Rayuwa da Works of Bach

Daga cikin karni na 19th kuma har wa yau ba abate sha'awa a cikin ayyukan Ioganna Sebastyana Bach. Creativity yarda da juna, baiwa rinjayar da size. A mafi girma mawaki da aka sani a duk faɗin duniya. Sunansa da aka sani ba kawai ta kwararru da kuma music masoya, amma kuma ga daliban da suka nuna kadan ban sha'awa a cikin "tsanani" art. A daya hannun, Bach ne a wani sakamakon. A mawaki kusantar da a kan kwarewa da magabata. Ya san choral polyphony na Renaissance, da Jamus zata music, musamman Italian-style goge. Ya sosai matsahi na saba da sabon abu, ɓullo da kowa yana da kwarewa. A daya hannun, Bach ya ƙulla niyyar bidi'a, wanda ya iya bude sabon up yiwuwa ga ci gaban duniya music. Creativity Ioganna Baha yana da babban tasiri a kan mabiyansa: Brahms, Beethoven, Wagner, Glinka, Taneyev, Honegger, Shostakovich da kuma wasu masu girma composers.

The m gãdon Bach

Ya halitta fiye da 1,000 ayyukansu. Nau'o'i to wanda ya jawabi su ne mafi bambancin. Bugu da ƙari, akwai irin ayyukan, sikelin da wanda suke kwarai ga lokaci. Bach ta aiki za a iya raba hudu main kungiyoyin na Genre:

• Organ music.
• Vocal da instrumental.
• Music for daban-daban kayan (goge, da sarewa, da piano da sauransu).
• Music for instrumental was.

Qagaggun na kowane na sama kungiyoyin koma zuwa wani takamaiman lokaci. A Weimar da shi aka hada mafi shahararren Gabar qagaggun. Ketensky lokaci kiwon babban yawan keyboard da kuma orchestral ayyukansu. A Leipzig, an rubuta mafi vocal da instrumental.

Johann Sebastian Bach. Biography da kuma aikin

Birthplace na mawaki a 1685 a cikin karamin gari na Eisenach, a wani m iyali. Domin duk shi ne a irin na gargajiya fasahohin. A farko malamin music of Johann ya mahaifinsa. Yaron da murya mai ƙarfi da kuma rera waka a cikin mawaka. A 9 shekaru haihuwa ya kasance wani maraya. Bayan rasuwar iyayen suka shigo Iogann Kristof (yayana). A shekaru 15, da yaron sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare tare da karrama Ordrufsky da kuma mayar da su Lüneburg, inda ya fara raira waƙa a cikin mawaka na "zabo." Domin shekaru 17 ya koya yi wasa da daban-daban kida: Viola, harpsichord, sashin jiki, goge. Daga 1703 yake zaune ya daban-daban a biranen: Arnstadt, Weimar, Mühlhausen. Rayuwa da Works of Bach a cikin wannan lokaci su na cike da wasu rikitarwa. Ya ne kullum canja wurin zama saboda rashin so ga jin dogara a kan wadanda ko wasu ma'aikata. Yana aiki a matsayin wani mawaki (kamar organist ko violin). A yanayin aiki na da kullum ba gamsu. A wannan lokaci akwai farko da qagaggun for piano da sashin jiki, kazalika da m cantata.

Weimar lokaci

Tun 1708 Bach farawa zuwa bauta a matsayin kotun organist a Weimar shugaba. Layi daya aiki a cikin ɗakin sujada jam'iyya makadi. Rayuwa da Works of Bach a cikin wannan lokaci ne mai dausayi. Shi ne a lokacin farko da compositional balaga. Akwai mafi kyau Gabar ayyukansu. Su ne:

• Malamai Ma'abuta Jihadi, da kuma Fugue a c-moll, a-moll.
• Toccata C-dur.
• Passacaglia c-moll.
• Toccata da Fugue a d-moll.
• "Organ littafin."

Johann Sebastian lokaci guda aiki a kan ayyukansu a cikin cantata Genre na transcriptions for harpsichord Italian goge kide. Da farko kõma zuwa ga Genre na solo goge sonatas da babban dakuna.

Ketensky lokaci

Tun 1717 da mawaki zauna a Köthen. Ga shi daukan wani babban matakin-post na shugaban jam'iyya music. Ya, a gaskiya, an manajan dukan m rayuwa a kotu. Amma da yake ba su gamsu da ma kadan gari. Bach aka aikata su matsa zuwa wani ya fi girma birni da kuma alamar ba 'ya'yansu da damar je jami'a da kuma samun mai kyau ilimi. A Köthen wani ingancin jiki da aka rasa da mawaka. Saboda haka, akwai tasowa clavier Bach. Mawaki kuma yana biya yawa da hankali ga gungu music. Works rubuta a Köthen:

• Volume 1 "To zafin Clavier".
• Turanci Suite.
• Sonatas ga solo goge.
• Faransa Suites.
• "Brandenburg Concertos" (shida guda).
• "Chromatic Fantasia da Fugue".

Leipzig da kuma lokacin da na karshe shekaru ransa

Tun 1723 da Maestro rayukansu a Leipzig, inda ya nufa da mawaka (aiki a matsayin cantor) a cikin makaranta a Church of St. Thomas a Tomasshule. Yana daukan wani aiki sashi a cikin zaman jama'a da'irar music masoya. "College" na gari kullum runduna kide na wadanda mutane music. Abin da Masterpieces a lokacin bayansa da Bach? A takaice daraja nuna manyan ayyukan da Leipzig lokaci, wanda zai iya da gaskiya da za a dauke mafi kyau. Su ne:

• "St. John Passion".
• Mass h-moll.
• "St. Matta Passion".
• Game da 300 cantatas.
• "Kirsimeti Oratorio".

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, rai na mawaki mayar da hankali a kan qagaggun waqoqi. Ya rubuta cewa:

• Volume 2 "To zafin Clavier".
• Italian Concerto.
• Partita.
• "Art na Fugue."
• Aria tare da daban-daban bambancin.
• Organ Mass.
• "Musical Hadaya".

Bayan wani m aiki Bach tafi makafi, amma bai tsaya rubutu music har mutuwarsa.

halayyar style

Style Bach aka kafa a kan tushen da daban-daban music makarantu da nau'o'i. Johann Sebastian organically saka a cikin ayyukansu mafi kyau harmonies. Domin fahimtar m harshen Italiyanci da kuma Faransa composers, ya rewrote su qagaggun. HalittarSa kasance cike da lyrics, rhythms da kuma siffofin Faransa da Italiyanci music, Arewa Jamus contrapuntal style, kazalika da Lutheran ibadar. Kira na da dama styles da nau'o'i daidaituwa a hade tare da zurfin shrill adam abubuwan. Ya m tunani tsaya fita musamman bambancinsa, versatility da kuma wasu cosmic. Bach Creativity tana nufin wani style cewa an daidaita a cikin art na music. Wannan high Baroque classicism. Domin Bach ta m style ne halin da hurumin m melodic tsarin, inda da kiša ke mamaye da babban ra'ayin. Saboda rinjãye counterpoint art iya mu'amala a lokaci guda dama karin waƙa. A Jamus mawaki ya mai gaskiya master of polyphony. Yana da muhimmi hali ya improvise kuma m virtuosity.

Babban nau'o'i

Bach kerawa hada daban-daban na al'ada nau'o'i. Su ne:

• Cantatas da oratorios.
• Passion da Mass.
• Preludes da Fugues.
• Choral aiki.
• Dance Suite kuma kide.

Hakika, da aka jera a nau'o'i da ya ara daga magabata. Duk da haka, ya ba su mai fadi da ikon yinsa. Maestro hikima ya sabunta su tare da sabon m da ma'ana wajen, ya wadãtar da siffofin wasu nau'o'i. A Firayim misali ne "Chromatic Fantasia a D qananan." Artwork halitta da clavier, amma ya ƙunshi ban mamaki karatun Theatrical asalin da ma'ana Properties na manyan sashin jiki improvisations. Yana da sauki lura cewa Bach ta aikin "kare" da wasan kwaikwayo, wanda, ba zato ba tsammani, ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan nau'o'i na zamaninsa. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa mutane da yawa wadanda mutane cantata mawaki ta yi wuya a bambanta daga comedic interludes (a wannan lokaci a Italiya suna sake halitta a cikin wasan opera buffa). Wasu daga Bach cantatas, halitta a cikin ruhun da witty Genre al'amuran, tsammani da Jamusanci Singspiel.

A akida abun ciki da kuma cikin kewayon images Ioganna Sebastyana Bach

da mawaki ta kerawa ne mai arziki a cikin alama da abun ciki. Daga cikin alkalami daga cikin master matsayin wani musamman sauki da kuma musamman grand halittar. Bach Art ƙunshi sauki ci mutumci da kuma babban bakin ciki, da kuma falsafa tunani da kuma m ban mamaki. Genius Johann Sebastian a music ya nuna irin gagarumin al'amurran da ya zamanin, a matsayin addini da kuma falsafa matsaloli. Da taimakon m sauti na duniya, ya nuna a kan madawwami da muhimmanci sosai tambayoyi na 'yan Adam rayuwa:

• Game da halin kirki wajibi mutum.
• Game da rawar da ya taka a cikin wannan duniya da kuma manufa.
• A rayuwa da mutuwa.

Wadannan tunani an kai tsaye alaka da addini batutuwa. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane. Mawaki kusan duk rayuwarsa bauta a coci, don haka mafi yawan music ga ta kuma rubuta. A lokaci guda, shi mumini ne, ya san Littattafai. Ya dan littafi da aka rubuta Littafi Mai Tsarki a harsuna biyu (Latin kuma Jamus). Ya rike posts ikirari, kiyaye tsarki kwanaki. A 'yan kwanaki kafin mutuwarsa, ya dauki tarayya. Babban gwarzo na mawaki ne Iisus Hristos. Wannan manufa image na Bach gan rungumi mafi kyau halaye na mutum, da tsarki na zuciya, ƙarfin ruhu, biyayya ga zaba hanya. Hadaya hali Yesu Almasihu, domin ceton 'yan adam ya ga Bach ta sadarin. A cikin aikin da mawaki, da topic shi ne mafi muhimmanci.

A symbolism na Bach

A Baroque lokaci akwai wani m symbolism. Ta hanyar shi ya bayyana a wani hadadden da kuma ban mamaki duniya na mawaki. Bach ta music aka sani da Sahaban matsayin m da kuma bayyana jawabin. Wannan shi ne saboda kasancewar a cikinta, daga barga melodic jũya, ya nuna wasu motsin zuciyarmu da kuma ra'ayoyin. Irin wannan sauti dabarbari ake kira m-rhetorical Figures. Wasu shige shafi wasu kamantuwa da irin murya na mutum magana, wasu sa da wurin hutawa hali. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:

• anabasis - hawa.
• circulatio - juyawa.
• catabasis - saukarsa;
• exclamatio - motsin rai, tanã fita shida.
• fuga - a guje.
• passus duriusculus - Chromatic Hakika, amfani ga magana wahala ko baƙin ciki,
• suspiratio - hargowa.
• tirata - albarku.

A hankali m rhetorical Figures ne wani nau'i ne na "ãyõyi" na wasu Concepts da kuma juyayinsu. Alal misali, na sauko adadi catabasis sau da yawa amfani a aika da baƙin ciki, bakin ciki, da baƙin ciki, mutuwa, da halin da ake ciki a cikin kabari. A hankali a hankali zuwa gaba motsi (anabasis) aka yi amfani da magana da hawan Yesu zuwa sama, da darajar ruhu da kuma sauran abubuwa. Motifs, haruffa an lura a duk ayyukan da mawaki. A Bach ayyukan mamaye da Protestant chorale, ga abin da Maestro yi magana cikin ransa. Ya kuma yana da wata alama ma'anar. Aiki tare da fadin aka za'ayi a cikin wani iri-iri na nau'o'i - cantatas, Passion, preludes. Saboda haka, quite Azancin, cewa Protestant chorale ne wani ɓangare daga Bach ta m harshe. Daga cikin muhimmanci haruffa samu a cikin music na artists, ya kamata a lura barga haduwa da sauti da cewa suna da m dabi'u. A Bach ayyukan mamaye da alama ta giciye. Ya kunshi hudu daban-daban kwatance na music. Abin lura shi ne cewa idan decrypt mawaki sunan (Bach) rubutu, sa'an nan mai hoto zane na daya. B - Flat B, A - A, C - to, H - B. A babban taimako ga ci gaban da music of Bach haruffa da masu bincike kamar F. Busoni, A. Schweitzer, M. Yudin, B. Jaworski da sauransu.

"Na biyu haihuwa"

A lokacin da rayuwar Sebastian Bach aka ba gõdadde. Ya Sahaban san shi fiye da matsayin organist maimakon da mawaki. A da shi aka rubuta guda tsanani littafin. kawai 'yan aka buga na babban yawan ayyukansa. Bayan mutuwar mawaki sunan da aka manta, kuma tsira da rubutun tattara ƙura a cikin archives. Zai yiwu mu yi da kyau sani ba wannan mutumin baiwa. Amma, an yi sa'a, shi bai faru ba. Fatan sha'awa cikin Bach bayyana a cikin karni na 19th. Da zarar Mendelssohn samu a library na music, "St Matta Passion", wanda ya kasance mai sha'awar. A karkashin ya management, wannan aikin nasarar da aka yi a Leipzig. Mutane da yawa sauraro kasance farin ciki tare da music har yanzu kadan-san marubucin. Za mu iya ce wannan shi ne karo na biyu da haihuwa da Johann Sebastian Bach. A 1850 (da 100th tunawa da mawaki ta mutuwa) Bach ta Society aka kafa a Leipzig. Manufar wannan kungiyar da aka littafin na Bach rubuce-rubucen samu a cikin nau'i na cikakken ayyukansu. A sakamakon haka, 46 kundin da aka tattara.

Organ Bach. summary

Organ mawaki halitta mai kyau samfurin. Wannan kayan aiki ga Bach - a real kashi. Ga ya ya iya saki gagarumin tunani, ji da motsin zuciyarmu, da kuma kawo duk wannan ga mai sauraro. Saboda haka hadewa da Lines, concert, virtuosity, ban mamaki images. Qagaggun halitta ga jiki, reminiscent na fresco zanen. Dukan su gabatar kagaggun kusa-rubucen. A share fage, Toccata da rudu lura pathetic m hotuna a cikin free, improvisational siffofin. Fougamou muhimmi a cikin wani musamman virtuosity da kuma rashin karfi ci gaba. Organ Bach watsa high shayari ya lyrics da grand sikelin da m improvisations.

A bambanci ga clavier ayyukansu, sashin jiki fugues yawa ya fi girma a cikin ikon yinsa, da kuma abun ciki. The motsi na m image da kuma ta ci gaba da daukar wuri tare da kara aiki. A tayin daga cikin kayan gabatar a cikin nau'i na yadudduka da manyan yadudduka na music, amma musamman mai hankali yanayi da babu karyewa. A akasin wannan, mamaye a ci gaba (m motsi). Kowane jumlar da aka samu daga baya tare da kara irin ƙarfin lantarki. Kamar gina da kuma karin bayanai. Wani tunanin ƙarshe tashi zuwa tsororuwar aka inganta. Bach ne na farko mawaki wanda ya bayyana dokoki symphonic ci gaba a cikin manyan siffofin instrumental sautunan music. Organ Bach kamar yadda idan da dama a cikin sandunan. A farko - a prelude, toccata, fugue, Fantasy (manyan music sake zagayowar). Na biyu - daya-kashi chorale preludes. An rubuta su musamman cikin sharuddan na jam'iyya. Sun bayyana yawanci lyrical images: m, bakin ciki da kuma sublimely contemplative. A mafi kyau ayyuka ga sashin jiki Ioganna Sebastyana Bach - Toccata da Fugue ne a D qananan, Malamai Ma'abuta Jihadi, da kuma Fugue a A qananan, da kuma wasu ayyukan.

Aiki ga Harpsichord

Lokacin rubuta songs Bach dõgara a kan kwarewa da suke a gabãninsu. Amma a nan, ya nuna kansa a wani bidi'a. Clavier Bach ne halin da sikelin, kwarai versatility, da search for wajen magana. Ya farko ji composers na versatility na wannan kayan aiki. A composing ayyukansa, ya kasance ba ji tsoro su yi gwaji da kuma aiwatar da mafi m ra'ayoyi da kuma ayyukan. Lokacin rubuta da aka shiryar da dukan duniya music. Mun gode wa m nufin Clavier ƙwarai inganta. Ya wadãtar da sabon kayan aiki virtuoso dabara da kuma canza ainihin m images.

Daga cikin ayyukan da ya ga sashin jiki highlights:

• Biyu-murya da uku-part ƙirƙirãwa.
• "English" da "Faransanci" suite.
• "Chromatic Fantasia da Fugue".
• "To zafin Clavier".

Saboda haka, Bach ta aikin burge tare da sikelin. A mawaki yadu da aka sani a ko'ina cikin duniya. Ayyukansa sa mu yi tunani da kuma yin tunãni. Sauraren ya songs, involuntarily nutsa cikin su, nuna a kan babban ma'anar, su tamkar. Nau'o'i, wanda Maestro jawabi cikin rayuwarsa, sun sosai bambancin. Wannan sashin jiki music, vocal da instrumental music for daban-daban kayan (goge, da sarewa, da piano da sauransu) da kuma ga instrumental was.