Parenchymal degeneration. mugun jin haltta

Wani lokaci, a asibiti yi akwai irin wannan abu a matsayin parenchymal degeneration. Pathological Anatomy da dangantaka da su zuwa disturbances a metabolism cages. A sauki sharuddan, jiki karya saukar da aiwatar da samar da jari na gina jiki, wadda take kaiwa zuwa morphological (gani) canji. Bayyana wani Pathology iya zama a cikin sashe, ko kuma bayan jerin sosai musamman gwaje-gwaje. Parenchymal da stromal-jijiyoyin bugun gini degeneration su ne tushen da yawa m cututtuka.

definition

Parenchymal degeneration - ne pathological tafiyar matakai da kai ga canje-canje a cikin tsarin tantanin halitta na gabobin. Daga cikin sunadaran da cutar Kwayoyin kai asirce makamashi gaira cuta da fermentopathy, discirkulatornaya cuta (jini, Lymph, interstitium, intercellular ruwa), endocrine da cerebral degeneration.

Akwai da dama sunadaran da degeneration:

- infiltration, cewa shi ne, da suka wuce haddi kai na jini kayayyakin da metabolism ciki da cell ko extracellular sarari saboda wani rashin cin nasara a enzyme tsarin na jiki;

- bazuwar ko PHANEROZOIC wakiltar lalata kwayuka Tsarin, wadda take kaiwa zuwa rushewa daga cikin metabolism da kuma jari na unoxidized rayuwa kayayyakin.

- warped kira na abubuwa da suke da al'ada cell ba ya taka;

- da canji na gina jiki shigar da cell gina wani daya irin karshen-kayayyakin (sunadarai, fats ko carbohydrates).

rarrabuwa

Pathologists ne da wadannan iri parenchymal dystrophies:

1. Dangane da morphological canje-canje:

- zalla parenchymal.

- stromal-jijiyoyin bugun gini.

- gauraye.

2. Bisa ga irin tara abubuwa:

- gina jiki ko disproteinozy.

- kitse ko lipidoses.

- carbohydrate.

- ma'adinai.

3. Kamar yadda ruwan dare daga cikin tsari:

- System.

- gida.

4. A lokacin da na abin da ya faru:

- samu.

- nakasar.

Wadanda ko wasu parenchymal degeneration pathological haltta ma'anar ba kawai tareda žata jamiái, amma kuma a kan ƙayyadaddu na shafa Kwayoyin. A mi} a mulki daga wannan zuwa wani dystrophy ne a rubuce zai yiwu, amma kusan yiwu ne kawai a hade Pathology. Parenchymal degeneration - shi ne jigon da aiwatar da ke faruwa a cikin kwayar halitta, amma kawai wani ɓangare na wani asibiti ciwo da ya hada da morphological da kuma aikin rashi na wani musamman sashin jiki.

Disproteinozy

A jikin mutum sun fi mayar kunshi sunadarai, da kuma ruwa. Sunadarai na gina jiki wani bangare ne na cell ganuwar, membranes na mitochondria da sauran wasu gabbansa, a Bugu da kari, su ne free a cikin cytoplasm. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne enzymes.

Disproteinozom in ba haka ba ya kira wani Pathology kamar yadda parenchymal gina jiki dystrophy. Kuma ta ainihi ta'allaka ne da cewa salula sunadaran canza dũkiyõyinsu, kazalika da sha tsarin canje-canje, kamar denaturation ko kollikvatsiya. Protein-parenchymal dystrophy tana nufin hyaline droplets, hydropic, Kakakin kuma granular dystrophy. A cikin farko uku za a rubuta a daki-daki, amma karshen, granular, halin a cewa furotin accumulates a cikin sel na hatsi, saboda abin da Kwayoyin suna miƙa, da kuma jiki ne ya karu, shi ya zama sako-sako da kuma maras ban sha'awa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa granular dystrophy ma kira maras ban sha'awa kumburi. Amma masana harkokin kimiyya da babu shakka cewa shi parenchymal degeneration. Necropsy na tsari ne irin wannan cewa, za a iya dauka domin hatsin compensatory ya karu salula tsarin, kamar yadda wani mayar da martani ga aikin danniya.

Hyaline droplet degeneration

Tare da irin wannan dystrophy a hyaline Kwayoyin bayyana fi girma saukad wadda daga ƙarshe ta ci a cikin juna da kuma cika dukan ciki sarari na Kwayoyin, wuce ko lalata su da wasu gabbansa. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa asarar aiki, kuma ko da tantanin halitta mutuwa. Mafi sau da yawa cutar faruwa a koda nama, a kalla a cikin hanta da kuma zuciya.

A lokacin cytology bayan koda biopsy, a Bugu da kari da jari daga hyaline a nephrocytes nuna halakar salula abubuwa. Wannan sabon abu bayyana lokacin da haƙuri tasowa a vacuolar-lysosomal gazawar, wadda take kaiwa zuwa wani karu a reabsorption furotin daga primary fitsari. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan Pathology auku a nephrotic ciwo. A mafi m diagnoses na wadannan marasa lafiya - glomerulonephritis kuma koda amyloidosis. Waje jiki ba ya canza lokacin da hyaline droplet dystrophy.

A hanta Kwayoyin halin da ake ciki shi ne da ɗan daban-daban. A lokacin bincike da madubin likita da suka samu Mallory corpuscles kunshi fibrils da giya hyaline. Su bayyanar da ake dangantawa da Wilson ta cuta, giya hepatitis, kazalika da biliary cirrhosis da kuma India. A sakamakon wannan tsari ne ya fi karfinsu - hanta cell necrosis, asarar ta aiki.

hydropic dystrophy

Wannan ra'ayi ya bambanta daga sauran dystrophies cewa a cikin kamuwa Kwayoyin, sabon wasu gabbansa cika da ruwa. A mafi yawan lokuta, irin wannan sabon abu za a iya gani a cikin fata da kuma na koda tubule Kwayoyin a cikin hanta, tsoka, kuma adrenal gland shine yake.

Sel microscopically kara girman, su cytoplasm mai cike vacuoles tare da m ruwa abinda ke ciki. Da zuciyar da aka canja ko lysed, da sauran gine-ginen suna shafe ta. Daga qarshe, da cell ne a "balan-balan" cika da ruwa. Saboda haka, hydropic dystrophy wani lokacin kira balan-balan.

Kuna aikin gawarwakin zama kusan canzawa. The inji na ci gaba da wannan cuta - take hakkin colloid osmotic matsa lamba a cikin cell da kuma a cikin intercellular sarari. Saboda wannan karin permeability na cell membranes na sel mutu, kuma decompose. A dalilan da irin sinadaran da canje-canje iya zama glomerulonephritis, da ciwon sukari, na koda amyloidosis. A canji a cikin hanta Kwayoyin taimakawa wajen kwayar kuma mai guba hepatitis. A fata hydropic degeneration za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar wani virus na smallpox.

Ƙare da pathological aiwatar da mai da hankali ko total necrosis, don haka da ilimin halittar jiki da kuma aiki na hanzari tabarbarewa.

cornea degeneration

Pathological actinic gawarwakin - ne ya wuce kima jari na keratin a cikin farfajiya yadudduka da fata, kamar hyperkeratosis da ichthyosis, da kuma zargin da jaraba abu, inda, kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi kada ta kasance - a cikin mucous membranes (leukoplakia, squamous cell sankara). Wannan tsari na iya zama duka gida da kuma duka.

A dalilan da irin wannan cututtuka iya zama cuta ectodermal kumshe a lokacin embryogenesis, na kullum kumburi nama canje-canje, kwayar cututtuka da kuma bitamin ƙarara.

Idan an fara Jiyya da nan da nan bayan da farko bayyanar cututtuka, da masana'anta na iya har yanzu warke, amma a ci-gaba lokuta, magani ba zai yiwu. Long-data kasance shafukan Kakakin dystrophy iya lalace cikin fata ciwon daji, kuma nakasar ichthyosis ne m tare da fetal rayuwa.

hereditary dystrophy

Hereditary parenchymal degeneration faruwa saboda nakasar fermentopathia. Wadannan cututtuka suna kuma kira ajiya cututtuka sun kasance saboda rayuwa cuta, rayuwa kayayyakin tara a Kwayoyin da jiki ruwaye, da guba da shi. The best-sani wakilan wannan kungiyar ne phenylketonuria, tirozinoz da cystinosis.

Target gabobin for phenylketonuria ne tsakiya m tsarin, tsoka, fata, da kuma ruwa (jini, fitsari). rayuwa kayayyakin a tirozinoze tara a hanta Kwayoyin, koda da kuma kasusuwa. Cystinosis kuma rinjayar da hanta da kuma kodan, amma baya daga gare su, da shan wahala baƙin ciki, eyeballs, bargo, da lymphatic tsarin da kuma fata.

lipidoses

Lipids kunshe ne a cikin kowane cell, su na iya zama duka dabam da kuma a hade tare da sunadarai da tsarin raka'a zama cell membranes, kazalika da sauran ultrastructures. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin cytoplasm ne glycerol kuma m acid. Domin gane su a kyallen takarda ta amfani da musamman hanyoyin da kayyade da kuma batawa, kamar sudan baki ko ja, osmic acid, Nile blue sulphate. Bayan takamaiman horo shirye-shirye a hankali binciki karkashin wani na'urar hange.

Parenchymal m degeneration bayyana a matsayin wuce kima jari na mai inda suka kasance, da kuma bayyanar lipids akwai inda suka kada ta kasance. Sun ayan tara tsaka tsaki fats. Target gabobin ne guda a matsayin cewa na gina jiki dystrophy - zuciya, kodoji, kuma hanta.

Kitsen parenchymal tsokar dystrophy fara da bayyanar a myocytes na sosai kananan droplets na kitse, da cewa shi ne. N. pulverized kiba. Idan tsari ba a daina a wannan mataki, sa'an nan ƙarshe saukad coalesce da kuma zama ya fi girma, har sai da shi zai zauna cikin duka cytoplasm. Wasu gabbansa haka rududdugaggun, striated tsoka zaruruwa vuya. Haka kuma cutar bayyana kanta gida a kusa da venous jijiyoyin bugun gini gado.

Kuna aikin parenchymal m degeneration bayyana kanta a hanyoyi daban-daban, duk abin da ya dogara a kan mataki na tsari. A farkon ganewar asali za a iya sanya kawai karkashin wani microscope, amma tare da lokaci da zuciya ne ya karu da mikewa da Kwayoyin, da ganuwar zama bakin ciki da kuma flabby, tare da sashe na myocardium za a iya gani kashe-yellow ratsi. A pathophysiology wannan jiki je sama tare da sunan "Tiger zuciya".

M degeneration na parenchymal gabobin ci gaba a uku main sunadaran.

1. A ƙãra bayarwa na free m acid a tsokar Kwayoyin.
2. Take hakkin mai metabolism.
3. A auka na lipoprotein Tsarin cikin cell.

Mafi sau da yawa, wadannan sunadaran suna jawo a lokacin hypoxia, cututtuka (diphtheria, da tarin fuka, sepsis) da kuma maye da chlorine, phosphorus ko arsenic.

Yawanci, m degeneration ne reversible, da kuma lalacewar da cell Tsarin an rage a kan lokaci. Amma idan aiwatar ne a guje karfi, duk abin da ya ƙare a mutuwa da nama da kuma zuciya da sauransu. Clinicians ana wadannan cututtuka dangantawa da jari na mai a cikin Kwayoyin:

- Gaucher ta cutar.

- Tay-Sachs cuta.

- Niemann-sama cuta, da sauransu.

carbohydrate dystrophy

All carbohydrates, wanda aka located a cikin jiki za a iya raba polysaccharides (fi na kowa da abin da yake cikin glycogen), glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides: hyaluronic acid da kuma chondroitin, heparin), da kuma glycoproteins (mucins, Ina nufin gamsai kuma mucoid).

Domin gane carbohydrates a cikin jiki Kwayoyin, da takamaiman gwajin da aka yi - Schick dauki. Its ainihi shi ne cewa masana'anta da aka bi da tare da lokaci-lokaci acid, sa'an nan magenta. Kuma aldehydes juya ja. Idan kana so ka zabi glycogen, da reagents an kara zuwa amylase. Glycosaminoglycans da glycoproteins stained da methylene blue. Parenchymal carbohydrate dystrophy hade yawanci tare da rayuwa cuta na glycogen da glycoproteins.

Take hakkin glycogen metabolism

Glycogen - shi ya tanadi jiki ga "ruwa rana jin yunwa." Mafi yawansu ya kiyaye a cikin hanta da kuma tsokoki da kuma ciyarwa da wannan makamashi sosai Yanã ƙuƙuntãwa. Regulation carbohydrate metabolism faruwa ta hanyar da neuroendocrine tsarin. Babban rawa aka buga, kamar yadda ya saba, da hypothalamic-pituitary tsarin. Yana samar da Tropic hormones cewa sarrafa duk sauran endocrine gland.

Take hakkin glycogen metabolism ne karuwa ko rage ta adadin a kyallen takarda, da kuma bayyanar inda shi kada ta kasance. Mai fili irin canje-canje faruwa a ciwon sukari mellitus ko hereditary glycogen ajiya. Pathogenesis na ciwon sukari da aka quite da kyau gane: sel da pancreas tsaya a nan samar da insulin a bukata adadin, kuma cell makamashi reserves ana hanzari tsautsayi kamar glucose ba tara a cikin tsokoki da kuma excreted daga jiki a fitsari. The jiki "yana buɗewa" ta reserves, kuma da farko tasowa parenchymal degeneration na hanta. A cikin nuclei na hepatocytes bayyana lucid jinkiri kuma suna haske. Saboda haka, an kira su "komai core".

Hereditary glycogenoses lalacewa ta hanyar wani rashin ko babu enzymes hannu a jari na glycogen. A halin yanzu da aka sani da irin wannan cututtuka 6:

- Gierke ta cutar .

- Pompe cuta .

- glycogen ajiya cuta irin V.

- nata 'cuta.

- cuta Forbes-Cori.

- Andersen ta cutar.

Su bambanci ganewar asali ne zai yiwu bayan wani hanta biopsy da kuma amfani gistofermentnogo analysis.

Take hakkin glycoprotein metabolism

Wannan parenchymal degeneration sa da jari a cikin tsokoki na mucins ko mucoids. In ba haka ba, wadannan dystrophy ma kira mucous ko mucoid, saboda halayyar inclusions daidaito. Wani lokaci tara a mucins gaskiya, amma kawai alaka da abubuwa da za a iya shãfe haske. A wannan yanayin, da ta je colloidal dystrophy.

Bincike da madubin likita na nama domin sanin ba kawai gaskiyar gaban gamsai, amma da kaddarorin. Saboda gaskiya cewa salula tarkace da kuma danko sosai mugunya hana al'ada outflow na ruwa daga cikin gland, cysts aka kafa, da kuma abin da ke ciki ayan kumburi.

A Sanadin irin wannan dystrophy iya zama sosai daban-daban, amma mafi sau da yawa shi ne catarrhal kumburi da mucous. Bugu da kari, idan wani hereditary cuta, pathogenetic kwaikwaya cewa ya yi daidai da kyau a cikin definition of a mucous dystrophy. Wannan cystic fibrosis. Shafi pancreas, hanji tube, urinary fili, biliary fili, sunadarin gumi da salivary gland.

Resolution na irin cuta ya dogara da adadin da tsawon da gamsai sallama. A kasa lokaci ya wuce daga farkon pathological tsari, da mafi kusantar da cewa mucous warke sosai. Amma a wasu lokuta da epithelial desquamation, mahara sclerosis, da kuma take hakkin ya shafa sashin jiki aiki.