Penicillin damuarn da kwayoyin cuta ta ikon girma da kuma haihuwa

Wannan kayan aiki da aka gano kusan karni da suka wuce, ya kawo magani ga dukan sabon matakin. Mutane da yawa cututtuka sun zama curable bayan ta bude. Yana penicillin - na farko da kwayoyin.

Penicillin damuarn kwayoyin daga su kira, abin da ya hana a ci gaba da kuma haifuwa. The darajar da bude daga cikin wajen domin kantin magani ba za a iya overemphasized. Yau penicillin ceton rayuka. Amma da yake gaban shi buɗe? Wanda Ya sanya wannan kyauta ga bil'adama? Game da wannan labarin.

Mene ne penicillin

Penicillin damuarn ci gaban da kwayoyin da ke a sharar gida samfurin (kira) na naman gwari Penicillium. Wannan irin mold naman gwari.

Mene ne haka na musamman game da wannan abu? Ko da waɗanda suka tsallake makaranta ilmin halitta darussa, a kalla kamar wata sau da suka ji kalmar nan "kwayoyin" kuma suna iya sanin cewa wadannan kwayoyin sun biyu tabbatacce tasiri a jikin mutum (lactobacilli, bifidobacteria) da kuma raunana. Wasu kadan "dodanni" sa hatsari cututtuka: meningitis, da tarin fuka, ciwon huhu, diphtheria - kawai ta dari na su. Penicillin damuarn kwayoyin m tafiyar matakai (duba ƙasa), fiye da dakatar da haifuwa. Wannan shi ne, daga cikin irin mataki muka bayyana abu ne mai m-bakan kwayoyin.

A kadan tarihi

A 1928 (kusan shekaru da suka wuce), a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje masanin kimiyya Aleksandra Fleminga an m daidaituwa ga halitta. Kwatsam a iya aiki tare da shuka na kwayoyin samu mold. Kuma yayin da masana kimiyya mamakin abin da ya yi tare da karye gwaji tsari, ya lura da cewa kwayoyin cuta a cikin tanki da aka wani abu ba daidai ba. Kamar yadda muka riga sani, penicillin damuarn da kira a kwayoyin cuta fiye da tsayawa su haifuwa. Kyau bactericidal sakamako na mold mamaki da kuma ruxani Fleming. Wannan hatsari ya zamo farkon bincike. Amma za mu bi ta farko da kwayoyin fara kawai biyu da suka gabata.

A 1940-1941, Birtaniya masana kimiyya Howard chlorine da Ernst Sarkar sadaukar da ilmi da kuma babbar sha'awa domin samun penicillin da fara aiwatar da shi a pharmacology. A karshen yakin duniya na biyu, a shekarar 1945, wadannan masana kimiyya da kuma majagaba Fleming wajaba lashe kyautar Nobel.

Rawar da aka gano penicillin domin magani, ko abin da ta kasance kafin

Mutane da yawa m cututtuka, nan take daukan rayuka da kiwon lafiya na mutane, wani abu da suka gabata godiya ga samun na farko da kwayoyin. A dabi'u na ci gaba a kimiyya ba za a iya overemphasized. Tare da wannan na yarda duk wanda ya taba sha wahala daga wani kwayan kamuwa da cuta.

Penicillin damuarn gina jiki kira a kwayoyin cuta, watau, ya aikata ba micro-kwayoyin girma da kuma riɓaɓɓanya, da kuma yanzu, godiya ga wani iri-iri na maganin rigakafi a kan tushen da ya da yawa cututtuka daman karfe tare da kusan babu aqibar da kwayoyin. Yana da wuya da kuma ban tsoro su yi tunanin cewa shi ba ko da yaushe.

A karni da suka wuce (ba a tsakiyar, da kuma, in general, da Stone Age, kamar yadda da yawa) mutane suka mutu daga cututtuka da mu yanzu da nuna alfahari kawo kan a ƙafafunsa, ta rage su zuwa dintsi na daban-daban kwayoyi. Banal angina iya gudanar da rayuwar mutum a mako, ciwon huhu - ko da sauri. A meningitis aka dauke m, idan akwai tsira, suka rasa shafi tunanin mutum aiki kusan gaba ɗaya, tare da insidious cuta cewa zama da aka sani a matsayin "barawo da hankali." A gano penicillin cewa damuarn kwayoyin girma da kuma ikon rayuwa ajiye dubban rayuka da ajiye biliyoyin. Mutane da yawa kananan kwayoyin halitta suna ci tare da taimakon masana kimiyya. An sani cewa penicillin (ko kuma wajen mold tare da 'ya'yan da har rãƙumi harnesses) da bi kafin a bude. Duk da haka, kawai na aikin fitarwa na fungal kwayoyin rayuwa kayayyakin sanya samuwa ga kowa.

A amfani da penicillin yau

Duk da cewa bayan da aka gano na farko da kwayoyin, masana kimiyya daga kasashen da dama sun buɗe, da kuma sauran kungiyar na maganin rigakafi, penicillin - tasiri bayani a lura da yawa cututtuka. Ta hanyar ji na ƙwarai da yawa gram-korau da gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin. Alal misali, ubiquitous streptococci da staphylococci, Corynebacterium, inhabiting cikin ƙasa kuma haddasa a kalla a kurji, matsakaicin - wani mummunan cuta - diphtheria germs da zai haddasa meningitis da kuma ciwon huhu, suppurative tonsillitis da kuma dauke da kwayar cutar abscesses.

Wanda aka bi da tare da maganin rigakafi penicillin

Mun bayar da jerin mafi sani cututtuka da cewa a halin yanzu bi da tare da maganin rigakafi penicillin ( "Amoxiclav" da "ampicillin", "Bitsillin", "Augmentin"):

• Scarlet zazzabi.
• M tonsillitis (angina).
• Ciwon huhu.
• Anthrax.
• Rheumatism.
• Tã erysipelas.
• Meningitis kwayan etiology.
• Sepsis.
• Staphylococcal da streptococcal cututtuka.
• Kamuwa da sores traumatic ko postoperative asalin.

Kamar yadda ba za ka iya kwatanta, cewa jerin ne ba cikakke ba ne. Daya ne kawai aureus ne na dama iri, kuma Yanã da dama, cututtuka. Penicillin damuarn kwayoyin cell bango kira fiye da su haifuwa Tashoshi, rãyarwa sake zagayowar.

A amfani da penicillin

Wani da maganin rigakafi penicillin jerin ne da m sakamako a kan jikin mutum. Modern m maganin rigakafi wani lokacin aiki a kan manufa "da kungiyar yanã fizge tufarsu" - da samun a cikin jiki, da suka hallaka dukan microflora - biyu pathogenic da kyau, wajibi ne ga isasshen aiki na hanjinsu da kuma tsarin na rigakafi. Penicillin damuarn kwayoyin girma da kuma ci gaba, don haka bayan halakar pathogenic microorganisms m kwayoyin cuta, dole ya kasance da rai, amma a cikin wani bakin ciki jiha. Su auna ne sauki warke da taimakon kiwo kayayyakin ko musamman kantin kayan aikin. A mataki na penicillin, duk da cewa mutane da yawa suna kiran wannan kwayoyin m tasiri, amma wajen taushi, don haka shi an wajabta, ko jarirai. Af, staphylococcus, a baya sun shagaltar da haihuwa gidajensu da kuma asibitoci da kuma daukan tafi da rayukan jarirai, saboda penicillin zama kasa mai hadarin gaske.

Kamar yadda penicillin damuarn kwayan aiki

Ta yaya iya wannan kayan aiki aiki? Ka yi kokarin bayyana tasirinta, da kuma abin da na ga Alexander Fleming a cikin karni na ofishinsa da baya.

Kwayoyin cutar - sosai resistant zuwa daban-daban korau dalilai kwayoyin. Wasu jinsunan rayuwa zare jiki a cikin volcanic lawa ko Arctic kankara. Su ne a ko'ina - a kasar gona da ruwa, abinci, Jawo dabbobi, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da kuma kayan lambu. Amma babu bukatar tsoro da kuma boye a wani bakararre dakin - idan ka jiki ne da lafiya da kuma karfi na rigakafi tsarin na aiki a cike iya aiki, da microbes zuwa ji tsoro ba shi daraja. Mutane da yawa kuma suna da 'yancin zama a jikin mu kuma aka kunna kawai bayan tsananin gajiya ko rauni, shi.

Lokacin da kwayoyin cuta ana farmaki, akwai ceto - wani kwayoyin. Alal misali, penicillin (damuarn DNA kira a jikin kwayoyin cutar da hana haifuwa). Ta yaya wannan ya faru? Samun cikin mutum jini da kwayoyin da aka yada a ko'ina cikin jiki. Aljihuna da kamuwa da cuta da sauri same su. A wuri na "sāke wuri" microbes penicillin ratsa cikin membrane na kwayoyin da kuma tsaya a nan ba su kira. A kwayoyin rasa su ikon ciyar da kuma girma, wanda, bi da bi, abu zuwa ga mutuwa.