Mene ne a DiSSiDENT? A DiSSiDENT motsi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet

A cikin kwanaki na Soviet Union ba ga daukacin jama'ar da aka fairly halin yanzu gwamnati. Adawa kira mutanen da ba goyi bayan ra'ayin siyasa, da sãshe, kuma Soviet gwamnati. Sun kasance mabiyin abokan adawar na kwaminisanci da talauci bi da dukan waɗanda suke ba ko ta yaya shãfe. Bi da bi, da gwamnatin tarayyar Soviet ba su iya watsi da adawa. Soviet adawa a fili ya sanar da siyasa ra'ayi. Wani lokaci su ake hada cikin wani dukan karkashin kasa da kungiyoyi. Bi da bi, da hukumomin tsananta adawa da dokar.

"Siyasar 'yan adawa"

Soviet adawa da aka tsananin haramta. Duk wanda bi da su, zai iya sauƙi aika wani mahada zuwa, da kuma wani lokacin har harba. Duk da haka, cikin karkashin kasa adawa dade kawai sai ƙarshen 50s. Tun daga shekarar 1960, kuma har 1980, da DiSSiDENT motsi da wani babba amfani a kan jama'a mataki. Kalmar "siyasa DiSSiDENT" tsĩrar da gwamnatin wata matsala. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, tun da sun sanar da jama'a da ra'ayoyinsu kusan a bude.

A cikin tsakiyar 1960s cewa wani "DiSSiDENT" da aka riga aka sani kusan kowane dan kasa, kuma ba kawai da Tarayyar Soviet amma kuma kasashen waje. Adawa rarraba leaflets, fake da bayyane haruffa zuwa da yawa kamfanonin, a jaridu, har ma a jihar kotu. sun kuma yi kokarin har zuwa yiwu, da kuma aika fliers to bayyana ta zama ga sauran kasashe na duniya.

gwamnatin ta hali zuwa adawa

To, abin da yake a "DiSSiDENT", da kuma inda ya bayyana wannan lokaci? Yana shiga amfani a farkon 60th koma ga anti-gwamnati ƙungiyoyi. Kuma sau da yawa amfani da kalmar "siyasa DiSSiDENT", amma da farko an yi amfani da wasu ƙasashe. A kan lokaci da kansu adawa a tarayyar soviet suka fara kiran kansu.

Wani lokaci, gwamnatin fidda adawa real gagararru, da hannu a ayyukan ta'addanci, kamar fashewa a Moscow a cikin 77th shekara. Duk da haka, wannan ba haka al'amarin. Kamar yadda da wani shiri, adawa su ne dokoki, da za mu iya ce da dokoki. Zaka iya zaɓar mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu: "Kada ka yi amfani da tashin hankali," "talla mataki", "Kariya na muhimman hakkokin yan-adam da abubuwan da yanci" da "da yarda da Hakoki."

Babban aiki na DiSSiDENT motsi

Babban maƙasudin na adawa ya sanar da jama'a cewa kwaminisanci tsarin ya zama wanda aka rabu amfani da maye gurbinsu da matsayin dole zo daga yammacin duniya. Su aiki da suka yi a cikin siffofin daban-daban, amma sau da yawa shi ya littafin na adabi da kuma leaflets. Adawa wani lokacin da aka tattara a cikin kungiyoyin da zanga-zanga gudanar.

Mene ne wani "DiSSiDENT" da aka riga aka sani kusan a duk faɗin duniya, da kuma kawai a cikin Tarayyar Soviet suka daidaita da 'yan ta'adda. Suna sau da yawa ba da ake kira adawa, amma kawai "anti-Soviet" da kuma "anti-Soviet abubuwa". A gaskiya, da yawa adawa cewa hanyar da kaina, kuma sau da yawa ake magana a kai da kuma barranta da definition "DiSSiDENT".

Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn

Daya daga cikin mafi yawan aiki membobin wannan yunkuri ya Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn. A DiSSiDENT aka haife shi a 1918. Aleksandr Isaevich kasance a cikin al'umma na adawa ga fiye da daya da shekaru goma. Ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi vocal abokan adawar na Soviet tsarin da kuma Soviet iko. Za mu iya ce, Solzhenitsyn ya daya daga cikin instigators na DiSSiDENT motsi.

Tsayawa akan matsayin DiSSiDENT

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ya tafi zuwa ga gaban da aka ciyar da su da daraja na kyaftin. Duk da haka, ya bai amince da yawa daga cikin ayyuka na Stalin. Ko a lokacin yaki, da ya jagoranci wani zance da aboki, wanda mummunan soki Iosifa Vissarionovicha. Shin kanka a DiSSiDENT a takardun yi takardun a wanda ya kwatanta Stalin gwamnatin da serfdom. Bisa ga daftarin aiki da sha'awar ma'aikata "Smersh". Bayan wannan bincike ya fara a matsayin sakamakon wanda Solzhenitsyn aka kama. Ya aka hana kyaftin daraja, da kuma a cikin marigayi 1945 ya aka yanke masa hukumcin.

A karshe, Aleksandr Isaevich ciyar kusan shekaru 8. A shekarar 1953, ya sake. Duk da haka, ko da bayan an kammala da ya yi ba ya canja ra'ayi da kuma irin hali ga Soviet tsarin mulki. Mafi m, kawai Solzhenitsyn ya gamsu da cewa adawa a Tarayyar Soviet, mutane da wuya lokacin.

Rashi na dama zuwa doka bazawa

Aleksandr Isaevich ya samar da dama articles da kuma aiki a kan Soviet tsarin mulki. Duk da haka, tare da zuwan Brezhnev, ya aka hana da dama zuwa doka bazawa na ta records. Daga baya, da KGB kwace Solzhenitsyn dukan takardun, wanda dauke da anti-Soviet farfaganda, amma ko da bayan cewa Solzhenitsyn aka ba za ta dakatar da ayyukan. Ya zama rayayye da hannu a zamantakewa ƙungiyoyi, kazalika da wasanni. Aleksandr Isaevich aka ƙoƙarin kai ga kowa da kowa abin da wani "DiSSiDENT". A dangane da wadannan abubuwan da suka faru, da Soviet gwamnati fara gane Solzhenitsyn matsayin tsanani maƙiyi daga cikin jihar.

Bayan Alexander ta littattafai da aka saki a Amurka ba tare da shi izni, ya aka fitar daga cikin Soviet Writers 'Society. Solzhenitsyn da real bayanai yaki a cikin Tarayyar Soviet aka arko. Anti-Soviet motsi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet kuma da hukumomin ba na son. Saboda haka, a cikin tsakiyar 1970s a kan shawara na kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU aka kafa tambaya na Solzhenitsyn ta aiki. By ƙarshen majalisa, an yanke shawarar su kama shi. Bayan nan, Fabrairu 12 1974 da shekara Solzhenitsyn aka kama shi kuma a hana wa Soviet dan kasa, kuma daga baya ya aka fitar daga Tarayyar Soviet a Jamus. KGB jami'an kaina tafi da shi ta jirgin sama. Bayan kwana biyu, a hukuncin da aka bayar ga kwata da kuma lalata dukkan takardun, articles da kuma wani anti-Soviet wallafe-wallafe. Duk da harkokin na Tarayyar Soviet sun yanzu an classified a matsayin "m."