Pharmacopoeia - menene wannan? Pharmacopoeia: description, tarihi, ciki

Mene ne pharmacopoeia? Idan ka fara daga nesa, to, lalle ne kowane mutum akalla sau daya faru ga likitoci sarrafa to tuna haka da yawa da kwayoyi, san su sashi, da sinadaran abun da ke ciki da kuma tsarin ba da aikin. A wannan suna ya taimaka da yawa Littattafan da compendiums, dauke da muhimman bayanai. Amma da mawallafa, bi da bi, an yi wahayi zuwa da pharmacopoeia. To, abin da yake da shi?

definition

Pharmacopeia - wani tarin hukuma takardun, wanda ya fita da matsayin da ingancin magani raw kayan, karin kayan, gama pharmaceutical kayayyakin da sauran kwayoyi amfani a magani.

Don kafa "zinariya misali" jawo hankalin masana a fagen ilmin sunadarai da pharmaceutical analysis, gudanar a da ka duniya biyu-makafi sarrafawa gwaji don gano duk abin da zai yiwu game da magani raw kayan da kuma magunguna daga shi. Aiwatar da duk nagartacce tsiraru da tabbatar da ingancin pharmaceutical kayayyakin.

Jihar Pharmacopoeia - a pharmacopoeia doka dauri da kuma wanda yake a karkashin jihar dubawa. A bukatun da shawarwari tashi a cikinta, ana dauri a kan dukkan cibiyoyin kasar, tsunduma a cikin yi, ajiya, sayarwa da kuma amfani da kwayoyi. Domin take hakkin da dokokin da aka bayyana a cikin daftarin aiki, doka ko na halitta mutum ta laifi alhaki.

A tarihin duniya pharmacopoeia

Tunani a kan kafa wani na kowa jerin kwayoyi tare da wani nuni ne na dosages da kuma daidaita nomenclature bayyana a cikin kimiyya likita al'umma a cikin marigayi karni na sha tara, a 1874. A farko taro a kan batun da aka gudanar a birnin Brussels a 1092. A da shi, masana sun zo wata yarjejeniya a kan kowa sunaye na kwayoyi, da kuma siffar su kalamai a cikin girke-girke. A cikin shekaru hudu, wannan yarjejeniya da aka ƙulla da ashirin kasashen. Wannan nasara ne masomin kara ci gaba da na pharmacopeia kuma ta ɗaba'ar. Shekaru ashirin da daga baya, a karo na biyu taro a Brussels, wanda ya samu halartar wakilan arba'in da ɗaya kasashen duniya.

Daga wannan lokacin kula game da littafin da kuma bita na pharmacopoeia ya koma zuwa ga League of Nations. A lokacin yarjejeniyar ka'idojin galenic shiri da kuma allurai 77 da kwayoyi kunshe a cikin fayyace. Bayan wani shekara goma sha biyu, a 1937, aka kafa shi ta hanyar da kwamitin masana daga Belgium, Denmark, da Faransa, Switzerland, da Amurka, da Netherlands da kuma Birtaniya suka yi familiarized da duk kayan abinci na pharmacopoeia da kuma yanke shawarar mika shi ga kasa da kasa da kayan aiki.

A yakin duniya na biyu katse aikin hukumar, amma a shekarar 1947, da masana ya kõma zuwa ga aiki. Domin da hamsin da tara shekara da hukumar da aka kira Gwani kwamitin Bayani dalla-dalla ga Pharmaceutical Shirye-shirye. A daya daga cikin WHO taron, an yanke shawarar kirkiro shirin na kasa da kasa Nonproprietary Names ga daidaituwa da kewayon magunguna.

farko edition

Pharmacopoeia - na duniya daftarin aiki, wanda ya riga ya yi hudu reprints, da kuma bayan kowane daya ta dauki a kan wani sabon abu.

A farko edition da aka amince da a na uku Duniya Majalisar WHO. Dindindin sakatariya na kasa da kasa Pharmacopoeia da aka kafa. A littafin da aka buga a 1951, da kuma shekara hudu baya aka buga na biyu girma tare da tarawa da uku na kowa Turai harsuna: Turanci, Faransanci da kuma Spain. Bayan wani gajeren lokaci akwai wallafe a Jamus da kuma Japan. A farko pharmacopoeia - wani tarin normative takardu a kan duk aka sani a lokacin shirye-shirye. wato:

• 344 articles a kan miyagun ƙwayoyi abubuwa.
• 183 articles sashi siffofin (Allunan, capsules, tinctures, mafita a ampoule).
• 84 awon Hanyar ganewar asali.

Labarai kasance a Latin, tun da shi ne guda domin dukan likita hanyar koma ga ma'aikata. Don tattara da zama dole data a kan Halittu Standardization masana da hannu, kazalika da kunkuntar kwararru a mafi wadan da hatsari cututtuka.

M bugu na kasa da kasa Pharmacopoeia

Na biyu edition bayyana a cikin 1967. Yana da aka sadaukar da ingancin iko da pharmaceutical kayayyakin. Bugu da kari, an dauke da farko edition na kwari da kuma kara 162 miyagun ƙwayoyi.

Bugu na uku da pharmacopoeia an mayar da hankali kan kasashe masu tasowa. Yana da aka sallama a cikin jerin abubuwa, wanda ake amfani da ko'ina a harkokin kiwon lafiya da kuma a lokaci guda suna da gwada low cost. Wannan edition dauke biyar kundin da aka saki a 1975. Recent canje-canje ga daftarin aiki da aka sanya a 2008 kadai. Wadannan alaka standardization na magunguna, tafiyar matakai domin su yi da kuma rarraba.

Da abinda ke ciki na pharmacopoeia

Pharmacopeia - wani littafi cewa hadawa ba kawai a kewayon kwayoyi, amma kuma jagororin domin su yi, ajiya da kuma sauran dalilai. Wannan littafin yana dauke da bayanin da sinadaran, ta jiki da kuma nazarin halittu hanyoyin da bincike na kwayoyi. Bugu da kari, shi ya ƙunshi bayanin a kan reagents da Manuniya, miyagun ƙwayoyi abubuwa da shirye-shirye.

WHO kwamitin da aka kõma har lists na guba (List A) da kuma miyagun kwayoyi (List B), kazalika da tebur na matsakaicin guda da kullum allurai da kwayoyi.

Turai Pharmacopoeia

Turai Pharmacopoeia - a normative daftarin aiki, wanda aka yi amfani a mafi kasashen Turai a samar da tsari na pharmaceutical kayayyakin kan daidai da na kasa da kasa Pharmacopoeia, ta kari kuma mayar da hankali a kan musamman magani a yankin. Wannan littafi da aka ci gaba da Turai Directorate ga Quality na Magunguna, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na majalisar Turai. Pharmacopeia yana da daban-daban daga wasu irin dokoki, na daban na takardun da aka bayar a ta ministoci. The hukuma harshe na Turai Pharmacopoeia - Faransa. Karshe, na shida, shi ne sake-saki a 2005.

kasa pharmacopoeia

Tun da International Pharmacopoeia yana da wani doka da karfi da kuma shi ne mafi wata recommendatory yanayi, wasu kasashe sun bayar da kasa pharmacopoeia for ciki tsari na al'amurran da suka shafi miyagun kwayoyi. A lokacin, yawancin kasashen da mutum littattafai. A Rasha na farko pharmacopoeia aka saki a 1778, a Latin. Rasha version kawai suka fito, zama na farko littafin na wannan irin a cikin kasa harshe a shekara ashirin.

A 1866, rabin karni daga baya, ya zo na farko na aikin Rasha Pharmacopoeia. 11th edition, na karshe a lokacin da wanzuwar Tarayyar Soviet, ya bayyana a cikin farkon nineties karni na karshe. Jawo sama, gaba da kuma sake-saki da daftarin aiki kafin kwamitin da aka neme su da pharmacopoeia, amma yanzu suna tsunduma a Ma'aikatar Lafiya, Roszdravnadzor da kuma janar kiwon lafiya inshora asusu tare da hannu na kasar ta manyan masana kimiyya.

RF Jihar Pharmacopeia 12 da kuma 13 bugu

A cikin rikon kwarya, a lokacin da jihar pharmacopoeia batun gyara, ingancin kiwon lafiya kayayyakin kayyade pharmacopoeia articles ciniki (SAF) da kuma janar pharmacopoeia articles (CFC). A cikin goma sha biyu edition na Jihar Pharmacopoeia na RF muhimmanci rinjayi da al'amari na hannu na Rasha masana a cikin aikin hukumar na Turai Pharmacopoeia. Goma sha biyu Edition kunshi biyar sassa, kowanne daga abin da ya hada da maido da ainihin matsayin da ka'idoji na yi, sayarwa ko aiki na medicaments. Wannan littafi da aka buga a wurare dabam dabam a cikin shekara ta 2009.

Shekaru shida baya, ta goma sha biyu edition da aka shirya. A karshen shekarar 2015 a kan official website na Rasha Federation Ma'aikatar Lafiya bayyana Jihar Pharmacopoeia - 13th edition. A wani lantarki version matsayin saki da aka za'ayi tare da kudi daga sayar. Saboda haka, aka yanke shawarar a majalisu matakin, a kowane kantin magani da kuma wholesale kamfanin ya zama jiha Pharmacopoeia (13th edition). Wannan ya sa da littafin samookupitsya.

Mene ne pharmacopoeial labarin?

Akwai iri biyu na pharmacopoeia articles: a kan abu da kuma ƙãre sashi form. Kowane labarin "a kan abu" yana da wani sunan a harsuna biyu: Rasha da kuma Latin, da na kasa da kasa Generic sinadaran sunan. Yana buga wani empirical da kuma tsarin dabara, kwayoyin nauyi da kuma adadin na asali addashin abu. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wani cikakken bayanin irin bayyanar miyagun ƙwayoyi ingancin iko sharudda cewa solubility a jiki ruwaye, da kuma sauran jiki da kuma sinadaran Properties. Yanayi na marufi, masana'antu, ajiya da kuma harkokin sufuri. Kazalika da ranar karewa.

Mataki na ashirin da ga cikin ƙãre sashi tsari, a Bugu da kari ga dukan sama, yana dauke da sakamakon da na asibiti da kuma awon gwaje-gwaje, da halatta iyãkõkin sabawa da nauyi, girma da kuma girman da miyagun ƙwayoyi abu, kazalika da daya-lokaci da kuma iyakar kullum dosages ga yara da kuma manya.