Positivism a ilimin halayyar

Positivism a ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a ne na farko da shugabanci, wanda ya ci gaba a cikin XIX karni. Its ainihi ta'allaka ne da samuwar wani sabon tsarin na ilimi game da jama'a a kan tushen da aikace-aikace na hanyoyi da dokoki na kimiyya.

Da farko positivism a ilimin halayyar zaman contrasted tare da tabbas tabbas theorizing. Yana tashi a sakamakon hakan da sauki muhawara game da jama'a, kazalika da bege na samar da wani zaman jama'a ka'idar wanda zai madaidaci daidai da ka'idar kimiyya.

Positivist ilimin halayyar zaman babban maƙasudin na horo da aka dauke su analytically da empirically, dangane da facts, bincika mamaki da ke faruwa a cikin al'umma. Kawai a cikin wannan harka da shi zai iya da'awar ya zama "m", ma'ana ikon nasarar da gaskiya ma warware matsaloli daban-daban da cewa wanzu a cikin rayuwar al'umma.

The kafa na positivist ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a ne Comte. Bisa ga Faransa zamantakewa masanin kimiyya, zamantakewa ka'idar ya zama "daidai halitta kimiyya", wanda dogara ne a kan hanyoyin kimiyya.

Comte yi imani da cewa jama'a na ilimi dole ne rigorous, dangane da abin dogara da kuma inganci facts, kamar ilmi game da yanayi. A Comte "Ruhu tabbatacce falsafa," ya rubuta game da muhimmancin "m" ambatacce. Wannan ra'ayi nufi a real ephemeral adawa, yadda ya dace - da tsafi, abin dogara - dubious, madaidaici - vaguely m - korau.

jama'a aiki dokokin da aka dauke a cikin positivism a matsayin ci gaba da halitta dokokin. Saboda haka, sai aka dauke yiwuwa a shiga cikin jigon, kuma Yanã na zamantakewa matakai da mamaki.

Wakilai positivism karatu jama'a ba kuzarin kawo cikas da kuma a tsaye kamar yadda yake a kan jama'a a matsayin tsarin da yake a cikin ma'auni da kwanciyar hankali.

Positivism a ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a da kayyade cewa ilimi na al'umma dole ne sadu da bukatun da gaskiya da kuma kimiyya, haka shi dole ne a samar da taimako da na halitta hanyoyin. Babban hanyoyin bincika a wannan kallo, da kwatanta gwajin, tarihi da kuma ilmin lissafi hanyoyin.

Positivism a ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a da aka fi fili bayyana a cikin su waƙoƙi (sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin siffofin da positivism), kamar naturalism, evolutionism, organicism. Bugu da kari a wadannan trends da lãbãri a gare positivism inji, zamantakewa Darwiniyanci, launin fata-anthropological shugabanci, Gwargwadon kaddara, da sauransu. All kwatance positivism sãɓã wa jũna a general manufa reductionist. Ma'anarta ne ga kokarin bayyana mamaki da zamantakewa da rayuwa ta fuskar guda factor, wanda kayyade (nazarin halittu, kome launin, yanayin, da dai sauransu). Wadannan igiyoyin ake kira "makarantu na daya factor."

Mai cikakken saukar da ra'ayoyi na positivism a iya aiki a matsayin shugabanci na cigaban ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a. Wannan hali yana cikin babban sociological da falsafa shugabanci na XX karni., Wanne ya ginu ne kan kafa ka'idojin ma'ana positivism. Kowane reshe na neo-koyarwa yana da wani musamman, peculiar kawai don shi musamman a filin daga cikin hanyoyin amfani.

Neo kula ga la'akari da al'amarin rayuwa, bisa dokokin general ga yanayi, da kuma ga zaman gaskiya. Wannan fili a cikin naturalistic makaranta. Scientism yafi mayar da hankali a kan yin amfani da kafofin bincike hanyoyin da kimiyyar yanayin halitta. Objectivism ayyana ta 'yanci daga darajar hukuntanka. Operationalism ma'anar zamantakewa Concepts kamar yadda na sarrafawa. Behaviorism bincika da kayadadden dalilai ta hanyar hali. Quantification nemi ya bayyana al'amarin rayuwa a gwada yawa halayyar.