Nau'in kwayoyin halitta - tushen da binciken kwayoyin sunadarai

Za ka iya ganin yadda rarrabuwa na daban-daban Organic da inorganic abubuwa a mika mulki daga inorganic to kwayoyin sunadarai. Duniya yana da dama hanyoyin gudanar da mahadi da kuma manyan yawan bambance-bambancen karatu daga gare shi. Nau'in kwayoyin abubuwa ba kawai taimaka wajen fahimtar wannan yawa, amma kuma ya kawo wata hujja a kimiyance domin su yi karatu.

A matsayin dalilin da rarraba hanyoyin gudanar da mahadi a azuzuwan zaba ka'idar sinadaran tsarin. Organic akai nazari ne aikin da most aji, wanda ake ce da farko zuwa kwayoyin abubuwa - hydrocarbons. Sauran wakilan duniya na organics suna bi a matsayin Kalam. Lalle ne, a cikin binciken na su tsari ne ba wuya a ga cewa haduwa da wadannan abubuwa ya auku, ta hanyar canzawa (maye) na wani hydrocarbon tsarin da kuma wani lokacin dama hydrogen atoms a kan raka'a sauran abubuwa, da kuma wani lokacin a kan dukan zaren radicals.

Nau'in kwayoyin abubuwa dauka a matsayin dalilin hydrocarbons da kuma mafi saboda saukin da tsarin, da kuma hydrocarbon bangaren shi ne mafi muhimmanci na da mafi yawan sani gudanar da mahadi. Don kwanan wata, duk aka sani da sinadarai, da suka shafi duniya da kwayoyin mahadi da cewa su ne bisa da carbon-hydrogen bond, da wani gagarumin predominance. Duk sauran abubuwa ko suna a cikin 'yan tsirarun, kyale a gudanar da su a cikin category na ware ga general mulki, a don haka m cewa su ne wuya a samu, har ma a zamaninmu.

Nau'in kwayoyin abubuwa ta rarraba a cikin raba kungiyoyin da azuzuwan damar zuwa zaži biyu manyan aji na Organic acyclic da cyclic mahadi. Su sosai sunan sa ya yiwu a zana a ƙarshe game da irin shiri na kwayoyin. A cikin farko idan na hydrocarbon sarkar links, kuma a karo na biyu - da kwayoyin ne a zobe.

Acyclic mahadi iya zama branched kuma iya hada wani sauki sarkar. Daga cikin sunayen wadannan abubuwa za a iya samu da magana "m, ko aliphatic hydrocarbons." Sun iya iyakance (ethane, isobutane, ethyl barasa) ko unsaturated (ethylene, acetylene, isoprene), dangane da irin dangane da wasu carbon raka'a.

Nau'in kwayoyin abubuwa na zuwa cyclic mahadi, kara rabuwa yana nufin a su carbocyclic kungiyar da kuma heterocyclic hydrocarbon kungiyar.

Carbocyclic "zobe" hada kawai na carbon atoms. Suna iya zama alicyclic (cikakken kuma unsaturated), kazalika da wani aromatic carbocyclic mahadi. A alicyclic mahadi auku kawai gama gẽfe guda biyu na carbon sarkar, amma aromatic Tsarin suke a cikin abin da ake kira benzene zobe wanda yana da tasiri a kan dũkiyõyinsu.

A heterocyclic abubuwa iya saduwa da sunadaran da sauran abubuwa, mafi sau da yawa shi ne aiki na nitrogen.

A gaba bijiro da batun kafa kashi cewa rinjayar da kaddarorin kwayoyin abubuwa, shi ne kasancewar aikin kungiyoyin.

Domin a halogenated hydrocarbon matsayin aikin kungiyar za su iya aiki shi kadai, har ma fiye da halogen kwayoyin halitta. Alcohols samun dũkiyõyinsu saboda gaban gidroksogrupp. Domin aldehydes halayyar alama ne gaban aldehyde kungiyoyin to ketones - carbonyl kungiyoyin. Carboxylic acid ne halin a cewa suna dauke da carboxyl kungiyoyin da amines mallaka wani amino kungiyar. Domin nitro mahadi halin da gaban da nitro kungiyar.

A iri-iri iri hydrocarbons, kazalika da dũkiyõyinsu, dangane da daban-daban irin hade. Alal misali, abun da ke ciki sun hada guda kwayoyin biyu ko fiye m, wani lokacin daban-daban aikin kungiyar ta kayyade musamman Properties daga cikin abu (aminoacetic acid, glycerol).

Ba mafi girma ganuwa zuwa la'akari (da rarrabuwa na Organic abubuwa) tebur, wanda sauƙi za a iya kafa a kan tushen da bayanai dauke a cikin rubutu na wannan labarin.