Nau'in sirri m kayan aiki. Norms na sirri m kayan aiki

Human gabobin suna sosai m zuwa waje cutarwa dalilai. Yadda za a kare su cikin sharuddan samar, da kuma a irin wannan hanyar da shi yiwuwa a magance al'amarin? Wannan shi ne cimma ta yin amfani da hanyar kariya daga duka biyu mutum da na gama, ko da yake karshen ne yawanci ba musamman tsaya a waje.

Mene ne PPE?

Yana tehsredstva ga cikakken kariya ko rage daukan hotuna na ma'aikatan aikin sana'a da dalilai, halin da harmfulness da kuma (ko) da hadarin ga mutane (da Labor Code, art. 209).

PPE ake bukata a lokacin da ma'aikacin lafiya ba a bayar da wani zane na fasaha kayan aiki, fasahar samar da gama m kayan aiki (misali, shuka-fadi da tsarin na iska, ƙura kau, da sauransu.).

All sirri m kayan aiki dole ne bi da fasaha na Taruwar kwastam Union "A Safety PPE» TR CU 019/2011.

A gargajiya rarrabuwa na sirri m kayan aiki

Akwai biyu fuskanci wannan rarrabuwa. A farko daga gare su, kamar yadda wani rarrabuwa alama da aka zaba mutum sashin jiki ko tsarin na jiki, kare PPE ake nufi. Saboda haka, na sirri m kayan aiki numfashi (RPE) kare miciwa, idanu - SIZG, fata - SIZK. Bugu da ari, a cikin dukan waɗannan azuzuwan na PPE asirce su subclasses a kan tushen da m sakamako (msl, tace RPD isolating SIZK et al.). Wannan shi ne na gargajiya rarrabuwa, yana da asali kuma daga tsohon Soviet tsarin na aiki kariya.

Modern rarrabuwa na PPE

New rarrabuwa na sirri m kayan aiki a waccan mujalla da muka fasaha dokokin hawa gina a kan filaye da hadura, domin kariya daga abin da suke ake nufi. Ga jerin wadannan dalilai, kowanne daga abin da aka tsara don kare wani rukuni na PPE:

1. Mechanical dalilai.

1.1. A gaskiya inji dalilai:

- punctures da kuma cuts.

- abrasion.

- amo.

- vibration.

- da yiwu kãmun motsi sassa na kayan.

- naushe zuwa sassa daban-daban na jiki;

- a fall daga tsawo.

1.2. Janar masana'antu gurbatawa.

1.3. Ruwa da ruwa-ruwa surfactant mafita.

1.4. Non-mai guba turbaya:

- fiberglass da asbestos turɓãya,

- m, krupnofraktsionnaya kananan sulusi da murabba'i da ƙura.

1.5. M saman:

- rufe tare da mai da kuma wani mai film.

- garin kankara.

2. Himfaktory:

2.1. Mai guba da sinadarai depleting ne ba a dukan jihohi na tari.

2.2. Acidic mafita.

2.3. Alkaline mafita.

2.4. Organic kaushi, kuma Paint da varnish kayayyakin.

2.5. Mai, mai kayayyakin, fats da mai.

3. Biofactors:

3.1. Microbes.

3.2. Kwari.

4. radiation dalilai:

4.1. Gurbatawa.

4.2. Radiation.

5. Temperatuur dalilai, tartsatsi da spatters.

6. Electric baka kadan radiation (ciki har da bude wuta), lantarki asara, sakamakon electromagnetic filayen da rikicewar lantarki.

7. Rage ganuwa.

Ba zato ba tsammani, a kowane na sama kungiyoyin PPE rarrabuwa da aka gudanar a kan tushen da kare jikin mutum ko da kwayoyin tsarin. Saboda haka, a cikin PPE Group ga kariya daga himfaktorov bayyana RPE da SIZG, da kuma kungiyar na kariya da inji dalilai - sirri m kayan aiki ga kafafu, hannaye, shugaban, fuska.

Special sirri m kayan aiki

Idan muka yi la'akari da sirri m kayan aiki ga ma'aikata, akwai daban-daban iri iri na kayan da takalma. Wannan tufafi za a iya kawai tsara don kare ma'aikatan daga masana'antu gurbatawa na wani janar yanayi ko musamman tsara don haka kamar yadda su hana ta kama da motsi sassa na inji da kuma promustanovok, ko za a yi daga masana'anta da cewa shi ne resistant zuwa abrasion.

Overalls da kare kungiyar 5 kamata ba ƙona kuma smolder a wani bude wuta ga 30 seconds, dole ne resistant zuwa narkakkar azurfa bangaye a lokacin 30-50 seconds. Takalma domin kare kungiyar 5 kamata hana ingress na Weld spatter kuma ƙone baxini daga takaice dai lamba tare da wani bude wuta.

Yana yana da wani musamman zane tufafi domin kariya daga radiation. Ya kamata ba za a unduly dagula, da kuma lokacin da cire ko sa a kan - don ƙirƙirar wani hadarin samu ta rediyoaktif fallout. Lokacin da ruwa da kuma deactivation spetsrastvorami irin wannan tufafi da aka tsara don hana wicking har zuwa minti 10. A kayan na wanda shi ne sewn, dole ne resistant zuwa dama m samu da kuma decontamination hanyoyin.

Modern numfashinsu

Personal m kayan aiki numfashi - shi ne ya fi kowa a cikin masana'antu da kuma a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum irin PPE. Daga cikin su, tare da duk sanannun masana'antu respirators da gas masks (tace, rufi da tiyo), a yau akwai sabon RPE. Wadannan sun hada da kai-ma'aikatan ceto da kuma kare numfashinsu - spetsustroystv kare numfashi tsarin daga daban-daban lalatattu yanayin. Kai-ma'aikatan ceto rightfully za a iya sanya musamman RPD, kamar yadda suke ba tsara don masana'antu amfani, da kuma ake amfani da shi don gaggawa fitarwa na zones technogenic fama, hayaki da kuma wuta, kazalika a gaggawa yanayi, ya sa ta hanyar guba abubuwa, rediyoaktif turɓãya da m bioveschestvami.

iri na kai-ma'aikatan ceto

Da tace kai-ma'aikatan ceto suna inganta tace masks, harshen wuta resistant kaho sanye take da wani dubawa taga. Suna maida shi musamman domin yin amfani da mutane da dogon gashi, high gashi, sanye da tabarau.

Insulating kai-ma'aikatan ceto exhalation kayayyakin janye daga jiki da kuma ciyar da tsarkake iska da kuma dace da inhalation. Irin wannan na'urorin iya aiki daga šaukuwa oxygen cylinders ko matsa iska. Dace da wannan sirri na numfashi kariya ga aikin biyu a cikin ruwa kafofin watsa labarai, da kuma a cikin anoxic gas kafofin watsa labarai a cikin wani bude zagayowar tare da fitarwa cikin yanayi exhalation kayayyakin.

Akwai kai-ma'aikatan ceto da kuma insulating rufe sake zagayowar tare da sha na numfashi da sinadaran dawo da kayayyakin. Lokacin da wannan samfurin da aka saki daga regenerative chemically daure oxygen domin numfashi. Irin wannan na'ura za a iya adana dogon lokaci a cika shiri da kuma ci gaba da kawo.

Wutar Lantarki kariya na'urorin

Nau'in PPE na zuwa Kariya Group 6 da kuma united kowa sunan "Electric Boats" yana da halaye. A nan, a matsayin rarrabuwa alama da aka zaba a hanyar da nufin damar da ma'aikaci kariya daga waje tasiri. Saboda haka, idan kariya ne da za'ayi ta hanyar na'urar rufi ma'aikacin ta jiki daga conductive sassa na kayan aiki, da wakili nasa ne da rukuni na insulating PPE wanda, bi da bi, ya kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyin: na asali da kuma ci-gaba da kayayyakin aiki.

Idan abin hawa da ke sa shi ba zai yiwu ba, ko da wuya don samun damar ma'aikacin zuwa wadannan sassa na kayan aiki, shi yana nufin wani rukuni kare PPE. Samar da cikas ga yaduwa daga electromagnetic filayen a cikin nau'i na daban-daban fuska ne mai nuni da tsare PPE kungiyar. Kuma a karshe, idan aiki ne a wajen gargaɗi ga ma'aikaci kashedi game da hatsari ga shi ko da abokan aiki, shi nasa ne da kungiyar gargadi PPE.

nauyi na ma'aikata game da PPE

Masu daukan ma'aikata suna doka ta buƙata don sayan da kuma batun zuwa yin amfani da sirri m kayan aiki da ma'aikata. A daidai wannan PPE kamata kusanci ma'aikata game da su girma, size da kuma jinsi, da kuma manufa dole ne hadu da yanayi da kuma yanayin aiki.

Daya daga cikin manyan matsayin cewa ayyana bukatun ga saye tsari, tsari na batun, da dokokin yin amfani da ajiya, kazalika da kula da PPE ne Cross-masana'antu dokokin tabbatar da ma'aikata overalls, da takalma da kuma sauran sirri m kayan aiki, ya yarda da su Order na Ma'aikatar lafiya ta kasar Rasha daga 01.06.2009 yawan 290H.

Hankula dokokin kasashen da free bayar da PPE

Amma ga tattalin arziki da kuma ga kowane mutum sassa na norms bayarwa sirri m kayan aiki gano a wani yawan dokokin bayar da tarayya jikin zartarwa ikon, babban wadanda suke da umarni da yanke shawara na Ma'aikatar lafiya ta kasar, kazalika da umarni da dokoki na ya gada a cikin mutum na Ma'aikatar {wadago da Social Development. A cikakken jerin wadannan nagartacce za a iya samu a yanzu data kasance Ma'aikatar {wadago da Social Kariya na Rasha Federation.

A Labor Code damar ma'aikata a yarjejeniya tare da kungiyar kwadago kwamitocin Enterprises to kafa nasu dokoki na bayarwa sirri m kayan aiki domin inganta mataki na kariya na ma'aikata.

Jihar sufetocin a kan aiki da kuma kungiyar kwadago kwamitoci da dama da kariya daga Enterprises, don gudanar da canji na PPE ma'aikata jinsunan kunshe a cikin misali dokoki a kan sauran domin tabbatar da mafi kariya na ma'aikata. Wadanda iri PPE, da bayar da abin da ba su samar da samfurin rates PPE, za a iya sanya ta ma'aikata da ma'aikata a wurin aiki, da bokan ga yarda da aiki da dokokin.

Sharuddan amfani da PPE

Dokokin a kan aiki kariya a Rasha Federation bukatar ma'aikatan su daidai amfani da PPE bayar a gare su, da kuma ma'aikata - dauki matakan hana su yin aiki ba tare da PPE ko m PPE, kazalika da karkatattun da kuma datti tufafi, safar hannu da takalma. Ma'aikata dole ne kula da aka ba su a cikin yin amfani da sirri m kayan aiki. A aikace-aikace da shawara cewa ma'aikatan dole sanar da m na bukatar a gyara ko gwada PPE, shirya tufafi da takalma ta hanyar dokokin azurta interbranch yawan 290H hanyoyin.

Ba da ma'aikata RPE da PPE kare da faduwa daga wani tsawo, da m dole ne gudanar da wani umarnin a kan dokoki na amfani, kazalika da horar da ma'aikata a su yi amfani da.

Wutar Lantarki kariya na nufin mutum kariya ma'aikata kamata a hõre inji da lantarki yi gwaji tsananin cikin sharuddan da aka shimfiɗa dokoki game da amfani.