Methane, acetylene ana amfani da fadi da dama halayen da masana'antu darajar

A cikin jerin hydrocarbons, methane, acetylene, taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannoni daban daban na sinadaran masana'antu. Da farko da methane bai wakiltar wani m amfani. Sai aka kira shi da kuma fadama da damp a wurin, inda aka fi sau da yawa samu a yanayi. Yawanci, wannan fili ya ba da matsala saboda su jiki da kuma sinadaran Properties. Colorless kuma odorless methane iya haifar da wani mutum da wani kadan indisposition, kuma ko da tsanani da guba. Amma sosai damuwa na da ikon kawo gas gauraye da iska ta samar da wata flammable hadaddiyar giyar da manyan hallakaswa damar iya yin komai.

Duk da cewa da methane samu da yawa hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da, samar da wannan abu da masana'antu da babu amfani. A gaskiya wannan connection ne ba kawai kowa a cikin yanayi, amma shi ne wani abokin (gefen) kayayyakin a daban-daban fasaha matakai na zamani sinadaran masana'antu.

Berthelot a 1860, ya iya gudanar da dauki, wanda baya samu gagarumin masana'antu muhimmancin. Amma a cikin waɗannan kwanaki, wani tsari da damar a gudanar da wani sinadaran shift methane> acetylene, bai samu yawa babbar sha'awa. Gaskiyar cewa bukatar tabbatar akwai isasshen a acetylene carbide kuma Hanyar ta samar.

Modern sinadaran masana'antu ya tarar mutane da yawa hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da na acetylene. Wannan gas sabon, da kuma yin amfani da shi a cikin haske sinadaran fitilu, da kuma amfani a yi na wani m iri-iri da magunguna. Acetylene da'awa a samun wani m iri-iri m mahadi da acetic acid, ethyl barasa da kaushi, roba da kuma aromatic hydrocarbons. A buɗi na nasarori karni na ashirin da aka yi amfani da acetylene a samar da polymers.

An zarafi lokaci zuwa tuna da sinadaran hira da methane - acetylene. Elektrokreking da thermo-oxidative fatattaka - sunan da zamani fasaha matakai cewa haifar ne acetylene daga methane. A cikin tsohon harka, da methane gas jet ya wuce ta wayoyin karkashin zafin jiki na 1600 ° C da hanzari sanyaya. Aiwatar da biyu Hanyar for tana mayar methane - acetylene, m hadawan abu da iskar shaka, ni'ima zafi saki daga m konewa na acetylene.

A samar sarkar, methane, acetylene, acetaldehyde karshe abu zo ta hanyar hydration dauki na acetylene, wanda aka baya kira dauki Kucherov. Industrial Applicability acetaldehyde samu a samar da acetic acid, aldehyde polymers, butadiene yawan kwayoyin abubuwa.

Amma da abu da kanta ne unsafe, acetaldehyde quite mai guba har a lokacin da amfani da fata. Majalisa tsanani iska pollutant, wanda ya kuskure a kona, misali, ta hanyar shan taba ko daga mota exhausts. A babbar adadin shi ne kafa ta zafi magani na daban-daban polymers da kuma robobi.

Next sarkar methane, acetylene, benzene, chlorobenzene ne kara tabbatarwa na aiki amfani a zamani sinadaran masana'antu fadama ko firedamp. Mu ne riga ya saba da halayen cire acetylene. Ya zauna kawai a gudanar da wani trimerization wannan gas, C2H2 hayewa kunna gawayi a zazzabi na 400 digiri Celsius. A sakamakon masana'antu hanya domin samar da benzene ke ethylbenzene, cumene, nitrobenzene da cyclohexane. Game da uku cikin dari na abu ne cinye a cikin shirye-shiryen da mikakke alkyl benzenes. Kashi daya bisa dari na benzene amfani ga kira na chlorobenzene. A saboda wannan dalili, da dauki na ta chlorination. Yanayin da aiwatar ne da yawan zafin jiki a 80-85 ° C da kuma gaban baƙin ƙarfe ko kuwa baƙin ƙarfe chloride.