Mene ne ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi - a tilasta tanadi ko mai kyau bayani?

Mazauna san da yawa da wallafe-wallafen da m ayyukan m bohemian rai na Paris: matalauta artists kuma masu kida rayu a kan mafi girman benaye da ginin, inda suka duhu kuma kunkuntar bene, wanda bai isa ba haske, kuma babu dumama. Mene ne ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi a farko ji na lokaci? Space karkashin rufin high gine-gine, wanda aka yi amfani da iyali bukatun, da kuma zaunar da inda wadanda suka ta da isassun gidaje da aka ba araha.

Daga cikin tarihin gine-gine

Rufi na da na da birni, ya rufe tare da fale-falen, da m gangara daga cikin rufi, da kuma rufin sarari kafa quite gagarumin yawa. A birane rai sarari ya kasance kullum da kasawa, kowane na zama kasa a kallafa maka, da tsawo daga cikin ginin auna ga eaves. Saboda haka, abin da yake cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi ga birane masu gida XVII karni? Yana da wata hanya ta samun ribar.

A ra'ayin don amfani da sarari a karkashin rufin domin na zama haife zuwa Fransua Mansara (1598-1666), amma wannan m sanya m amfani da irin wannan dabara, gina a Paris gine-gine tare da rufi da cewa suna da halayyar lanƙwasa. Bayan gine kowane m tuna cewa wannan ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi. Rufin da ciwon a garesu daga cikin kunya gangara na biyu jirage daban-daban tare gangara, shi zai yiwu don samar da wani matsakaicin ƙarfi rufin sarari inda za su iya saukar da da biyu rai matakan.

definition

A ƙasashe da dama, a mansard kira da sosai nau'i daga cikin rufi, mafi yawan amfani da Mansart, kuma a jefa kira dukan sarari daga rufi daga cikin babba bene da rufi, idan aka yi amfani da gidaje, da cewa yana da za'ayi rufi na ganuwar da kuma rufin samar da halitta lighting, an tsara tare da sauki damar daga cikin ƙananan matakin (yawanci bene) kafa ado gama saman.

Kullum takardun ma a fili ayyana abin da ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi. Kayyade cewa ya ƙunshi SNP 2.08.01-89 ba nadi benaye a cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi sarari, da jirage kafa ta da rufin - gangaren ko karya - tare da line na rarrabawa na tsaye bango na facade da kuma rufin jirgin sama da aka karkata a 1.5 mita daga cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi bene.

Design Jagororin

Da ikon yin amfani da ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi kasa da aka lasafta kamar haka:

• a> b + 0,7 x c, inda
  
  da kuma - bene yanki tare da tsawo ya fi 2.5 m,
  b - dakin sarari da tsawo na 1.1-2.5 m,
  c - dakin sarari tare da rufi tsawo na 0.8-1.1 m.

A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, da yin amfani da ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi aka dauke m, ko da yake wannan Figures suna kunshe ne a cikin takardu, qazanta a shawarwarin.

Lighting ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi - a tambaya mai muhimmanci, wanda aka fi bar wa kwararru. Feature ne zuwa daidai lissafi da glazing yanki: da karin takware zai taimaka zafi asarar ne musamman ban sha'awa. Bayan duk, abin da yake cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi a gidan ba, kuma ba wani wuri inda dumi iska yakan daga cikin ƙananan matakan? A kirga yankin na haske apertures kamata la'akari da bambancin tasiri na al'ada windows, shigar a cikin tsaye ganuwar - a cikin hali na ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi yawanci shi gables facades - dormer windows, auditory da skylights shigar a cikin rufi gangara.

Ya kamata bi zuwa ga irin wannan rabbai a cikin bene yanki rabo da kuma yankin haske apertures:

• lokacin da ajiye da windows a tsaye Tsarin - kada wuce 1: 5.5, da ƙaramar rabo - 1: 8;
• 1:10 halatta a lokacin da ake ji skylights.
• Girkawar dormer windows da zurfin gangara rasa haske zuwa 2/3 kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da a tsaye taga.

A yanayi na cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi sarari na bukatar kulawa ta musamman wajen bayani daga iska matsaloli. Modern kayan ga na'ura yin rufi "kek" da kuma utilities zai taimaka wajen warware wannan takamaiman matsala.

A amfani da katako Tsarin cikin gina ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi maido da takardun shigar da amma bayar antipiriruyuschey woodworking da kuma gini tsawo na 75 m.

A amfani da ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi

Yawanci, da amfanin da na'urar ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi benaye nuna tattalin arziki sharudda, wani m amfani da sararin samaniya da kuma babban gine-gine da ingancin irin wannan sanyata bayani. High ado ingancin dadi undercovering sarari bayyane daga misalai bayyana abin da ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi. Photo of m ciki dakuna kwana, yara da dakuna da kuma located a saman matakin, tana da ban sha'awa.

A kan muhimmancin wadannan dalilai shafi biyu main dalilai: karkashin gini gidan sama a maimaitawa data kasance gini ko ta yin amfani da aka bayar a cikin kimanta ginin.

Ma'anar kalmar sake gini na data kasance gidaje

Idan ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi da ake gina a kan data kasance gini, da karuwa factor ne musamman used yanki ne m, tare da yiwu amfani da hur kuma low-cost kayan da kayayyaki da cewa ba sa bukatar yin amfani da nauyi kayan aiki, don haka babu bukatar sake ma su matsugunni da mazauna. Wannan Trend in kyautata na rayuwa na birane kayayyakin more rayuwa na iya zama mai tsananin kyau.

Alal misali, abin da yake cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi for Khrushchev? Wannan ne mai matukar daban-daban matakin na ta'aziyya da kuma na gani roko, kuma idan ba ga m tsarin na daidaituwa, abin da ya sa irin wannan da zuba jari marasa amfani baki ɗaya, kuma wanda rage dogon lokaci tattalin arziki domin yi ma'aikata zuwa m, da yawa mazan gine-gine iya sayan babban adadin mafi dadi rai sarari.

M gine-gine Hanyar

Akwai da yawa zaɓuɓɓuka saboda gine-gine da yin amfani da sararin samaniya a karkashin rufin. Yana canza sosai fahimtar abin da jefa. Home hotuna wanda za a iya gani a kan yi sites, nuna cewa, a karkashin rufin za a iya located mafi kyau da kuma dadi da dakuna, na daban-daban dalilai. Ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi da gidaje ga talakawa ya zama na musamman "guntu" - daki-daki, daga gidan, kara karfafa gine-gine da roko.