Proton taro

Da zarar an yi imani da cewa karami naúrar na tsarin kowace abu - wani kwayoyin. Sa'an nan, da sabuwar dabara ne mafi iko microscopes, mutãne mamaki ne a gane ra'ayi zarra - kwayoyin kumshin barbashi. Zai ze cewa da yawa kasa? A halin yanzu, ko da daga baya ya bayyana cewa zarra a nuna kunshi karami abubuwa.

A farkon karni na 20th Birtaniya likita Rutherford Ernest bude a gaban atomic nuclei - tsakiya Tsarin, cewa lokacin zamo farkon wata mayẽwa daga m binciken a kan tsarin kashi na karami naúrar na al'amarin.

Don kwanan wata, bisa nukiliya model na atomic tsarin , da kuma saboda da yawa karatu, an san cewa zarra kunshi wani tsakiya, wanda aka kewaye da wani electron girgije. A abun da ke ciki na da irin wannan "girgije" - electrons ko na farko barbashi tare da wani mummunan cajin. A abun da ke ciki na core, a akasin haka, qunshi barbashi tare da wani electrically tabbatacce cajin karɓa a protons sunan. Riga aka ambata a sama, Birtaniya likita ya iya tsayar da baya bayyana wannan sabon abu. A shekara ta 1919, ya gudanar da wani gwaji, wanda ya kunshi a gaskiyar cewa alpha barbashi buga hydrogen nuclei na nuclei na sauran abubuwa. Saboda haka, yana yiwuwa a gano da kuma nuna cewa protons - ba kawai da tsakiya na hydrogen zarra ba tare da wata guda electron. A zamani kimiyyar lissafi protons Ana nuna da alama p ko p + (wanda ke nufin da kyau cajin).

Proton a Greek nufin "da farko manyan" - wani na farko barbashi, da ciwon game da aji na baryons, watau mun gwada nauyi na farko barbashi. Wakiltar wani barga tsari, ta rayuwa shi ne fiye da 2.9 x 10 (29) shekaru.

Tsananin magana, a Bugu da kari ga proton, da atomic tsakiya kuma ƙunshi neutrons, wanda, bisa sunan, neutrally caje. Duka wadannan abubuwa an kira nucleons.

A taro na proton, ta nagarta na bayyane yanayi, lokaci mai tsawo ba za a iya auna. Yanzu mun san cewa shi ne

MP = 1,67262 ∙ 10-27 kg.

Yana haka dubi da kuma sauran taro na proton.

Mu yanzu la'akari da takamaiman yankunan for daban-daban hankulansu proton taro kimiyyar lissafi.

A taro na barbashi cikin nukiliya kimiyyar lissafi sau da yawa daukan wani daban-daban view, shi ne mai naúrar na awo amu

Amu - atomic taro naúrar. daya amu daidai 1/12 da taro na wani carbon zarra, wanda shi ne daidaita da taro yawan 12. Saboda haka, 1 atomic taro naúrar ne daidai 1,66057 · 10-27 kg.

proton taro, sabili da haka, kamar haka:

MP = 1,007276 da. e. m.

Akwai kuma wata hanya zuwa ga bayyana da taro na gaskiya caje barbashi yin amfani da daban-daban raka'a gwargwado. Don yin wannan, na farko kana bukatar ka yi domin ba da daidaitawa na taro kuma makamashi E = mc2. Ina c - gudun haske, kuma da m - jiki taro.

proton taro a wannan harka za a auna a megaelectronvolts ko MeV. Wannan naúrar na awo da ake amfani da musamman a cikin nukiliya kimiyyar lissafi da kuma makaman nukiliya da kuma hidima ga auna da makamashi da cewa wajibi ne ga canja wuri na barbashi tsakanin maki biyu a cikin electrostatic filin. Tare da yanayin da cewa m bambanci tsakanin wadannan maki ne daidai da 1 karfin wuta.

Saboda haka, ba abin da 1 amu = 931,494829533852 MeV proton taro ne kamar

MP = 938 MeV.

Wannan ƙarshe da aka samu a kan tushen da salla-spectroscopic ma'aunai da kuma cewa nauyi a cikin nau'i a cikin abin da aka nuna a sama, da kuma shi ma ake kira e nergiey proton sauran.

Saboda haka, mayar da hankali kan bukatun da gwaji, da nauyin da karami barbashi za a iya bayyana ta uku daban-daban dabi'u, a uku daban-daban raka'a.

Bugu da kari, da proton taro za a iya bayyana dangi zuwa da taro na electron, wanda aka sani da ya zama yawa "wuya" barbashi an lallai cajin. Daidai nauyi tare da m lissafi da wani gagarumin kuskure a cikin wannan yanayin zai zama 1836.152 672 dangi da electron taro.