International yarjejeniyar a kan kariya daga yanayi: misalai

Back a 1902, a Paris a karon farko shi saki da dokar game da kariya daga fauna - wani taron cewa kayyade da kariya daga tsuntsãye, a yi amfani da aikin noma. Muhalli al'amurran da suka shafi ne yanzu musamman m a rayuwarmu. Amma matsalar ta wanzu na dogon lokaci. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa al'ummai sun yanke shawarar samun tare da haifar da kasa da kasa da yarjejeniyar a kan kariya daga yanayi. Ka ba da misalai na wasu daga cikinsu muke so a cikin wannan labarin.

Ramsar Yarjejeniyar

Manufar wannan yarjejeniya ne shari'a kariya na yanayi, kazalika da adana duniya tamu wetland albarkatu. A cikin tsarin kasa da kasa da muhalli da yarjejeniyar da aka soma a shekara ta 1971. Wannan ya faru a cikin Iran birnin Ramsar. Yarjejeniyar bayyana abubuwa kamar kowace kasa da shan kashi a shi, kuma kasa da kasa na kwamitin iya taimaka kare mazaunan wetland yanayi:

• Mun kafa na kasa da kare wetland a kowace kasa.
• The amincewa da su gargajiya da al'adu muhimmanci.
• Promotion na yau da kullum da ayyukan kula da ruwa quality, kiwon kifi, aikin noma da kuma hutu.
• Inganta jama'a hannu a cikin kiyayewa.
• Ƙarfafa ilmi da inganta ilimi a fagen wetland albarkatu.

Members na Yarjejeniyar ci gaba saduwa a kai a kai a cikin kasashe daban-daban domin bita da kuma fadada hanya kariya matakan. A shekarar 1987, Kanad birnin Regina (Saskatchewan) aka gyara.

Legal tsari na jinsunan

An yarjejeniya a kan tabbatarwa da nazarin halittu bambancin da aka soma a Rio de Janeiro, 5 ga watan Yuni, 1992 Wannan sulhu da yarjejeniya daukawa 'yan asali a raga da cewa tafi a sauran kasashen duniya muhalli yarjejeniyar. Misalan wadannan dalilai:

• kiyayewa daga nazarin halittu bambancin;
• sabunta yin amfani da aka gyara.
• adalci da kuma adalci sharing amfanin tasowa daga yin amfani da kwayoyin albarkatu.

A wasu kalmomin, da abu na yarjejeniya ne wajen samar da kasa da dabarun da adana da kuma dace na amfani da nazarin halittu bambancin. Wannan al'ada kuma hada a duniya muhalli yarjejeniyar, misalai na abin da suke a cikin labarin. 2010 da aka ayyana da International Year of Biodiversity.

Helsinki Yarjejeniyar

A Helsinki Yarjejeniyar da aka soma domin kariya daga marine yanayi a cikin Baltic Sea. A farko na kasa da kasa yarjejeniya a kan kariya daga yanayi a cikin ta tsarin da aka sa hannu a shekarar 1974 da kasashe irin su Denmark, Finland, West da gabashin Jamus, Poland, Sweden da kuma Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma ya zama tasiri May 3, 1980 da na biyu al'ada aka sanya hannu a shekarar 1992 Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Tarayyar Turai, Finland, Jamus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Rasha da kuma Sweden. Halartar kasashe, ya dauko na duniya yarjejeniya a kan kariya daga yanayi, sun aikata su, don shirya duk matakan da suka dace domin hana da kuma rage gurbatawa domin taimakawa a sabuntawa na muhalli ma'auni na Baltic Sea. Har ila yau, wani sa na matakan hana ko rage girman mai lalacewa sa ga yanayi na hatsari.

kwayoyin pollutants

Yarjejeniyar da aka sanya hannu da su a 2001, a Stockholm, da kuma shiga da karfi a cikin May 2004. Its manufarsa shine don kawar da ko rage samar da wadannan pollutants. Key maki na Hukumar Kare Muhalli da yarjejeniyar hada da bukatun ga raya ƙasashe don samar da ƙarin kudi da albarkatun da kuma matakan da ya kawar da samarwa da kuma amfani da ganganci samar baba, kuma kawar da niyya samar baba, inda m, kuma dace sharar gida dashi.

Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a kan Sauyin Yanayi (UNFCCC)

A yarjejeniyar, wanda aka sanya hannu da kan kasashe 180, da aka sanya a cikin "Earth taron koli" a shekarar 1992 a Rio de Janeiro, kuma ya zo a cikin karfi a ranar 21 ga Maris 1994. A Tsarin Yarjejeniyar - shi ne na duniya muhalli alkawari (a halin yanzu shi ne kawai kasa da kasa yarjejeniya da manufofin sauyin yanayi tare da m halaccinta), wanda aka tattauna a cikin United Nations Conference on muhalli da kuma ci gaba Organization (UNCED). Its manufa shi ne ya kafa barga matakin na greenhouse gas da zai hana m anthropogenic tsangwama tare da sauyin yanayi tsarin. A yarjejeniyar da kanta ba saita m iyaka a kan greenhouse gas watsi ga mutum al'ummai kuma dauke da wani tilasta sunadaran. A doka sharuddan, da al'ada ba a dauke m. Maimakon haka, yarjejeniyar samar da tsarin ga halittar musamman daftarin aiki da ya ƙunshi takamaiman kasa da kasa da yarjejeniyar a kan kariya daga yanayi (da ake kira ladabi), tare da abin da za ka iya saita m iyaka a kan greenhouse gas watsi.

A Kyoto layinhantsaki ga UNFCCC

Bayan shiga cikin UNFCCC-kasashe mambobin kungiyar suka taru domin wani taro domin tattauna yadda za a cimma manufofin da kwangila. Bugu da ari tattaunawa kai ga halittar Kyoto layinhantsaki. Ya kuma hada a duniya yarjejeniyar a kan kariya daga muhalli da kuma buga watsi rage hari ga raya ƙasashe, wanda ake dauri a karkashin dokokin kasa da kasa.

A Halittu Makamai Yarjejeniyar (BWC)

Da shi shi ne na farko da sulhu da kwance damarar yaki da yarjejeniya don ban da samar da wani dukan category da makamai. Yarjejeniyar ne sakamakon dogon aiki na gamayyar kasa da kasa don ƙirƙirar sabon daftarin aiki, wanda za a iya supplemented da 1925 Geneva layinhantsaki (wanda, bi da bi, ya haramta kawai amfani amma ba mallaka na sinadaran da nazarin halittu makamai da su yaduwa). BWC aikin gabatar da Birtaniya, aka sanya hannu a kan 10 Afrilu 1972 da kuma shiga da karfi a kan Maris 26, 1975 Yana bukatar 172 na Jihar jam'iyyar kamar yadda na Disamba 2014 don hana ci gaban, samarwa da kuma tara na nazarin halittu da kuma toxin makamai. Duk da haka, babu wani tabbaci m gwamnatin takaita da tasiri na Yarjejeniyar. A takaice game da abinda ke ciki na wannan yarjejeniya, za mu iya ce da wadannan:

1. Ba, a karkashin wani yanayi, don saya ko riƙe nazarin halittu makamai.
2. Halaka, ko kuma juye zuwa lumana dalilai nazarin halittu makamai da kuma hade albarkatun da su.
3. Canja wuri zuwa kowa nazarin halittu makamai, ba su taimaka a da saye da kuma tsare.
4. Don dauki wani kasa matakan da zama dole a aiwatar da tanade-tanaden da BWC domestically.
5. Shawarci bilaterally da multilaterally a kan al'amurran da suka shafi alaka da aiwatar da BWC.
6. Ƙirƙiri buƙatun a kwamitin sulhu na MDD don gudanar da bincike zargin take hakki na Yarjejeniyar da kuma girmama ta m yanke shawara.
7. Taya States, miyagun a sakamakon take hakkin Halittu Makamai Yarjejeniyar.
8. Make kowane kokarin inganta zaman lafiya bukãtõci na nazarin halittu kimiyya da fasaha.

A yarjejeniyar a kan kariya daga migratory tsuntsaye a 1918

Wannan daftarin aiki kuma hada a duniya muhalli yarjejeniyar. Bisa ga shatan, sai ta bayyana cewa ba bisa doka ba dama, farauta, kama kifi, kamawa, inda suka kashe ko sayar da tsuntsaye kunshe a shi (migratory tsuntsaye). The Yarjejeniya ba saka bambanci tsakanin rayayyu da matattu tsuntsaye, amma kuma kara da gashinsa, qwai da kuma sheƙarsu. A jerin kan 800 rubuta jinsunan.

Buga (shafukan)

Buga - wani al'ada, ya sa hannu a shekarar 1973, a Birnin Washington da kuma shiga da karfi a kan 1 Yuli 1975 a kan sayar da daji Flora da fauna, wanda yanzu a karkashin barazana da nau'i nau'i. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma da kuma mafi tsufa na kulla yarjejeniyar a tarihi. Wannan kasa da kasa al'ada shirya da ke zaune a yanki kasuwanci a wasu jinsunan dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke. musamman lasisi tsarin da aka ɓullo da, wadda iko duka shigo, fitarwa da kuma sake-fitarwa. Kowane jam'iyyar zuwa Yarjejeniyar ne don ƙirƙirar guda jiki (ko fiye) iko, wanda zai zama da alhakin gudanar da lasisi tsarin, kazalika da a kalla daya kimiyya jiki ga shawara a kan tasiri na cinikayya a kan takamaiman jinsunan dabbobi ko shuka rayuwa. A karkashin kariya da Sites- ne game da 5,000 jinsunan dabbobi da 29,000 jinsunan shuke-shuke. Kowace daga cikinsu za a iya samu a cikin Annex ga Convention, kazalika da mataki na barazana da iyaka da ciniki.

International yarjejeniyar a kan kariya daga yanayi a Rasha

A kasar mu, muna shan da matakan kiyaye muhalli sikẽli. Rasha, kamar sauran kasashe, rayayye goyan bayan kasa da kasa da muhalli da yarjejeniyar. Ka ba da misalai ne da wadannan: 1979 - Yarjejeniyar a kan iska (giciye-iyakar), 1992 - Yarjejeniyar, wanda kare daga gurbatawa na Black Sea, tun daga shekarar 2011 - game Organic gur ~, da kuma waɗansu da yawa.