Mene ne Medellin cartel? Medellín Cartel (photo)

A cikin marigayi seventies a garin Medellin, located in Columbia, ya haifar da ci gaba a hodar Iblis cartel. Cikin wadanda suka kafa wannan syndicate kasance da dama Colombian miyagun ƙwayoyi lyãyengiji. Yana wanzu har 1993, lokacin da gwamnatin soke kudancin Amirka, ƙasar da kuma kama mafi yawansu 'yan kungiyar.

Ana zargin da cartel

Mene ne Medellin cartel, Colombians san ganin an. A ranar halittar cartel dauke da bazara na shekarar 1977, a lokacin da wani yawan kananan kungiyoyin mãsu laifi suke mãsu hade a cikin daya. Brothers Ochoa, José Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha da Pablo Escobar kasance babban halittawa da waɗanda suka yi ɗã'a ga duk Medellin cartel. Klaus Barbie - da aka sani Nazi, a cewar wasu da'awar, kuma gudummawar da kafa wannan laifi kungiyar.

Da dabarun da wani laifi kungiyar

Ba kamar sauran Medellin cartel, wanda shugaban san da photo shi ne har yanzu 'yan, qware a cikin wadata da narcotic kwayoyi a karami yawa. Destinations na wadannan kayayyakin su ne kasashen Amurka ta Arewa da kuma Turai. Shugaban cartel Pablo Eskobar miƙa ta abokan ciniki da tabbacin cewa za su sami da oda a kowace hanya, da kuma idan jam'iyyar za ta dakatar da jami'an tsaro, shi zai rama domin su hasarori. Duk abin da ka bukata a cikin wani laifi syndicate ya sadar da kwayoyi akwai: hanya da kuma iska sufuri, jirãge, kuma submarines.

Riba da kuma Structure

Medellin cartel za a iya ranked a matsayin mafi iko da kuma karfi narcotic duniya da kungiyoyi. A heyday, wannan al'umma na'am da samun kudin shiga, wanda zai iya zama har zuwa 60 na dalar Amurka miliyan wata rana. A cikin eighties, da Medellin cartel nuna iko a kan kusan kashi 80 cikin dari na hodar Iblis a duniya. A lokacin ta zama ba, kungiyar ta samu kudin shiga da, bisa ga daban-daban masana, jere daga dubun ga daruruwan biliyoyin dalar Amurka.

A tsarin da cartel ya kasance sosai m. Yana kunshi wani jam'i na kungiyoyin, wanda kowannensu yana da wani takamaiman aiki. Amma babban dalilin da kowane rukunin shi ne isar da kwayoyi zuwa ga makõma. Wadannan kungiyoyin kunshi yafi na Amirkawa, Canadians, Turawa, saboda haka daga gare su akwai da yawa daga labaru da undercover Amurka jamiái.

Pablo Escobar

A shekara talatin da shugaban na laifi al'umma Escobar zama billionaire da wasu kimomi - arziki mutum a duniya, ko a kalla daya daga cikin arziki. Yanayin Pablo Escobar ya haka babbar cewa zai iya iya zuwa da fiye da talatin da kadarori, da arba'in na da motoci, da kansa filin jirgin sama, biyu dozin wucin gadi tafkunan haƙa a kan ƙasa da villa.

fafatawa a gasa,

Kadan iko, amma har yanzu haddasa matsala Medellin cartel wani Colombian syndicate - da Cali cartel. The adawa tsakanin wadannan kungiyoyi da aka damped, sabuwar tsiwirwirinsu ƙarfi. An wannan cartel ya sanya kokarin lalata da kuma lalata kungiyar na Pablo Escobar.

Gwamnatin yaki da laifi Medellin al'umma

Bayan haka, a matsayin masu tilasta doka da hukumomin na Colombia, ya zama sane da kasancewar Medellin cartel da ayyukan, da mahalarta da aka dauka a karkashin kusa kallo. Bayan tattara isa shaida ga la'anta da 'yan sanda aka kama na mahalarta da aka gudanar, bayan da gwaji da aka gudanar, fursunonin sun tafi kurkuku. Amma a cikin waɗannan sun kasance mafi yawa 'yan kasashen waje, ko ta wani hanya related to fataucin miyagun kwayoyi, da Colombians kansu, kuma musamman shugabannin cartel tsakanin fursunonin da aka sosai kananan.

Yarjejeniyar tsakanin Colombia da kuma Amurka

The biyu da rabi na eighties da Colombian cartel ya cin nasara cikin sharuddan iko da dukkan al'umma na kasar. Da rassan da laifi kungiyar ta rufe kusan dukkan duniyoyin da ta rayuwa.

Duk da haka, a lokaci guda ya tsananta gwagwarmaya na Amurka jagorancin fataucin miyagun kwayoyi, da gwamnati a wancan lokacin ya kasance a cikin ikon shugaban kasar Ronald Reagan, wanda ya iya ce, ya ayyana yaki kan miyagun ƙwayoyi barons. Daya daga cikin matakai da aka gaba da yin haka. Amurka da kuma Colombia kammala management yarjejeniya. Bisa ga sharuddan da Colombian tilasta doka da hukumomin da aka zamar masa dole ya extradite zuwa Amurka shugabannin} ungiyoyin da hannu a sayar da harkokin sufuri na narcotic kwayoyi a Amurka.

Irin wannan yarjejeniyar da aka ba a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin Colombian barons. Idan jami'an tilasta bin dokoki kama su da kuma sanya shi a cikin wani Colombian kurkuku, zai zama babu matsala a gare su, saboda sun ji sun kasance a gida akwai kuma quite sauƙi zai iya haifar da karin kasuwanci, da kuma bayan wani gajeren lokaci da kuma bai je free . A hali idan suka aika zuwa kurkuku Amurka, kome kamar miyagun ƙwayoyi iyayengiji ba zai yi nasara ba. Saboda haka, irin wannan yarjejeniya tare da gwamnatin Amurka, Pablo Escobar da sauran shugabannin sun sosai m da kuma kokarin ta kowane hali da Colombian gwamnati soke shi. Daya daga cikin mottos na syndicate shi ne: "Yana da kyau a sa a kabari a Colombia fiye da su zauna a cikin kurkuku Amurka."

Daya daga cikin magoya bayan na yarjejeniya da Amurka sun Colombian Figures a matsayin ministan shari'a Rodrigo Lara Bonilla, kuma dan takarar shugaban kasa Luis Carlos Galan, da yawa daga cikin hakiman Kotun Koli.

Firgitar da kuma tashin hankali

Domin a karfafa matsayinsu, cartel shugabannin fara amfani da hanyoyin da kamar cin hanci da rashawa, wulakanci da ta'addanci da magoya bayan na yarjejeniya. Duk da haka, babu wani daga wannan bai taimaka, kuma a cikin m hare-hare jami'an tsaron Medellin cartel aka rasa da dama na mutane. Mutane da yawa shugabannin cartel ƙungiyõyin aka tilasta tafi a cikin buya ko barin kasar a general, ba da aiki wa maza da shi domin kawar da duk magoya bayan da yarjejeniyar da Amurka. Daga lokacin da yaki ya barke tsakanin syndicate da gwamnatocin kasashen biyu, daga wanda ya kashe mafi yawa m fararen hula. Miyagun ba tsaya a kome. Su underlay nakiyoyin, a wurare daga cikin mafi girma cinkoson mutane. Daga cikin waɗannan su da shopping cibiyoyin, uwa da yaro cibiyar, wuraren da jama'a. A sakamakon haka, da Medellin cartel kashe da kuma sa rauni da dama, dubban talakawa Colombian 'yan ƙasa.

A watan Agusta 1989, mãsu laifi kashe Luis Carlos Galan, wanda shi ne mafi m dan takarar shugaban kasa na Colombia. Shi ne mai mayar da martani da cewa ba da Medellin cartel, Escobar, musamman, da maganar Galan, wanda ya yi wa'adi da su tafi da miyagun ƙwayoyi fataucin a Colombia. Firgitar, bakuncin shugabannin laifi jam'iyya kafin zaben shugaban kasar, ya kara sau da yawa kullum miyagun ƙwayoyi cartel mambobi kashe mutane da yawa halshen hare a daban-daban jama'a wuraren, sanya shahara demonstrative kisan Colombian ma'aikata. Duk wannan da aka directed kawai dole a daina, to dakatar da extradition zuwa Amurka.

The so ga ikon

Abin lura shi ne cewa Pablo Escobar nemi a cikin ikon da'ira na Colombia. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1982 ya kasance a cikin Congress na kasar, inda ya kasance a matsayi na canza majalisar wakilan, cewa an da hannu a cikin tarurruka, idan babban majalisar wakilan fakowa ba. Amma irin wannan matsayi, ba shakka, ga wani m mutum wanda ya ke son ikon da aka bai isa ba. Ya so ya zama shugaban kasa na Colombia. Amma a nan shi ya kasance wani kadan mamaki, tun da, ya saba wa nasa ra'ayin mutane daga gundumomi located waje na Medellin, ba haka popularized shi. A akasin wannan, a cikin wannan Escobar Bogota aka dauke m hali. Game da shi, suka yi gaskiya jita-jita, m ya Inuwa kasuwanci, da kuma wasu 'yan siyasa a bayyane ya bayyana cewa, Escobar ne hodar Iblis Baron. Daga cikin su ya Luis Carlos Galan kuma Rodrigo Lara Bonilla daga baya gudanar da matakan yaƙi da yin amfani da kudi daga fataucin miyagun} wayoyi, a zaben shugaban kasa. wannan sakamakon da aka kawar da jagoran Medellin cartel ikon da m jikin na kasar. Future hanyar nan da aka kama for Escobar, ya aiki a matsayin dan siyasa ya kan.

"Los Pepes"

A farkon wannan ƙarnin na karshe karni, da dama yakin Colombian jami'an kafa kungiya da ake kira "Los Pepes". Da shi shi ne rage tsawon sunan, wanda ke nufin anda abin ya shafa ta Pablo Escobar. Wakilan na kungiyar sun zama dangi da abokai wadanda aka kashe daga hannun mutane na cartel. Bugu da kari, akwai wasu mutane suka ƙi yin laifi, wanda aka gudanar da Medellin cartel. "Los Pepes" tsunduma a tracking da kuma kawar da duk wanda ya ko ta yaya aka hannu a cikin aiki na cartel. A takaice in mun gwada lokaci da kungiyar da aka halakar da fiye da ɗari uku mutane da hannu a cikin aikata laifi syndicate. Wannan, sai su yi magana, da zamantakewa kungiyar na aiki ya sa Colombian miyagun ƙwayoyi cartel muhimmanci lalacewa.

A ƙarshen cartel

Jami'an tsaro da kuma Amurka da aka ma a kan jijjiga, suna za'ayi hare-hare a kan wani syndicate a duk inda. Shafe a matsayin karamin rukuni da ya fi girma shugabanninsu. Ta wajen ona fadi bayyana hodar Iblis dakunan gwaje-gwaje, kazalika da kafofin kansu daga wannan potion - Coca plantations.

A watan Disamba, 1989, daya daga cikin key Figures na Medellin cartel an halaka a kan Estate. Wannan Gilberto Rendon da kuma José Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha, ya kashe kansa a lokacin da 'yan sanda hari.

A shekara daga baya, a hannun jami'an tsaron aikin mika wuya Ochoa, 'yan'uwa. An yi haka a mayar da martani ga wani wa'adi ne bã aika su zuwa Amurka.

By 1993, da girma daga cikin shugabanni da mambobi na Medellin cartel aka ko dai halakar ko tsare da jami'an tsaro, da kuma Disamba 2, 1993, da suka fito a kan sawu na jagoran mai laifi kungiyar. A wuri inda akwai Pablo Escobar, an kewaye da tsaro. A lokacin da harbi, Escobar kokarin tserewa, amma an harbe ta a maharbi daga cikin al'umma "Los Pepes".

Bisa ga ƙa'ida, daga wannan lokacin Medellín Cartel daina aiki, amma kafin karshen Millennium, 'yan sanda da aka tsare da kuma kama tsohon members.