Na'ura domin samar da makamashi-ceto. Nawa ne da wutar lantarki? Makamashi ceto fasahar

An yi imani da cewa a Rasha m wutar lantarki. Kuma saboda na dogon lokaci ba, ba kasuwanci ba mutane ba da kulawa ta musamman ga ceton da wutar lantarki. Filaye, ma'ana magana, wannan da aka - a kasar mu, watakila mafi kyau a duniya da makamashi wadata tsarin, akwai babban adadin ikon shuke-shuke, da ci-gaba da iko a kan makamashi rarraba cibiyar sadarwa. Duk da wannan damar da mu don samar da wutar lantarki mai rahusa fiye da a da yawa tasowa,

Amma kumbura ba tsaya har yanzu - kuma a yanzu farashin wajen babban. Abstracts na bukatar inganta samar da makamashi yadda ya dace da aka tattauna a cikin gwamnati matakin. Wajibi ne a ajiye wutar lantarki da kuma 'yan kasa da kuma kasuwanci. A tambaya shi ne yadda mafi kyau ga yin wannan, a na'urar domin ceton lantarki da samar da lantarki a gida ko a wani factory.

Da farko, bari mu magana game da abin da suke da zabin ajiye wutar lantarki a gidajensu da kuma Apartments. Kuma a sa'an nan, matsa zuwa makamashi yadda ya dace a cikin kamfanoni Sphere.

Saboda haka, Apartment mai shi, wanda yana da wani Hakin - ajiye wutar lantarki, makirci ne.

canza haske kwararan fitila

Daya daga cikin mafi inganci da kuma araha hanyoyin da za a ajiye wutar lantarki a gida - maye gurbin Lagwani haske kwararan fitila da more zamani (LED, mai kyalli, ko halogen). A kan talakawan, da tanadi isa har zuwa 5-6 sau. Wasu iri na zamani fitilu da ƙara rayuwa idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada kayayyakin (har zuwa 10 sau).

Mu dubi makamashi yadda ya dace aji

A lokacin da sayen sabon kayan (musamman ma wadanda jinsunan da cewa suna da matukar high ikon amfani - injin wankin tufafin, misali) bukatar duba, abin da su ne musamman model sigogi (aji) makamashi. Idan muka dauki wannan "stiralki" - ajin A ++ na'urorin da kimanin kashi 20 cikin dari fiye da makamashi m fiye da wadanda cewa ya kasance a cikin A-aji.

Yi amfani da firiji cikin hikima

A da yawa gidajen mafi wutar lantarki-cinyewa irin gida kayan - firiji. Daya daga cikin mafi m cikin sharuddan da hanyoyin samar da makamashi - aiwatar da daskarewa da kuma thawing. Idan firiji an saita zuwa Babu Frost, to, wannan ba dole ba ne, sabili da haka irin wannan na'urar za ta zama mafi makamashi m fiye da na al'ada tsoho. Firiji Babu Frost - a kanta mai girma na'urar don ajiye wuta.

A firiji kamata a located daga kayan, wanda ya zo daga zafin rana (musamman, daga wani dumama bututu). A ke so wadata firiji tukunya da kuma haifar da kunkuntar sarari inda iska wuya circulates. An ba da shawarar zuwa sa har yanzu zafi daga baya abinci a shi.

Cover kubutar da kilowatts

Ban sha'awa al'amari. Lokacin kan wani lantarki Boiled ruwa ba tare da murfin - rasa mai yawa zafi, yin da na'urar da samun wannan yoyon saboda wutar lantarki. Saboda haka daya tasiri zaɓi ya cece wutar lantarki - ruwa tafasa a kan kuka da rufe tukunya da murfi.

Obalodi ko underload - asarar

Yanzu ga wanka da inji. A matakin daga cikin mafi girma makamashi yadda ya dace da aka cimma a wadannan na'urori a ganiya loading wanki (bisa ga fasaha takardun). Idan inji iya rike 5 kg - shi ne sosai kuma bukatar download ga kowane wanka. Idan ka wanki ba da ma'ana bukatar soaking - ba shi aikin. Idan tufafi ne ba datti - za ka iya samun low-zazzabi yanayin (30-35 digiri).

Yadda ya kamata haskaka dakin

Kamar yadda ya zuwa yanzu kamar yadda zai yiwu a dakuna da sauran rai sarari ya kamata a yi amfani da fitilu na gida da mayar da hankali - sconces, bene fitilu. Shi ne mafi kyau ga samar da kowane guda kusurwa na cikin dakin fitilar - ga wani maraice na karatu, ironing. Hada da wani chandelier sa hankali ne kawai idan ya zama dole ya zo ziyarci ko yi da tsaftacewa. Amma kusan ko da yaushe janar lighting za a iya maye gurbinsu da ingantaccen LED tube wanda aka shirya a kan kewaye da garun ko rufi. Su, haka ma, zai yi cikin dakin look more mai salo.

Sintali - kofin

A mafi tattali yanayin na aiki tare da wani lantarki sintali - kawai tafasa ruwa a dole girma. Zuba da na'urar capacitance kuma tafasa gaba daya saboda haka yana da bu mai kyau idan tebur zaune cikin iyali ko zo ziyarci. Ya kamata kuma a lura - sintali tafasa ruwa tare da mafi girma makamashi yadda ya dace fiye da farantin.

tattalin arzikin baƙin ƙarfe

Kan aiwatar da ironing ne mafi kyau kasu kashi uku, saukarwa. A cikin farko (nan da nan bayan da baƙin ƙarfe) - guga abubuwa da cewa ba ka bukatar high yanayin zafi (kamar handkerchiefs, ulu kayayyakin). A na biyu (da zaran baƙin ƙarfe heats up - yawanci a lokacin da haske ke kashe a kan shi) - kawai ne ga waɗanda suke da kyau otglazhivayutsya zafi baƙin ƙarfe (shirts, wando). Mataki na uku na shi ne don kashe baƙin ƙarfe daga soket da dogladit wadanda abubuwa da suke kusa da halaye na safa da ulu.

Energy Lokaci Management

A birane da yawa a Rasha akwai abin da ake kira da dare wutar lantarki tariffs (su ne yawanci 30-40% rahusa fiye da rana). Shi ya sa hankali don amfani da wannan, kuma sun hada da, misali, wata Injin, multivarku (kuma idan zai yiwu - da kuma sauran na'urori) ajiye elektroenerii kawai a lokacin da sa'o'i lokacin da wadannan kudaden ne aiki. Wasu iri na'urorin suna daidai saba da wannan manufa. Alal misali, kusan dukan zamani da inji kuma stoves suna sanye take da jinkiri farkon yanayin - daidai lokacin fara daga wanka ko dafa abinci za a iya kaddara.

Savings - biyu a kan allo

TV da kwamfuta, aiki a part-time yanayin, backlight, cinye yawa ƙasa da makamashi fiye da cikakken aiki haske. Savings na akalla 5%. Saboda haka, idan zai yiwu, kana bukatar ka kunna wannan yanayin. In mun gwada kwakwalwa "barci" da "jiran aiki" halaye ƙirƙira ga wani dalili. A lokacin da wutar lantarki amfani da na'urar da aka rage zuwa m.

dada waster

Abin mamaki, daya daga cikin mafi makamashi-cinyewa kayan a cikin zamani Rasha Apartments ne a caja domin wayar na'urar (smartphone, kwamfutar hannu). Wannan shi ne duk da kananan adadin ikon (game 5-10 watts). The abu ne cewa, masu suna consistently saba shukawa da na'urar a cikin soket. Saboda haka wadannan suna fadin 5-10 watts gaba daya kada a gane shi a karshen watan "wind da" adadin makamashi, m ga cewa ta cinye chandeliers. Wajibi ne a kashe cajar zuwa ajiye wutar lantarki.

Vacuuming - tsabta da kuma injin tsabtace

Injin tsabtace tare da tsabta, shãfe haske kura tara aiki game da 40% m cikin sharuddan makamashi fiye da wanda tank sosai gidan ya toshe, ko yana da wani crack. 40% daga 1500-2000 watts (as wani talakawan cinye injin cleaners) - shi ne m tare da adadin "wind da" duk fitilun shigar a cikin Apartment.

A size daga cikin kwanon rufi yana da darajar

Idan lantarki kuka sa da jita-jita, kasan wanda diamita ne tsananin yayi daidai da girman da burners, shi zai kara samar da makamashi yadda ya dace da dafa abinci tsari da 5-10% kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da wani yanayin inda jeri na tukwane da farantan ne "bazuwar". Yana da muhimmanci a yi kasa na jita-jita da ya lebur. Wani tip: da zarar ruwan da aka Boiled, shi wajibi ne don nan da nan canzawa daga low zafin jiki da ikon ceton yanayin (dumama sama 100 digiri ba zai iya tafi - za kawai ƙafe ruwa da kuma samar da makamashi - ciyar).

Makamashi ceto gida: m fasahar

The masu na zamani Rasha Apartments iya ji dadin da dama na'urorin, kyale ajiye wutar lantarki. Popular, musamman dimmers (dimmers kuma ake kira).

Wadannan na'urori suna shigar maimakon na kewaye-hutu. Suna taimaka wa smoothly daidaita haske matakin na haske (a na'urorin saka controls da irin ƙarfin lantarki amfani da fitilar ƙarfin lantarki). Idan, ka ce: Shin, a cikin wani dakin shigar 100-Watt fitilu, da dimmer damar domin halin da ake ciki "maida" su a cikin 30-Watt. Ko, ka ce, 80-Watt. Dimmer - a na'urar don ajiye wuta, wadda sake bitar bayyana wannan sabuwar dabara a matsayin sosai high-tech.

A ƙashin gaskiya game da haske-emitting diodes

LED - Banana kashi iya samar da gudana daga haske, yin amfani da wani yawa karami halin yanzu makamashi fiye da wata al'ada lagwanin. LED fitila - wannan na'urar don ajiye wuta, wadda sake bitar da ta dace, sosai tabbatacce.

Babban tambaya cewa moriyar Rasha masu amfani - bayan ko real tanadi lokacin da installing lighting na'urorin dogara ne a kan LEDs? Kamar yadda ya zuwa yanzu kamar yadda ta ne palpable? Masana, ba a ta da tushe, mu sau da yawa gaskata da abũbuwan amfãni daga LEDs haka.

Kwarara da haske da aka auna a musamman raka'a - lumens. Al'ada Lagwani fitilar samar game da 14 lumens da 1 Watt na lantarki da makamashi da cewa ta ci. Kyalli makamashi-ceton fitilar - game da 61 lumens. LED - game 100. Saboda haka zalla a zahiri wannan na'urar bypasses su gargajiya "fafatawa a gasa".

Gwada yin aiki tare da lambobin. Kai da talakawan kasuwar luminaire, a cikinsa sa na makamashi-ceton fitilu 5. A wani shekara, shi jan game da 330 kilowatts (idan ya jũya a kan for 12 hours a rana). A ce kilowatt halin kaka 5 rubles, (sunã cẽwa daidai nawa wutar lantarki a Rasha a kan talakawan, shi ne wuya, sosai babban, regionalization tariffs). Sai maigidan haya zai biya 1650 rubles. Yanzu mu yi lissafin for LED fitilu. An inganci na aboki lumens da Watt (61 zuwa 100), a ceton kusan 1000 rubles. Kuma wannan daya ne kawai fitilar, wanda ya Apartment iya zama da dama.

Wannan ke game dubi LED kewaye.

Makamashi yadda ya dace LED fasahar m: yayin da Lagwani kwararan fitila maida wani gagarumin yawan wutar lantarki a cikin zafi (zafi kwan fitila da kuma dalilin da ya sa), da ya jagoranci ne kusan gaba daya sabobin tuba da wutar lantarki zuwa ga haske.

Idan muka yi amfani da LED kwararan fitila, makamashi ceto - ba kawai amfani da wadannan na'urorin. Daga cikin sauran amfanin LEDs - dogon sabis rayuwa (kamar sau 50 fiye da Lagwani kwararan fitila). A cikin wadannan iri lighting ne kusan babu cutarwa abubuwa (yayin da a da yawa makamashi-ceton fitilu da Mercury). LEDs ne daidai amenable don gyara na haske (ta amfani da wannan dimmers). Mutane da yawa iri mai kyalli fitilu aiki a cikin yanayin da mai santsi canji a halin yanzu matakin na samar iya ba. LEDs kusan ba flicker, kada kibta kuma bai kãsa karkashin a ci gaba. Kyalli fitilu kamar yadda wadannan effects ne halayyar. LEDs isa cikakken haske watsi ikon kusan instantaneously. Kyalli fitilu yawanci ciyar da ita yan dakikoki kadan. Kuma idan na cikin gida da yawan zafin jiki ne low - da kuma wani lokacin minti.

LEDs emit haske mafi kusa ga hasken rana bakan fiye da kyalli fitila. Wannan za a iya gani ko da ido tsirara. Shi ne isa zuwa ga yadda abubuwa duba a wani dakin da hasken daban-daban na na'urorin. LEDs da yawa ya fi abin da ake kira index of haske watsa (ko CRI).

Domin da yawa gidan haya kome abin da "launi" fentin sarari na cikin dakin a lokacin da ta wucin gadi haske Madogararsa - dumi, tsaka tsaki ko sanyi. A cikin hali na mai kyalli fitilu iya karba na'urar m haske a farko ko na biyu yanayin. Fitilu tare da dumi (yellow) sautunan ne launi zafin jiki na 2700 Kelvin. Tare da tsaka tsaki (fari) - 5000, tare da sanyi (blue tint) - 6500. Hakazalika, wannan damar ba da LEDs. A wannan girmamawa su ne - musanyawa makamashi-ceton fitilu. Haka kuma, wadannan na'urori da kansu iya samar da wani launuka iri-iri.

LEDs ba ƙona fita, sabanin sauran iri fitilu. A tsawon shekaru, suka iya kawai rasa wasu mabukaci Properties, amma sosai smoothly kuma kusan imperceptibly ga mai masauki.

Babban counterargument abokan adawar na yin amfani da LEDs - babban farashin irin wannan na'urorin. Don wasu har wannan gaskiya ne. LEDs ne mafi tsada fiye da Lagwani kwararan fitila da su makamashi-m takwarorinsu. Amma da bambanci ba kamar shi ne 'yan shekaru da suka wuce, a lokacin da LEDs kawai zo a kan kasuwar - tun suna da muhimmanci mai rahusa. La'akari da wani sauki misali, wanda sannan za a nuna cewar masu shakka sunyi.

Iskar Wutar fitilar (60 Watt) Kudinsa 30 rubles.

Kyalli Energy (bayarwa guda luminous juyi, cinyewa game da 12 watts) - 150 rubles.

LED (da samar da wannan haske tsanani, cinyewa 5 watts) - 500 rubles.

Nawa ne da wutar lantarki a cikin misali? Ka ɗauki akwati inda farashin mai kilowatt - 3 rubles (wajen - a Moscow). Lighting a Rasha gidãjensu (chandeliers, bene fitilu) ana amfani 8-10 hours a rana. A wani shekara, don haka da fitilar zai ƙone 2920-3650 hours.

Idan lighting maras motsi ne Lagwani kwararan fitila, za su cinye (ninka da shekara-shekara yawan hours a kan wattage) 175-219 kilowatts. Kyalli - 35-44 kW. LED - 14-19 kilowatts.

Ninka da ruble.

A lissafin ga haske ta amfani da kwan fitila - 525-657 goga.

Amfani da wani mai kyalli fitila, mai zai biya 105-132 rubles.

Tare da LED - 44-57 rubles.

Idan aka kwatanta da wani Lagwani fitilar LED biya kanta a cikin shekarar farko. Shakka zai ce: "Abin da game da kyalli samfurin?" Ajiye a total kome. A daya hannun, shi ne - a 60 rubles LED bambancin da zai biya domin kanta a shekaru 8. Amma dubi karewa kwanakin: daga mai kyalli fitila talakawan - 10 dubu hours (game da shekaru 3), yayin da a cikin LED - 50 dubu (game da 15 years) ... Sai dai itace cewa bayan shekaru 10 da mai zai zuba jari a sayan sabon mai kyalli fitilu kamar yadda a cikin LED. Amma wannan shi ne ba tare da shan la'akari net tanadi na wutar lantarki, aiki halin kaka don maye fitilu kuma ado da abũbuwan amfãni - sama mun ambaci cewa, ya jagoranci haske ne mafi cancanta ga rãnã.

Ajiye wutar lantarki a factory

Bayan dauke da zabin domin ceton da wutar lantarki a cikin Apartments, za mu juya ga kasuwanci yankin. Energy-ceton fasahar - a key rarrabẽwa ga kamfanin ta gasa da kwanciyar hankali na kasuwanci model. Ga kowane ruble kirga. Abin da Rasha da kamfanonin da zabin ajiye wutar lantarki?

Abu na farko da ya yi shi ne don sa kamar yadda zai yiwu ainihin ranar counters - makamashi-ceton fasahar farawa a matakin lissafin da budgeting ga wutar lantarki ta halin kaka.

Daga cikin manyan al'amurra na gaba mataki na aiki a kan makamashi yadda ya dace - saya inverters. Wadannan na'urori sa shi yiwuwa a daidaita da da kamfanoni makirci na samar da wutar lantarki ga mutum iri na kayan aiki da za a iya bunkasa su yawan aiki da kuma yadda ya dace. A mita Converter - a na'urar domin ceton da wutar lantarki ratings na wanda gani a babban amfani a cikin aiki da irin qirqire-qirqire da Rasha da kamfanonin.

Frames da aka sani ya shirya kome da kome. Yana da muhimmanci mu inganta yadda ya dace da wutar lantarki amfani a cikin sha'anin tsunduma a wani alhakin mutum (ko kungiyar da ma'aikata). Wani lokaci sunan wannan post sauti kamar "alhakin lantarki masana'antu." Babban aikinsu na wani gwani ne samar da sha'anin ci-gaba fasaha mafita a cikin filin na wutar lantarki tanadi, tabbatarwa na sayi kayan aiki, iko gyara da kuma goyon baya aiki, dace ganewar asali kayan aiki. Har ila yau, a cikin aiki da wani gwani na iya hada da ci gaban aikin da tsare-tsaren koyo da kayan yau da kullum da makamashi da kiyayewa kamfanin. Don taimaka da gwani akawu za a iya aiko, wanda zai iya tsara biya domin amfani da wutar lantarki a yanzu, ci gaba da statistics a kan makamashi ta halin kaka.

Alhakin lantarki masana'antu ma'aikaci kuma iya ci gaba musamman dokokin, bisa ga abin da ba za a wuce da total ikon amfani ga wani ba lokaci (misali, wata). Yana kuma iya rike kamfanoni events for makamashi yadda ya dace - ma'aikatan jawabinsa, taron. Idan, ka ce, akwai haddi iya aiki (tare da amincewar da kuma amincewa da management ko wasu dacewa ma'aikatan), sa'an nan, a matsayin wani zaɓi, da halin kaka za a biya diyya ta premium ɓangare na albashi na ma'aikatan. Wanne formulations iya zama a cikin dokokin? Alal misali, hada da inadmissibility lighting irin wannan iko, idan haƙiƙa dalilai, gaskiyar ita ba.

By misalin da makamashi yadda ya dace apartments da kuma gidaje za a iya kawota (inda zai yiwu) mai kyalli, ko LED fitilu.

Wanne na'urar ajiye ikon iya isar da wani shiri? A amfani zaɓi - shigarwa na RCD (saura yanzu na'urar) a matsayin wani ɓangare na kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki ta tsarin. Ba za mu iya cewa shi ne mai cikakken na'urar don ajiye wuta. Amma shi ba ka damar rage da yiwuwar lantarki yayyo a cikin wayoyi. Yana da amfani kuma shigar da SCP (na'urorin ga taushi farko). A matsayin wani zaɓi - a tare da tare da RCD. Yana za a iya gani, a nuna, cewa UPP - shi ne mai na musamman na'urar don ajiye wuta. Yana ba ka damar gudanar da masana'antu kayan aiki, rage alama na zafi fiye da kima injuna shigar da shi, shigar da mafi kyau cikin sharuddan ikon amfani aiki yanayin.

Kafin tunanin kan saya wani tsada na'urar don ajiye wuta a cikin sha'anin, kana bukatar ka gani idan albarkatun ba kai tsaye alaka da high fasahar hannu. A akasin wannan, wani lokacin da damar ajiye a kan wutar lantarki, da suka ce, ya ta'allaka ne a kan surface. Ba kome nawa kayan aiki, wanda shi ne wani zane na na'ura ajiye makamashi, abin da su ne nuances na shigarwa da kuma aiki. A sauki misali: muhimmanci inganta makamashi yadda ya dace iya fenti da ganuwar, ceilings da benaye ofisoshin da kuma samar da wurare a haske launuka. Wannan zai rage girman mita na fitilar aka kunna idan titi yana akalla da yamma ko farkon safe sunshine kuma kusan kawar da bukatar, idan haske - hasken rana. A wannan mahallin, kana bukatar ka an goyon bayan akwatin ofisoshin da kuma masana'antu gabatarwa tsabta. Masana sun kira da adadi na 5-10% - a saving saboda m gilashi. Kamar yadda ka gani, babu jari a tsada na'urorin, amma sakamako ne.

Yana yiwuwa a yi wani tsarin da cewa ta atomatik iko lighting na'urorin (gaban na'urori masu auna sigina, zango da kuma sauransu. D.).

Babu bukatar ajiye a kan zuba jari a sabon iri na lantarki injiniya da kuma masana'antu kayan aiki. Ya kamata a fahimci cewa babban ɓangare na duniya ta manyan brands manyan raya kasuwanni ga kasashen da wani tsada sosai da wutar lantarki. A Rasha, kamar yadda muka sani, wutar lantarki, godiya ga hada ikon tashoshin da diversification (akwai makaman nukiliya, hydro, thermal ikon shuke-shuke), mai rahusa fiye da a mafi kasashen turai. Wajibi ne a saka idanu da kasuwar na zamani aukuwa a fagen makamashi yadda ya dace.

Wajibi ne a yi da dokoki da wanda ma'aikatan ofisoshin kamata amfani da kwakwalwa. Yana iya ƙunsar, misali, irin wannan umarnin:

- idan za ka bukatar ka matsa daga wurin aiki - don saka kwamfutarka a "barci" yanayin, juya kashe allo.
- Koyausha kashe da copier, printer da kuma na'urar daukar hotan takardu, idan kuma ba zã a yi amfani da (tun ma a yanayin jiran aiki, wadannan irin ofishin kayan cinye makamashi).
- ba don hada da wani haƙiƙa bukatar iska conditioners, heaters.

Ajiye duniya - da hanya zuwa riba,

Bayan nazarin babban al'amurran dangantawa da yadda makamashi tanadi kasance a cikin sha'anin, la'akari da cikakken al'amurran da wutar lantarki amfani da lighting maras motsi. Bisa kididdigar da, game da 10% (da kuma a wasu yankunan - fiye da 30% na Rasha masana'antu da kuma shuke-shuke da halin kaka na wutar lantarki amfani, ya zama dole biya takardar kudi ga haske.

Mene ne ikon ceton hanyoyin kamar yadda amfani da hasken haske? Masana sun kira dama key.

Na farko, da lighting tsarin a cikin masana'antu ya kamata a yi amfani da tunanin mutuntaka. Ba za mu iya ba da damar wani ɓangare na factory rufe more iko kwararan fitila fiye da sauran yankunan.

Na biyu, ba za mu iya ba da damar da matakin na lantarki ƙarfin lantarki a kamfanoni da cibiyoyin sadarwa da aka fi yadda da maras muhimmanci (ko a kasa). A cikin farko idan da za a cika elekroenergii, a karo na biyu - da haske fitarwa an rage, wanda zai iya adversely shafi wasan kwaikwayon.

Abu na uku, shi ne a ke so zuwa wasu nodes a cikin sha'anin Gudun a kan komai. Wajibi ne a saita sauyawa ya zama a manual ko atomatik yanayin, musaki da kuma taimaka mutum kungiyoyin na lighting na'urori. Sanya aiki da kai da kuma rage wuya da matakan yanke shawara a cikin makamashi yadda ya dace da muhimmanci sosai, tun lokacin, ban da ceton wutar lantarki, akwai kuma wani na musamman masana'antu ayyuka.