Papermaking fasahar: a gida, a factory, a Ancient kasar Sin

Abin da kawai bai rubuta da bil'adama! Rocks, kogon ganuwar, itace, lãka da Allunan, ginshiƙan tagulla ... Wata kila, godiya ga latest, akwai wani ya ce game da gaskiyar cewa ba kowa da kowa zai iya rike gatari da aka rubuta. Amma babu wani daga wadannan kayan ba saduwa da bukatun ga rubuce-rubuce. Har sai, har ƙirƙira takarda.

Da sabuwar dabara papermaking fasaha a kasar Sin na dogon lokaci dangana ga Tsay Lyunyu, na sarki shuwagabanninmu da manyanmu. A kalla, shi wanda ya yi na farko ya kai} arar da sarki na kasar Sin don ta tartsatsi gabatarwar a hanya domin Manufacturing takarda. Kimiyya dignitary musamman gauraye hemp da Mulberry fiber, ash, ruwa, scraps na zane dalaye a cikin siffar, baje haka kamar yadda masana'antun takardar da Papyrus. Sarkin sarakuna amince da bukatar. Kuma haka ya faru da cewa, yayin da kama kayan a kasar Sin sun yi dogon kafin takarda dignitary, da sabuwar dabara na takarda da aka dangana a gare shi.

papermaking fasahar da aka inganta a kowace kasa, kuma ƙarshe takarda ya zama mafi mashahuri, ko da yake ba sosai high quality abu.

A 1770, da manufacturer ya iya ya halicci Whatman kafuwa, a shirye su rabu da takarda ya bi sawun fom in da shi da aka bushe. Bayan shekaru 30 a Faransa gina farko takarda na'ura. Tun daga nan takarda ya zama sananne a ko'ina da kuma ne ba da wani gaira.

Yau, takarda yin fasahar aiki ta hanyar da ta kunshi dama, saukarwa.

A mataki na farko da feedstock shirye. Cut Pine da spruce, a yanka su a cikin sanduna, oshkurivayut a musamman inji ta amfani da hanyar na bushe okarivaniya. Peeled sanduna pulverized cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta.

A mataki na biyu - da samar da Semi-ƙãre kayayyakin. papermaking fasahar nufin cewa itace-Mach shagunan hankali tattalin kwakwalwan kwamfuta shafa a kan itace shredder, juya shi a cikin wani ɓangaren litattafan almara. A cikin wadannan nazarinsa ɓangaren litattafan almara ne bleached da kuma mayar da hankali.

A cikin uku mataki ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma thermomechanical ɓangaren litattafan almara gauraye, kara cellulose, ana jerawa, bleached sake da kuma kawai sai ya aika zuwa takarda yin na'ura. A cikin wadannan inji grids kafa yanar gizo daga wanda ruwa ne drained latsa. A takardar da aka sa'an nan bushe a cikin cylinders, yi da shi mafi m da taimakon calender Rolls, rauni a kan tsari rollers, a yanka so masu girma dabam.

Wannan takarda masana'antu da fasaha daya ne kawai drawback: shi ƙwarai rage adadin itace a duniya.

Kowane mataki na masana'antu samar da takarda na da sunan.

• Pretreatment ko jari. A albarkatun kasa da aka niƙa, gauraye da fillers, kala ko whitening jamiái, shi shiga cikin ajiya pool na hadawa, wadda aiki - tabbatar da santsi aiki na papermaking inji.
• Refining, watau jeri na ɓangaren litattafan almara tsarin.

Yau, wasu kasashe (misali, Japan) ga tsarabobi yi da hannu cikin takardar. Ta asali dubi tsada, amma shi ne mai girma kyauta.

'Yan mutane san cewa takarda za a iya kerarre ... gida.

Home papermaking fasahar

1. Mun kara da sharar gida takarda (napkins, takarda, da dai sauransu), Cika da ruwa, duka tare da mahautsini har wani uniform "kullu."

2. Add da manne mix, yada a tire na wani layin wutar, ya rufe tare da gauze. Mun wring hannuwanku, tsara a layi, rufe da gauze kuma sa latsa.

3. Ka bar for 'yan kwanaki, ci gaba da mai da al'amari zuwa ko'ina da outflow danshi.

Wannan gida takarda ba zai bambanta musamman kyakkyawa, amma shi ne quite dace da tsaraba, musamman ta hanyar yara.

Wannan ba musamman, amma mafi sauki hanyar yin takarda a gida.