bindigogi bindigogi sun al'ada kasance cikin "kamu da wani ra'ayi" na Jamus mallaka. A watan Maris 1917, da Wehrmacht bamai Paris, ta amfani manyan-zamo dogon zangon bindigogi. The mazaunan wurin Madawwami City ba zata irin wannan hare-hare, da gaban line ya da nisa. Faransa, bi da bi, gina su babbar bindigogi, da kuma a cikin shekaru 30 da shigar da su a kan tsaron gida Maginot Line. Jamusawa kama su a farkon yakin duniya na II da kuma na dogon lokaci (da lalacewa) aka gwada kofuna da dama. Aiki a kan ci gaban kayayyakin aiki, na iya haihuwa nauyi harsasai for 100 kilomita ko fiye, sanya a Biritaniya, da kuma Tarayyar Soviet. The sakamako daga cikin aikace-aikace na wadannan dodanni ya yi a ba zama haka muhimmanci. Imbin cajin binne a ƙasa a bugu da kuma fashe a karkashin ta kauri ba tare da haddasa yawa lalacewa. A halin da ake ciki canza bayan bayyanar da makaman nukiliya.

Me ya sa muke bukatar makaman nukiliya rokoki a cikin sarari shekaru?

Masana kimiyyar da suka yi aiki a kan atomic bam, babban kalubale a can farko na gudanar da bincike. A cajin da ake bukata a busa up, ko yadda za a tabbatar da tasiri na sabon makamai? Amma a nan a cikin Nevada hamada farko "naman kaza" ya tashi a cikin ƙasar, kuma ya zo da tambaya tashi na yadda za a saki gagarumin cikakken ikon sarkar nukiliya dauki a abokan hamayyarsu kai. A farko samfurori da aka quite nauyi, kuma shi ya dauki lokaci mai tsawo don rage nauyi zuwa m dabi'u. "Fat" ko "baby" iya gudanar da kamfanin "Boeing" dabarun m B-29. A cikin shekaru 50 da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi wani iko da makami mai linzami bayarwa yana nufin samuwa, duk da haka, mai tsanani drawback. IDB tabbas zai halakar hari a cikin mafi iko da kuma babban abokin gaba, Amurka, musamman ma ganin cikakken rashi a lokacin da anti-makami mai linzami dukiya. Amma da mamayewa na tsokana a iya shirya a Yammacin Turai, yayin da dabarun ballistic makamai masu linzami, akwai iyaka a kan m radius. Kuma yaƙi theorists juya su da hankali ga mutane da yawa ga alama m manyan bindigogi.

American himma da kuma Soviet martani

Tarayyar Soviet ya ba da Mafarin manyan bindigogi da makamai tseren, shi ya fara Amirkawa. A cikin bazara na shekarar 1953, a Nevada landfill Faransa Filato farko T-131 gun harbi da aka kora, da nesa cewa aika makamin nukiliya zamo kamar 280 mm. dako jirgin dade 25 seconds. Works on wannan mu'ujiza da fasaha sun riga 'yan shekaru, kuma ta haka ne, da Soviet mayar da martani ga Amurka himma iya a yi la'akari m. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1955, Tarayyar Soviet majalisar ministocin kasar da ya ɓullo da wani ƙuduri (m), bisa ga abin da Kirov Shuka kuma Kolomna Machine-Building SKB umurci don ƙirƙirar biyu samfurori da manyan bindigogi da makaman: bindigogi (wanda samu a sakaye suna "capacitor-2P") da kuma turmi 2B1 "Oka". A backlog yi a rinjãye su.

The sharuddan tunani na musamman rikitaccen

Weight na nukiliya cajin da ya rage high. Kafin zane tawagar jagorancin CSC BI Shavyrina da mai wuya aiki: don ƙirƙirar wani turmi m zashvyrnut jiki jiki nauyi na 750 kg a nesa na har zuwa 45 kilomita. Akwai kuma takamaimai sigogi, ko da yake ba kamar yadda stringent kamar yadda for harbe-harben projectiles ayukan iska mai ƙarfi. A gun ya zuwa mallaka a wasu AMINCI, tabbatar da rashin wani yawan Shots, ko da a cikin yanayi na nukiliya yaki (albeit iyakance), shi lalle ba zai wuce daya-lambobi lambobi. Motsi - wani m yanayin, da keken gun abokan gaba bayan da yaki ya fara kusan tabbas halaka. Shasi kula zama factory ma'aikata, Kirov ma'aikata daga Leningrad. Gaskiyar cewa turmi 2B1 "Oka" zai zama babbar, ya bayyana nan da nan, ko kafin a fara ta zane.

shasi

Kirov Shuka da wani arziki kwarewa na gina musamman crawler shasi, amma kiyasta shigarwa zabin, wanda ya kafa wannan lokaci, ya yi fiye da ikon yinsa, daga duk yiwu mini ne. Duk da haka, designers da aiki, in general, sun jimre. A mafi yawan iko a lokacin IP-tanki 5 (kuma aka sani da IP-10 da kuma T-10) aiki a matsayin wata "bayarwa", ba "ƙi 273" powerplant, zuciyar wanda aka turbocharged dizal B 12-6B damar 750 lita. wani. Tare da irin wannan kaya ko da wannan nauyi wajibi engine aka iyakance sabis rayuwa, da samar da wani ajiye na kawai 200 km (karauka). Duk da haka, musamman ikon da aka babba, kowane ton inji saita a tashin kusan 12 "dawakai" cewa ba ka damar ci gaba a daidai m ci gaba, albeit a taƙaice. Domin 2B1 "Oka" da "Capacitor-2P" bogies tsara uniform, ba kawai saboda amfanin standardization, amma kuma da cewa babu abin da ke more iko don ƙirƙirar a lokacin shi ne kawai zai yiwu ba. Road ƙafafun sanye take da mutum torsion katako dampers.

420 mm turmi 2B1 "Oka", kuma asallanta

A akwati yana da wani m size. A loading aka za'ayi da breech, a ashirin mita tsawon daban-daban hanyar da aka unacceptable. All na'urorin don fansa recoil makamashi baya amfani ko ga superheavy bindigogi a cikin wannan yanayin na da matukar iyaka amfani. Atomic 420 mm turmi 2B1 "Oka" yana da wani akwati slicing, ta kudi kai 12 akai-akai a kowace awa, wanda wannan zamo gun ne mai matukar kyau nuna alama. Babban damper rollback bauta sosai jikin na'ura, sloths da sauran shasi aka gyara.

zanga-zanga

A cikin watan Maris a fadin babbar inji shi ne kawai mutum daya - da direba. Wani shida, ciki har da kwamandan na lissafi, bi turmi 2B1 "Oka", a wani sulke abin hawa ko wasu hawa. A farati girmama na tunawa da juyin juya halin Oktoba a shekarar 1957, da mota, bayan ya isa ana shige duk gwaje-gwaje. A cikin shakka daga su saukar da yawa zane flaws, ya ga ya fi din. Kafin mamaki Wakilanmu na waje jaridu da mujallu majestically grated kai-propelled turmi 2B1 "Oka", da kuma sanarwa nishadi ko fara'a sanar a fili game da fama aiki na cyclopean dodo. Ba dukan soja masana ĩmãni da gaskiya wakilta misali, ko da ra'ayin busa cewa yana da wani Sham. Sauran manazarta yi ĩmãni da karaya yanayin wannan kayan aiki da kuma readily tsince a saba song game da Soviet soja barazana. Kuma suka yi sun kasance a nasu dama. 420-mm kai-propelled turmi 2B1 "Oka" akwai quite real, kuma ko da ya sa da yawa daga gwajin Shots. Wani tambaya alaka ta karko da kuma ainihin shiri.

sakamakon

55-ton inji cewa zai iya rike ba kowane gada, kawai shekaru uku bayan da zanga-zanga a kan Red Square an cire daga sabis. Kokarin kammala hudu prototypes turmi 2B1 "Oka" da aka katse a shekarar 1960 saboda dalilai biyu. Na farko, da shasi aka gyara an ba su kiyaye wasu batattun sifofi lodi ci karo a lokacin recoil Firaministan dukan inji for mita biyar da baya, da kuma duk da matakan karfafa su ba su ba da sakamakon. A iyaka na daidaici gami ƙarfi ne har yanzu akwai. Abu na biyu, a lokacin akwai dabara makami mai linzami dako sun fi kyau yi da kyau kwarai maneuverability. Kamar yadda ka sani, da roka daukan kashe ba tare da samu, saboda haka, da bukatar a kan ta gabatarwa fiye da fadin. Akwai wani factor cewa rinjayi makoman wannan musamman kayan aiki. Atomic 420-mm turmi 2B1 "Oka" costing da kasafin kudin ne tsada sosai, kuma ya karewa ne ƙwarai, m al'amurra. Duk da wannan gudummawar da gaskiya cewa mota daga category na ci-gaba da makamai na yaki fadi a cikin wani yawan gidan kayan gargajiya farfado, ƙara wa jerin soja curiosities.