Mene ne wani pathogenic naman gwari?

Fungi ne mai raba mulkin namun daji. Bã su da wani salo da dama: edible, m, mold, yisti, da kuma waɗansu da yawa. Kimiyyar zamani da sani fiye da ɗari biyar jinsunan fungi. Wadannan halittu ko'ina a duniya, ko a cikin mutum. Wasu daga cikin su samu tare da tare da mutane da kuma yi opportunistic pathogens. Pathogenic naman gwari dole haifar da cutar. Ya indulges a cikin yanayi da kuma neman lashe wani wuri a karkashin hasken rana, kazalika da albarkatun domin kara girma da kuma ci gaba. Abin takaici, shi ya cũtar mutum kiwon lafiya.

definition

Pathogenic fungi - pathogens wannan da zurfi da kuma na waje fungal cututtuka a mutane da dabbobi. Wadannan halittu suke kullum dermatophytes ga aji, cewa an ciyar a kan fata. Kadan fiye, akwai kuma ƙananan fungi da actinomycetes.

Bã su da wani takamaiman tropism for tsokoki na dabbobi. Wannan yana nufin cewa epidermis dermatophytes fi son wani m fatar kan mutum, yisti - lymphatic tsarin, Candida - parenchymal gabobin, Aspergillus rayuwa a cikin numfashi tsarin, da kuma actinomycetes son zuwa shirya a cikin kasusuwa.

Sanin wadannan halaye likita iya bambance cutar da rubũta takamaiman magani.

Nau'in pathogenic fungi

A mulkin fungi pathogenic fungi ya kasu kashi biyu ƙungiyoyin: slime mold da fungi ba. Last disassembled cikin bakwai azuzuwan, wanda sunayen daidai da muhimmi matakai na raya kasa:

- tsitridomitsety.
- gipotsitridomitsety.
- oomycetes.
- Zygomycetes.
- Ascomycetes.
- bazidomitsety.
- Deuteromycetes.

A farko hudu mambobi samar da wata kungiyar na ƙananan fungi, wasu ne mafi girma, kuma na karshe aji - to ajizai fungi. Mai pathogenic fungi da zai haddasa ciwo a cikin mutane, suna Deuteromycetes.

A Properties na pathogenic fungi

Man yawanci nan da nan ya lura cewa jikinsa kama pathogenic fungi. Spores (naman kaza tsaba) ƙara da dauki wani nau'i na tube, wanda ya ci gaba da girma sirara kuma zuwa ƙarshe juya a Gifu da kuma zama tushen da mycelium. Riga a wannan mataki muhimmanci tsayayya. Hyphae na mafi girma fungi yana da wani bangare, da kuma ƙananan - babu. Hyphae daga daban-daban spores girma, intertwine tare da juna, da kuma kyakkyawan a kan substrate mycelium ke tsiro.

Domin samar da magunguna da kuma bincikowa da pathogenic jinsunan fungi girma a kan gina jiki kafofin watsa labarai, kamar Sabouraud, Czapek-Dox, a kan Mash da wort agar. A wannan alamomin ne PH kasa da bakwai.

Fungal Kwayoyin rufe bangon daga carbohydrates, amma abu na wanda shi ne mai yiwuwa a ƙayyade da jinsin, ya rage daga chitin. Ya ba amsa tare da penicillin da lysozyme, don haka yana da mafi girma virulence a cikin jikin mutum.

Pathogenic fungi resistant to jiki da kuma sinadaran disinfectants. Jiyya na su zai iya sa irreparable lalacewar gabobin da kuma tsarin na mutum, tun da shi na bukatar wani babban taro na kwayoyi a jiki ruwaye. Mai kula far microspores, da kuma akalla - Candida. Selection na kwayoyi da wahala da cewa daya irin fungi daban-daban haduwa da antigens da gubobi, enzymes da kuma sauran abubuwan da pathogenicity har yanzu kasance ba a sani ba.

Musamman cututtuka a cikin mutane

Fungi, pathogenic da mutane, zai iya sa da cutar, wanda za a iya raba bisa ga sarrafawa cikin hudu kungiyoyin:

1. Deep mycoses - da shan kashi na parenchymal gabobin, sepsis, yaduwar spores daga tushen da cutar zuwa makwabciyar nama.
2. Subcutaneous mycoses, su ma subkutannye. Fungi mallakeku da epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous mai, fascia, kuma ko da kashi.
3. Epidermomikozy dermatomycosis ko Kalam bayyana a kan babba fata yadudduka, gashi kuma kusoshi.
4. Na waje mycoses (keratomikozy). Pathogenic fungi a kan fata shafi kawai sashen dutsen corneum da kuma gashi.

A raba rukuni asirce cuta pathogens wanda suke opportunistic fungi. Wannan opportunist cututtuka, wanda ke faruwa a lokacin da na rigakafi da tsaro na jiki da aka raunana, kamar HIV, hepatitis B, ko C, oncological cuta.

Mafi sau da yawa causative jamiái na fungal cututtuka samu a gona, ko kura, don haka yana da muhimmanci a yi aiki a respirators, wanke kayan lambu da kuma ganye, rigar tsabtatawa a cikin gabatarwa. Deep mycoses bayyana bayan inhalation na wakili, da kuma shi wajibi ne cewa spores shigar da rauni surface ga ci gaban da fata cututtuka.

rigakafi

Pathogenic naman gwari da samun a cikin jiki, haddasa wata cascade da halayen na rigakafi da tsarin zama dole don gane kuma a ci gaba antigen takamaiman kariya da shi.

Kamar yadda mai mulkin, duk da namomin kaza - karfi immunogens, don haka sau da yawa mutane suna rashin lafiyan su. Reaction tasowa a cikin irin jinkirta-type hypersensitivity da cytotoxic irin. Bugu da kari, da T-mataimaki Kwayoyin zuwa ta da nama macrophages kawar spores. Humoral martani bayyana a matsayin babban titer antibodies da wanda ƙayyade mataki na kamuwa da cuta, kazalika da kunnawa da dace da ta gargajiya da kuma madadin hanya.

ganewar asali na fungal cututtuka

A mafi sauki hanyar gano pathogenic fungi - bincike da madubin likita. Marasa lafiya shan jini, gamsai kuma fata raunuka, aka yi amfani da on gilashi nunin faifai, stained ko bi da tare da acid, sa'an nan a sanya a cikin haske ko na'urar hange. Wannan hanya damar bincika morphological fasali na pathogen da kuma sanin da bayyanar.

Wani lokaci da dakin gwaje-gwaje shuka namomin kaza a kan zabe kafofin watsa labarai da kuma tsayar da girma da kuma fermenting daban-daban abubuwa. Wannan taimaka tare da biochemical ra'ayi a gane causative wakili.

A mayar da martani ga gabatarwar pathogenic fungi a jinin mutum antibodies bayyana, gaskiyar wanda za a iya ƙaddara da serological hanyoyin. Duk da haka, sakamakon irin wannan hanya ba zai daidai, tun daban-daban na namomin kaza dauke da giciye-amsawa antigens.

A ANNOBA karatu, domin su gane wani ɓangare na yawan jama'ar, wanda ya riga ya yi fungal cututtuka, ta amfani da fata gwaje-gwaje. Yana ba ka damar sanin ko baya ci karo da jiki da irin wannan antigen ko ba. Don gane asali da wannan Hanyar ba za a iya amfani, tun da shi yana da low bayani dalla-dalla.

A HALITTAR Candida

Don kwanan wata, shi kasaftawa 186 jinsunan HALITTAR Candida, amma kawai da wasu daga cikinsu za a sa cuta a cikin mutane. Alal misali, C. albicans, C. pseudotropicalis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. Quillermondii da sauransu.

Wannan opportunistic fungi cewa zaune a cikin mutum gut. Yana tsiro da kyau a muhallin mai arziki a cikin carbohydrates. Mazauna an hada da kananan m Kwayoyin, kõre da mai walƙiya da zaren mycelium. Very da sauri shi ninka a cikin jini a wata al'ada zafin jiki na 37 digiri, riga sa'o'i uku na 'yan dubbai na sabon spores suna kafa hyphae. Germination na sel a nama tare da karfi na gida rigakafi amsa tare da samuwar ruɓaɓɓen jini.

A m mutane da dabbobi a cikin baka rami a 50 bisa dari na lokuta suna sown fungi na HALITTAR Candida, a cikin faeces - kusan ko da yaushe a kan fata da kuma mucous membranes na al'aura fili - to 10 bisa dari. Yana tasowa idan cutar sun fi mayar dogara a kan jihar na rigakafi da kuma endocrine tsarin. Candidiasis iya tsokana miyagun ƙwayoyi far immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, cytotoxic kwayoyi, radiation amai, tsawon lokaci da magani tare da maganin rigakafi, da kuma ciwon daji na baka hana.

Pathogenic fungi sa cuta da ciwon sukari mellitus, tabarbarewa na endocrine gland, da sauransu. Kwanan nan, muhimmanci da karuwar adadin iatrogenic candidiasis bayan m da kuma bincike hanyoyin. Bugu da kari, fata raunuka da kuma mucous fungi na HALITTAR Candida ne daya daga cikin alamomi na AIDS.

Pneumocystis ciwon huhu

Pneumocystis carinii - wani naman gwari cewa, yafi rinjayar da kyallen takarda na numfashi tsarin. Domin kalle ta al'adu Properties bai isa ba al'ada gina jiki kafofin watsa labarai, dole ne ka yi amfani da kaza tãyuna ko m cell al'adu.

Cysts ne zagaye Kwayoyin, wanda ake gani a ciki da basophilic Kwayoyin. Da mazauna kusa balagagge cysts suna ko da yaushe armashi, da matasa da kuma tsaka-tsakin. A gaban hada jikinsu damar masana kimiyya dangana ga aji na Pneumocystis actinomycetes.

Wadannan fungi hanyar ciwon huhu, amma a wasu lokuta na iya haifar da sauran kayan ciki: kodan, saifa, lymphatic tsarin, akan tantanin ido, zuciya, hanta, pancreas, kuma ko da kwakwalwa. Kamuwa da cuta yakan auku a yara tare da rage rigakafi.

aspergillosis

Wannan naman gwari Forms m kore mazauna cewa girma da kyau a jikin mutum zazzabi, amma ba zai iya jure zafin rana. Sau da yawa samu a abinci, itace. Sa m kamuwa bayan bugawa a manyan adadin spores a cikin jiki da abinci, misali burodi. Sau da yawa cutar tasowa na biyu, a kan backdrop na jini pathologies, sarcoma, da tarin fuka, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive. An ba da daukar kwayar cutar daga mutum zuwa mutum.

Mafi sau da yawa shi rinjayar da miciwa, wani lokacin haddasa fata cututtuka kamar eczema. Mycelium kusa necrotic nama a cikin rauni bayyana granulomas. A halayyar alama ne bayyanar cavities a shafi yankunan dake dauke da fungal bukukuwa. A adabi bayyana lokuta na tsari kamuwa da cuta da raunuka na tsakiya m tsarin.