Sassalar - ne hanya zuwa ga ilimi da HALITTAR

Ba tare da sanin da babu wata hanya a nan gaba. Famous kuma yau da kullum amfani da wani lokaci da aka yi amfani a cikin zamani adabi - sassalar - wani tari na iyali itãciya, kuma bincika su da kakanninsu. A gaskiya ma, abubuwa ne ba haka sauki. Sassalar - wannan rukunan tare da dokoki da hukunce-hukuncen, waxanda suke da quite wuya ga layman sani.

wasu terminology

Sassalar - wani karin tarihi da horo, da nufin - nazarin asalin haihuwa da kuma dangantakar dake tsakanin su. Tari na da kakanninmu iyali tarihi - shi ne ma daya daga cikin ayyuka na asalinsu. Yana zo daga kalmar Helenanci genealogia, wanda aka kafa ta da kalmomin "haihuwa", "irin" da kuma "kalma." Sassalar - shi ne ba kawai kunkuntar-jawo bishiyar iyali, amma kuma bincike na tarihi da kuma al'adu cin gaban wani rukunin.

Ayyuka da kuma batun

Sassalar matsalar a matsayin kimiyya - wani bincike na wuri da kuma muhimmancin wannan ko da irin a cikin tarihi, da definition da al'adu yanayi na kungiyoyin na mutane a cikin tarihi lokaci, da ganewa na genetically gyarawa dokokin, da hukuncin sauran anthropological, ethnographic da alƙaluma da kalubale. A batu na kimiyya da sassalar - labaru na mutum iyalai da kuma danginsu (ciki har da shugabanni da boyars).

A kadan tarihi

Tarihi m asalinsu fara a Rasha a cikin XI karni da asalinsu kiyaye su a cikin tarihin. Dauke sassalar bayanai yafi game da iyalan boyars da kuma barorinsa, wanda ga al'ummomi sun bauta musu. Tun da XVI karni pedigrees management zama na din-din-din, da kuma kaya da aka gudanar kawai namiji zuriya. Daga baya a cikin pedigrees da aka shigar da matarsa a matsayin magada daga mãkirci kuma dukiya kan daidai-akai tare da yara. Peter kafa Geroldmejstersky ofishin, wanda ake gyarawa da kuma kiyaye asali takardun na asali daga cikin iyalan da nobility. Tun wannan lokacin, da pedigree samu darajar a matsayin nuna alama daga cikin gata irin.

Kimiyya sassalar XIX-XX ƙarni

Idan muka yi la'akari da batun labarin a matsayin kimiyya horo, yana da daraja ambaton masana kimiyya, wanda shi gare ta ci gaba. A ƙarshen XIX da farkon karni XX sassalar - a labarinsa gabatar da ayyukan Feofana Prokopovicha "pedigree fentin grand sarakuna, da tsars na Rasha" (1719), littafin M. M. Scherbatova, A. E. Knyazeva da sauransu. Tun 1797 an buga Armorial Janar, da kuma a 1855 ya buga edition prince P. V. Dolgorukogo "Rasha sassalar littafin" da kuma wani littafin da AB Lobanov-Rostovsky da V. V. Rummelya karin bayani wannan ɗaba'ar. Bayan da 1917 juyin juya halin a Rasha sassalar da aka manta, kuma kawai a cikin marigayi 90s na karshe karni da amfani a pedigree fara girma.

DNA sassalar

Kwayoyin halittar jini, a yau ma kira sassalar bincike dangane da wani bincike na cikin tsarin da DNA, a cikin za'a fadada ma'ana an karatu da kuma nazarin da muhimmancin jari na maye gurbi a cikin mutum DNA. Kalmar "DNA sassalar" ya zama tartsatsi a cikin 1992, a lokacin da mai aiki binciken kwayoyin halittar jini na mitochondrial DNA. An wannan DNA daga uwa zuwa yaro a wani canzawa tsari, da kuma bincike na masu kuzarin kawo cikas na maye gurbi a hade tare da fasali na tsari, zai iya samar da bayanai game da dangantakar da dukan mazaunan duniya da kuma na kowa asalin jinsunan mutane. A ka'idar guda "uwar Hauwa'u" ya samu babba da hankali a cikin shekaru goma, kuma yana dogara ne a kan nazarin tsarin da mitochondrial DNA daga cikin mazaunan sassa daban daban na duniya.

Interest a asallanta, kuma asalin HALITTAR ya muhimmi a cikin mutum ko da yaushe. A lokacin wani lokaci, wato asalin HALITTAR, da labarinsa da ya haruffa m da matsayi a al'umma na mutum da na ga wani musamman aji kungiyar. Yau, an kara yawan Russia da sha'awar a cikin asalin haihuwarsa da labaru na kakanninsu. Kuma ko da yake wannan ilimi ba shi da hukunci ga mutum a cikin al'umma, amma da suka samar da wani fahimtar asalin kuma ku bauta a matsayin tushen girman kai.