Ostin Dzheyn (Litattafan Jane Austen). Dzheyn Ostin litattafan, fim karbuwa

Kuma zuwa wannan rana Miss Ostin Dzheyn ne daya daga cikin shahararrun English marubuci. Sau da yawa shi ne ake kira da First Lady of English wallafe-wallafe. Ta ayyukan da ake bukata domin karatu a dukkan Birtaniya kolejoji da jami'o'i. Saboda haka wanda ya kasance wannan mace?

Brief sada bayanai

Dzheyn Ostin aka haife Disamba 16, 1775. House ta iyali ya kasance a cikin karamin lardin garin Steventon, cewa a kan ƙasa na County na Hampshire. Mahaifinta, George, da gaske ilimi da kuma haskaka mutum, ya sauko daga wani tsoho Kentish iyali da kuma wani Ikklesiya firist.

Mahaifiyar marubuci Cassandra Lee, kuma ya zo daga wani tsohon amma matalauta iyali. Bugu da kari ga iyali na Jane kasance har yanzu yara bakwai - 'yan'uwa James, George, Edward, Henry, Francis kuma Charles, kuma' yar uwa Cassandra. A marubuci ya sosai a kusa da 'yar'uwarsa. Shi ne saboda su rubutu ya koya wasu abubuwa game da rayuwa da kuma babbar sha'awa Jane.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka daga cikin shahararrun marubuci

A gaskiya ma, game da yara da kuma samartaka Miss Austen da aka sani ba sosai. Haka ya shafi ta bayyanar, saboda bayanin irin daban-daban kafofin na sauti daban-daban. Duk da haka, shi ne a zaci cewa Jane ya m, m da kuma kyakkyawar yarinya da wani bincike tunani, mai kyau walwala da annashuwa da kuma m son sani. Bugu da ƙari, ta kaunace fashion, sha'awar Gentlemen, ya halarci bukukuwa, fun tafiye-tafiye da kuma ƙaunar da m altercation tare da dangi da kuma abokai.

Inda aka ilimi Miss Austen?

marubuci ayyukan ba kawai ya nuna fice iyawa, amma kuma wani babba ilimi cigaban Miss Austen. Jane aka ilimi a dama daban-daban cibiyoyin. A 1783, nan gaba marubuci da 'yar'uwarta, Cassandra ya fara karatu a jami'ar Oxford. Amma a nan da 'yan'uwanku mãtã ne daga Sa'a, kamar yadda suka sha wahala daga despotism na headmistress, sa'an nan kamuwa da typhus. Sa'an nan kuma akwai wata makaranta a Southampton, bayan da yarinya sake canza makaranta. Educational ma'aikata a Karatun ma bai kusata da m yarinya, saboda alherin headmistress aka hada tare da cikakken rashin tunani ga ilimi na yara.

Bayan haka mutane da yawa kasawa, Jane koma gida, inda mahaifinta tsunduma a ilimi. Dzhordzh Ostin ya iya qarfafa a su da 'ya'ya mata ba kawai a soyayya na karatu, amma kuma a da dabara da wallafe-wallafen da dandano. Ta ya girma da kuma ci gaba a cikin wani ilimi yanayi, da kuma shi ya faru a da yamma na karatu da kuma tattaunawa da classic littattafai.

Tasiri a kan aikin na marubuci

Hakika, gida da ilimi da kuma wallafe-wallafen sanin mahaifinsa bar su da alãmarsu a kan aikin na marubuci. Amma akwai wasu abubuwan da ya rinjayi da aiwatar da samar da shahararrun litattafan da Miss Austen. Jane rayu a cikin lokaci saboda san abubuwan tarihin - kuma yana da Faransa juyin juya halin, juyin juya halin masana'antu a Ingila, haddin shari'a cikin Ireland, da yaki don samun 'yancin kai a Amurka, da sauransu ..

Duk da cewa mafi yawan ta rayuwa Jane da aka gudanar a lardin, shi ya rayayye dauki a kan rubutu tare da zumunta da abokai wanda vividly bayyana ta tarihi, wanda aka samu halartar. Yana da wadannan haruffa zama wata yarinya mai zama tushen ra'ayoyi da taimako bayanai.

Dzheyn Ostin: ga ayyukan farkon lokaci

Ba dukkan magoya na marubuci san cewa na farko da aikin ta halitta a cikin shekaru goma sha biyar. Alal misali, daya daga wadannan ayyuka shi ne epistolary labari "Love kuma Friendship", wanda aka halitta a matsayin irin parody na rare a lokacin, Birtaniya romance litattafan.

A lokaci guda, ta kuma yi aiki a kan "History of England", wanda, a gaskiya, ya mai parody, lampoon a kan littafi A. maƙeran zinariya. Ga Jane hikima da kuma wittily izgili da da'awar da marubucin zai yi haƙiƙa, yayin da kafa fitar da wasu real tarihin asali. Wani parody na gargajiya Turanci labari zama novelette "Beautiful Cassandra".

Shahararren labari marubuci

Lalle ne, kusan kowa da kowa a kalla sau daya a cikin rayuwarsa samu damar ganin ayyukan Dzheyn Ostin. Ta litattafan ne Popular tsakanin magoya na gargajiya wallafe-wallafe.

A shekarar 1811, na farko da aikin na Dzheyn Ostin aka buga - "Sense da hankali." Af, wannan littafi da aka wallafa a karkashin pseudonym "Lady." Wannan shi ne mai sauki da kuma a lokaci guda mai m labarin game da 'yan'uwa biyu mãtã da daban-daban haruffa. Marianna - wani tunanin da m yarinya cewa yana so ya sami soyayyar gaskiya, yayin da Elinor mafi tanada, m kuma m.

Nasarar wannan aiki a yarda da mawallafin a 1813 zuwa buga na gaba littafin - da sanannun labari kira "alfahari da nuna bambanci", wanda, ba zato ba tsammani, aka rubuta da yawa a baya. An ce, wannan aikin da aka rubuta nan da nan bayan hutun da Tom Lefroy, amma saboda wallafa farko sun ƙaryata shi, shi ne jiran su bi da bi zuwa shekara goma sha biyar. A labarin soyayya, wanda zai ratsa ta da yawa son zuciya.Magana da kuma shawo kan girman kai, shi ne a yau daya daga cikin mafi rare littattafai na marubuci.

A na gaba da aka buga aiki shi ne littafin "Mansfield Park". Dzheyn Ostin ya yi aiki a kan shi na shekaru uku. Af, wannan aikin nasa ne da ake kira ilimi labari. A labarin da yarinya wanda zai yi zabi tsakanin kira na zuciya, da dokokin jin kunya da kuma m muhawara, ya zama batun da wani miniseries.

A 1816 zo da wani sanannen labari - "Emma". Dzheyn Ostin nan a wani m hanya, ya bayyana tarihin fun, perky yarinya wanda aka ciwon fun, taimaka wa mata da abokai su yi aure. Shagaltar da muhimmancin matchmaker, tare da abin da, ta hanyar, ba wani kyau sosai aiki, Emma kusan saba shukawa nasu farin ciki.

A 1817, posthumously, an buga shi da wani littafi mai taken "lallashewa." Dzheyn Ostin karatu pechalnayu gaya labarin Anne Elliot, shiryar da m shawara mahaifiyarsa girlfriends, ya yi watsi da kawai mutumin da ta auna. Af, wannan littafin ne sau da yawa dauke da wani irin tarihin rayuwar da marubuci kanta.

A shekara daga baya, an buga shi wani labari - "Northanger Abbey", wanda yake shi ne fun da wayo parody na sufi da Gothic litattafan.

Wanda ba a kare ayyukan Jane

A gaskiya, ba dukan aiki na da sanannen marubuci da aka kammala. Alal misali, a lokacin rayuwa da Miss Austen kananan epistolary labari kira "Lady Susan" ba a yi a buga. Written tsakanin 1803 da 1805 da shekaru na tarihi na m da kuma wayo na mãkirci Lady Susan, kokarin nemi mijin aure, kiwata muhimmanci al'amurran da suka shafi kyawawan dabi'u da kuma xa'a.

A wannan batu na farauta domin ango da aka shafa, da kuma a cikin sauran wani wanda ba a kare labari, marubucin ya kira "Watsons". Af, wannan aikin da aka baya saka 'yar Jane kuma aka buga a karkashin lakabi "ƙaramin' yar'uwa."

Akwai wani m aiki na Birtaniya marubuci, wanda ta ba da lokaci zuwa gama. A labari "Senditon" Jane fara aiki ga 'yan watanni kafin mutuwarsa, kuma yana da lokaci zuwa rubuta kawai wani ɓaɓɓake. A shekarar 2000, wannan aikin da aka kammala a kan Turanci marubuci Dzhuliey Barret - da labari da aka buga a karkashin sunan "Charlotte."

Personal rayuwa marubuci

Ba asiri da cewa, duk da ta m m bayyanar, Dzheyn Ostin kuma zauna shi kadai. A ta matasa ta samu wani aure tsari daga wani m dan wa na Lady Gresham Weasley, amma ya ki, kamar yadda ba dandana wani ji domin shi.

A 1795, akwai wani idon sani ga matalauci dokar dalibi Thomas Lefroy da kuma Miss Austen. Jane ambaci sau da yawa game da wadannan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin haruffa wa 'yar'uwarsa. Tsakanin matasa nan da nan m ji ga juna, amma suka yi bar. Bayan duk, matasa zo daga matalautan iyalai, da kuma kawai m aure da wani arziki magada iya magance halin da ake ciki. Af, Thomas ƙarshe ya zama Ubangiji, babban mai shari'a na Ireland. Kuma Jane ta shekaru 30 da sa wani bonit wani tsohon bawa, gaya wa duniya cewa ba za su yi aure.

Bayan rasuwar marubuci mahaifin taimaka mata uwa a kusa da gidan, kamar yadda da iyali ta kudi halin da ake ciki shi ne musamman wuya. A 1817, Jane koma Winchester, inda bi da Addison ta cuta, yayin da aiki a kan labari "Senditon". Ga ta mutu a kan Yuli 18.

Dzheyn Ostin: fim karbuwa daga litattafan

A gaskiya ma, cikin ayyukan Birtaniya marubuci ko da yaushe taso a m sha'awa. Alal misali, kawai littafin "alfahari da nuna bambanci" da aka yin fim har sau goma. Da farko hoto dangane da labari ya bayyana a kan fuska a 1938. Last TV version daga cikin shahararrun labari da aka buga a 2005 - rawar da Elizabeth Bennet samu Kire Naytli da Mr. Darcy ta brilliantly buga da Mettyu Makfeyden.

The labari "Sense da hankali," saba ga allon sau biyar. Wani rare samfurin kira "Emma" kafa dalilin da mãkirci na takwas zane-zane. Hakika, wannan ba duk cikin fina-finan na Dzheyn Ostin. Alal misali, akwai fina-finan hudu, halitta dangane da labari "lallashewa." A "Northanger Abbey" an sa a kan allo sau biyu - a shekarar 1986 da kuma 2006. Akwai ma uku film karbuwa daga cikin ayyukan "Mansfield Park". Kamar yadda za a iya gani, duk kammala da litattafan Dzheyn Ostin labarin zama tushen da yawa fina-finan. Kuma duk da lokacin, canja hanyar rayuwa da kuma hadisai, wadannan sauki labarin game da soyayya, abota da kuma halin kirki har yanzu jin dadin amfani mai girma daga masu kallo da kuma masu karatu.

Movies game da rayuwar marubuci

A gaskiya ma, cikin abu na ban sha'awa a kan wani ɓangare na guru film ya zama ba kawai da ayyukan Dzheyn Ostin, amma ta sosai rayuwa. Don kwanan wata, yin fim uku fina-finai, kaidin wanda a ko ta wani hanya dangane da sada data daga cikin shahararrun marubuci. Alal misali, a 2002, aka saki a cikin haya shirin da ake kira "Real Dzheyn Ostin", tushen abin da aka dauka sanannun sada data da kuma sauran haruffa da marubuci ta 'yar'uwarsa Cassandra.

A shekara ta 2007, ya bayyana a kan allo a wasan kwaikwayo da ake kira "Miss Austen dake damunsa," wanda ya gaya labarin na karshe shekaru na talented amma m marubuci, kuma ta dangantaka da daya daga cikin dan'uwa. Ga rawar da Jane tafi Olivii Uilyams.

A wannan shekara ta 2007 melodrama "Dzheyn Ostin" ( "Zama Jane") da aka yin fim, da labarin dogara ne a kan m labarin soyayya na haifar da marubuci da matalauta, m amma m lauya Tom Lefroy.