Menene neurons? Tsarin da kuma aiki na neurons

A jikin mutum ne mai hadaddun tsarin a cikin abin da aikin da aka hannu da yawa raba gyara da kuma raka'a. Externally, da na'urar jiki alama na farko, har ma da m. Duk da haka, idan ka duba zurfi da kuma kokarin gano makircinsu ga wanda akwai wani hulda tsakanin daban-daban jikinsu, to, ku zo da fore juyayi tsarin. Neuron, wanda shi ne babban aikin naúrar na cikin tsari, da abubuwa a matsayin watsawa na sinadaran da na'urar hasken dake fitowa. Duk da waje kama zuwa wasu Kwayoyin, shi aikin more hadaddun da m ayyuka wanda support yana da muhimmanci ga psychophysical mutum aiki. Ga fahimtar wannan tsoka mai amsa sigina kamata magance ta zane, aiki da ka'idojin manufofin.

Menene neurons?

A neuron ne na musamman cell abin da yake iya samun da kuma sarrafa bayanai cikin wani tsari na hulda da sauran tsarin da kuma aikin raka'a na juyayi tsarin. Yawan wadannan rabe a cikin kwakwalwa ne ^Nuwamba 10th (ɗaya da ɗari biliyan). Kamar wancan ne wanda neuron iya ƙunsar fiye da 10 tysyach synapses - azanci shine endings, kuma ta wajen abin da intercellular Lambobin faruwa. Ganin cewa a wadannan abubuwa iya daukarsa tubalan cewa zai iya adana bayanai, yana yiwuwa a kammala da cewa da yiwuwar mutum kwakwalwa dauke da sararin yawa na bayanai. Har ila yau, ya kira wani neuron tsarin naúrar na juyayi tsarin, samar da aikin da hankula. Wannan ne, la'akari da wannan cell ya zama kamar wani multifunctional kashi ga bayani na matsaloli daban-daban.

Musamman na tsarin jijiya Kwayoyin

Idan muka kwatanta tsarin neurons tare da sauran Kwayoyin, za mu iya samun dama kamance. Duk da haka, a cikin sharuddan na aiki, ci gaba da kuma ka'idojin wannan musamman abubuwa na jikin mutum. A babban alama neurons ne cewa nan da nan bayan haihuwar su Kwayoyin gushe haifa. Wannan ya bayyana cewa kamar yadda suke girma mazan da yawan rabe iya rage a wasu yankuna na kwakwalwa. Duk da haka, wasu iri neurons bayan haihuwa zai iya muhimmanci ƙara sabon sadarwa, wanda inganta su aikin aiki. Akwai siffofin a cikin tsarin. Gaskiyar cewa da aikin wani mai na tsarin jijiya cell ne da farko mayar da hankali a kan sadarwar manufofin. Saboda wannan dalili, da tsarin samar da wani yawan musamman matakai wadda ke da alhakin yada da kuma samun sakonni.

A tsarin da neurons

Dalili na cell jiki, ciki wanda shi ne wani organelle da core rufi da musamman cell. Mutane daya-daya da hankali tafiyar matakai Kwayoyin gabatar axons da dendrites. Kowane neuron ne mai hadaddun da kuma ci gaba da cytoskeleton, wanda yake shiga a cikin tafiyar matakai. Wannan kashi taimaka wajen kula da cell siffar, da kuma tare da wannan canja wurin aiki ya yi aikin da wasu gabbansa neurotransmitters. Kamar wancan kowane cell yana da wani tsari, amma sun bambanta a size. Alal misali, jiki na iya zama wani neuron a diamita daga 3 zuwa 130 microns. Har ila yau, jijiya rabe iya bambanta a yawan tafiyar matakai. Wasu samfurori, misali, da mahara dendrites, yayin da wasu da ake samu dukan rassan da taimakawa wajen samun karin adadin bayanai. Haka ya shafi cikin axons, wanda bambanta a tsawon.

Kan aiwatar da kafa neurons

Kowane neuron yana da wani cell-gada, wanda ya tsaya rarraban kafin su zama na farko da mafita tafiyar matakai. Duk da haka, da siffofin da wannan tsari suna talauci gane. A cewar da yawa masu bincike, da axon ya bayyana da farko, ya bi ta hanyar samuwar dendrites shi. A ƙarshen kafa tsari akwai thickening, wanda kara paves "reluwe" a cikin kewaye nama. Yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa irin wannan neurons a cikin juyayi tsarin? Wannan kananan tsarin da kuma aikin naúrar, wanda darajar aka ƙaddara ta tafiyar matakai. Azahiri, irin wannan reshe kama katakai na bakin ciki spines kauri daga game da 0.2 microns. Kamar wancan ne a microspikes tsawon iya isa 50 microns. A jinkiri tsakanin irin matakai cika pleated membrane.

neurons ayyuka

Akwai wasu ayyuka da cewa yin neurons. A musamman, da azanci shine Kwayoyin bambanta a ji na ƙwarai to daban-daban samuwar kasashe. Wadannan rabe ne ba a cikin fata, harshe, tsoka, kuma t. D. The sel da irin wannan damar da mutum ya ji zafi, zafin jiki da tsakaitãwa, matsa lamba, kazalika da kamshi da kuma dandani. Duk da haka, don cikar gane abin da neurons da ya sa suke zama dole, ya kamata a yi la'akari ba kawai a dauki ga samuwar kasashe. Bugu da ari azanci shine Kwayoyin, akwai mota neurons, haramta motsa jiki ta tsokoki. Akwai wani muhimmanci rukuni na rabe aiki a matsayin mahada tsakanin motor kuma azanci shine Kwayoyin. Yana interneurons, wanda ya samar da da tsakiya m tsarin.

iri neurons

Babban rarrabuwa yana nufin rabuwar neurons a kan wani tsarin akai. A musamman, malamai sun gano bezaksonnye, psevdounipolyarnye, unipolar, bipolar da multipolar neurons. Dole ne in ce cewa wasu daga cikin wadannan jinsuna har yanzu kadan gane. Wannan ya shafi bezaksonnym Kwayoyin wanda ake harhada tare a cikin laka. jãyayya unipolar neurons ma underway. Akwai ra'ayoyin cewa irin wannan Kwayoyin kuma ba su kasance a cikin jikin mutum. Idan muka magana game da abin da neurons a cikin jiki ne mamaye mafi girma yake, sa'an nan ya zo da fore multipolar rabe. Wannan cell yana da wani cibiyar sadarwa na dendrites da kuma guda axon. Kana iya ce yana da wani classic neuron, ya fi na kowa a cikin juyayi tsarin.

ƙarshe

Na tsarin jijiya Kwayoyin suna da wani na game bangaren na jikin mutum. Shi ne ta hanyar wadannan rabe da aka bayar kullum aiki, da kuma dubban daruruwan sinadaran riwayar a cikin jikin mutum. A halin yanzu mataki na ci gaba da kimiyya ba da amsa ga wata tambaya game da abin da neurons, amma ganye da kuma sarari domin nan gaba binciken. Alal misali, a yau akwai daban-daban ra'ayoyi kan wasu daga cikin nuances na aikin, girma da kuma ci gaban irin wannan Kwayoyin. Amma a cikin wani akwati, da binciken na neurons ne daya daga cikin manyan ayyuka na Neurophysiology. Isar da shi a ce sabon binciken a cikin wannan filin ne iya zubar da haske a kan mafi hanyoyin da za a bi da yawa shafi tunanin mutum da cuta. Bugu da kari, wani zurfin fahimtar neurons aiki ka'idojin za ta taimaka wajen samar da wata hanyar da su ta shafi tunanin mutum da aiki da kuma inganta memory a cikin sabon zamani.