Me yasa wadanda basu yarda da hankali fiye da muminai?

A cikin shekaru masu yawa na bincike, masana kimiyya sun iya kafa dangantaka mai ban sha'awa: wanda bai yarda da ikon fassarawa ba, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya fi hankali fiye da mutum mai addini.

Babu shakka dalilin da yasa wannan cigaba ta ci gaba, amma masu bincike suna da bayanin kansu: Addini addini ne, sun ce, kuma mutane da suke iya tashi sama da ilimin halitta sun fi hankali fiye da wadanda suke dogara gare su.

"Za a iya fahimtar hankali game da maganganun warware matsalar kamar yadda ake shafewa a cikin ilmantarwa da kuma neman ilimi na budewa zuwa ga damar da ba na gwamnati ba," in ji masanin ilimin binciken ilimin Edward Dutton, mai bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Jiki a Ulster a Birtaniya.

Bayani na masana kimiyya

A Girka da Roma an lura da cewa "wawaye" suna da addini, yayin da "masu hikima" sukan kasance masu shakka. Dutton da co-marubucin bincikensa, Dimitri Van der Linden, masanin farfesa a ilimin kimiyya a Jami'ar Erasmus na Rotterdam a Netherlands, ya rubuta cewa: "Tsohon malamai ba kawai sun lura da wannan ƙungiyar ba. Mun bincika ayoyi 63 kuma mun gano cewa 'yan addini ba su da ilimi fiye da wadanda ba na addini ba. "

Amma me yasa akwai alaka? Dutton yana tsammanin wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa wadanda ba na addini ba sun fi hankali fiye da na addini, saboda haka sun fahimci cewa babu Allah.

"A kwanan nan, na fara mamaki idan na yi kuskure sosai," inji Dutton ya ce, "Kimiyya ta Rayuwa." "Na sami hujjar cewa hankali yana da alaƙa da wasu nau'i-nau'i."

Binciken sha'awa

Alal misali, bincike na 2012 da aka buga a mujallar "Halin da Harkokin Lafiyar Jama'a" ya nuna cewa ɗaliban koleji suna ba da amsoshin haɗari, amma ba su gane ba. Wannan abin da ake kira "makãho makãho" an samo shi ne a lokacin da mutane ba zasu iya fahimtar ra'ayi a tunanin kansu ba. "A kowane hali, wani wurin da aka fi sani da makãho yana hade da halayyar haɓakaccen tunani," masu bincike sun rubuta a cikin bita 2012.

Tambayar da aka tambayi ɗalibai yana da ban sha'awa: "Batirin da ball yana amfani da $ 1.10 kawai. Batirin yana bukatar $ 1.00 fiye da ball. Nawa ne kudin kwallon? ".

"'Yan makaranta sun soke ko yin la'akari da shawarar da ta fara a kansu," in ji masu bincike. Idan sunyi haka, za su iya samun amsar da ya dace: ƙwallon yana buƙatar farashin 5, kuma cajin yana bukatar $ 1.05.

"Idan mutane masu basira suna da ra'ayin kansu, to yana nufin cewa basu da hankali a wasu hanyoyi," inji Dutton.

Sanin ainihin

Ka'idodin "addini-instinct" wani fasali ne na ra'ayin da Satoshi Kanazawa, wanda masanin ilimin juyin halitta a London ya yi, a cikin Likita. Ba ta shiga cikin sabon binciken ba.

"Ka'idar Kanazawa ta yi ƙoƙari ta bayyana bambancin hali da dangantakar dake tsakanin masu hikima da marasa fahimta," in ji Nathan Kofnas, malamin ilimin falsafar a Jami'ar Oxford a Ƙasar Ingila.

Halin yana dogara ne akan tunani guda biyu. Cofnas ya ce: "Na farko, muna da halayyar kwakwalwa don magance matsalolin da ke gudana a tsakanin magoya bayan mu na mafarki a Afirka. Abu na biyu, "ƙwararren jama'a", wanda aka ƙaddara ta gwajin IQ, yana tasowa don taimaka mana mu magance matsalolin da ba a magance ba, waɗanda ba mu da wata mahimmanci da za a iya magance mu. "

"Maƙasudin ma'anar cewa mutane masu hankali suna da kyau fiye da mutane marasa hankali wadanda ke hulɗar yanayi da abubuwan da kakanninsu basu da shi," in ji Cofnas.

Bayani na falsafa

"Wannan hanya ce mai ban sha'awa, amma zai iya ci gaba idan masu bincike sun bayyana abin da suke nufi da" ilimin addini ", in ji Kofnas.

Dutton da Van der Linden sun ce idan addini yana da tushe, to, mutane masu tausayi za su iya rinjayar shi kuma su zama wadanda basu yarda ba. Amma, ba tare da sanin ainihin yanayin ilimin addini ba, masana kimiyya ba za su iya banda wannan rashin gaskatawa ba, ko akalla wasu daga cikin siffofinsa, kuma ya dogara da ilimin.

Alal misali, marubucin Christopher Hitchens ya ɗauki gurguzanci addini. Ya tabbata cewa ƙungiyoyin addinai da wadanda ba addini ba sun dogara da bangaskiya, suna nuna kansu tare da al'ummomin masu bi da kuma fanaticism.

Addini da danniya

Masu bincike kuma sunyi nazarin dangantaka tsakanin ilimin da kuma damuwa, suna karfafawa cewa mutane suna yin aiki a cikin yanayi masu wahala wanda ya danganci ilmantarwa, alal misali, yin magana akan addini a karkashin wasu lokuta masu wahala. Masu bincike sunyi jayayya cewa hankali yana taimaka wa mutane su tashi sama da wadannan ilimin a lokacin wahala.

"Idan bangaskiyar addini ta kasance wani yanki ne wanda aka tsara, to, zai kara a lokacin damuwa, lokacin da mutane ke yin aiki a hankali, kuma wannan yana da hujja bayyananne," in ji Dutton. "Har ila yau, yana nufin cewa hikimar ta ba mu damar yin tunani, ta ci gaba da halin da ake ciki da kuma sakamakon da muke samu." Mutanen da za su iya tashi sama da ilimin su shine mafi alheri a magance matsalolin su. "

"Ku yi tunanin wani ya kai muku hari. Sanarwarka ita ce tilasta mutum ya buge mutumin, "in ji Dutton Live Science. "Mutumin kirki zai iya hana irin wannan aiki, yana jayayya cewa yana da kyau wajen magance matsalar daidai da abin da suke so daga gare shi."

An wallafa binciken da aka bayyana a sama a ranar 16 ga Mayu a cikin mujallar Evolutionary Psychological Science.